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{{Short description|Turban worn by Sikhs}}
{{for multi|the village in Azerbaijan|Dəstər|the United States Supreme Court case|Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.}}
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[[File:Sikh man, Agra 10.jpg|thumb|Sikh man wearing a ''dastar'' or ''pagh'']]
{{Sikh practices}}
A '''dastār''' ({{lang-pa|ਦਸਤਾਰ/دستار}}, from {{lang-fa|دستار}}; ''dast'' or "hand" with the agentive suffix -ār; also known as a ਪੱਗ ''paga'' or ਪੱਗੜੀ ''pagaṛī'' in Punjabi)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dehkhoda |first1=Ali Akbar |title=Loghatnāmeh-ye Dehkhodā |url=https://www.vajehyab.com/dehkhoda/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1 |website=Vajehyab |access-date=22 May 2022}}</ref> is an item of headwear associated with [[Sikhism]], and is an important part of Sikh culture. The word is loaned from [[Persian language|Persian]] through [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]. In Persian, the word ''dastār'' can refer to any kind of [[turban]] and replaced the original word for turban, ''dolband'' (دلبند), from which the English word is derived.

Among the Sikhs, the ''dastār'' is an article of faith that represents equality, honour, self-respect, courage, spirituality, and piety. The [[Khalsa]] Sikh men and women, who keep the [[The Five Ks|Five Ks]], wear the turban to cover their long, uncut hair (''[[Kesh (Sikhism)|kesh]]''). The Sikhs regard the ''dastār'' as an important part of the unique Sikh identity. After the ninth Sikh Guru, [[Guru Tegh Bahadur|Tegh Bahadur]], was sentenced to death by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]], [[Guru Gobind Singh]], the tenth Sikh Guru created the [[Khalsa]] and gave five articles of faith, one of which is unshorn hair, which the ''dastār'' covers.<ref name=turban>[http://www.earlytimes.in/newsdet.aspx?q=233794 “Importance of turban in Sikhism”], earlytimes.in. 2018-05-29.</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Dastar of Guru Gobind Singh.jpg|thumb|Preserved ''Dastar'' relic of [[Guru Gobind Singh]]]]
[[File:Near contemporary portrait painting of Guru Hargobind by a Muslim artist, held in the Bhai Rupa Collection, circa mid-17th century.jpg|thumb|Contemporary or near-contemporary painting of Guru Hargobind, his turban-style is notable]]
The ''dastār'' has been an important part of the Sikh religion since the time of the First Guru, [[Guru Nanak]] who honoured Guru Angad Dev who honoured [[Guru Amar Das]] with a special ''dastār'' when he was declared the next Guru. When [[Guru Ram Das]] died, [[Guru Arjan]] was honoured with the ''dastār'' of Guruship.

: ''Marne di pag Pirthiye badhi. Guriyaee pag Arjan Ladhi''<ref>"Partakh Hari," Jiwni Guru Arjan Dev Ji, by Principal Satbir Singh</ref>

[[Guru Gobind Singh]], the last human Sikh Guru, wrote:

:''Kangha dono vaqt kar, paag chune kar bandhai.'' ("Comb your hair twice a day and tie your turban carefully, turn by turn.")

Bhai Rattan Singh Bhangu, one of the earliest Sikh historians, wrote in ''Sri Gur Panth Parkash'':<ref>Bhai Rattan Singh Bhangu. ''Sri Gur Granth Parkash''. Page 78.</ref>
: ''Doi vele utth bandhyo dastare, [[pahar]] aatth rakhyo shastar sambhare''
:
: ''Kesan ki kijo pritpal, nah(i) ustran se katyo vaal''

: Tie your ''dastār'' twice a day and wear shaster (weapons to protect dharma), and keep them with care, 24 hours a day.
:
: Take good care of your hair. Do not cut your hair by blade.

== Significance ==
[[File:Sikhs with chakrams.jpg|thumb|right|''Nihang Abchal Nagar'' (Nihangs from Hazur Sahib), 1844. Shows turban-wearing Sikh soldiers with [[chakram]]s.]]
In the Khalsa society, the turban signifies many virtues:

; Equality
:The Sikh society is an egalitarian one, and free of gender, religion, race, nationality or sexual orientation. The institution of Khalsa was based on "Aape Gur Chela", no master no slave.<ref name=turban/>

; Spirituality
:The ''dastār'' is a symbol of spirituality, holiness, and humility in Sikhism.

; Honour and self-respect
: The ''dastār'' is also a symbol of honour and self-respect. In the Punjabi culture, those who have selflessly served the community are traditionally honoured with turbans.

; Piety and moral values
: The ''dastār'' also signifies piety and purity of mind. In the Punjabi society, the Khalsa Sikhs are considered as protectors of the weak, even among the non-Sikhs. In the older times, the Khalsa warriors moved from village to village at night, during the battles. When they needed a place to hide from the enemy, the womenfolk, who had a very high degree of trust in them used to let them inside their houses. It was a common saying in Punjab: ''Aye nihang, booha khol de nishang'' ("The [[nihang]]s are at the door. Dear woman! go ahead open the door without any fear whatsoever.")

; Courage
: Sikhs wear a ''dastār'', to cover their long hair, which is never cut, as per the command of their previous Guru, [[Guru Gobind Singh]]. There are many references in the Sikh history that describe how Guru Gobind Singh personally tied ''dumala''s (''dastār'') on the heads of both his elder sons [[Sahibzada Ajit Singh|Ajit Singh]] and [[Sahibzada Jujhar Singh|Jujhar Singh]], and how he personally gave them arms, decorated them like bridegrooms, and sent them to the battlefield at Chamkaur Sahib where they both died as martyrs. A [[saffron|blue]]-colored turban is especially identified with courage, sacrifice and martyrdom.

; Friendship and relationship
:''Pag Vatauni'' ("exchange of turban") is a Punjabi custom, in which the men exchange ''dastārs'' with their closest friends. Once they exchange turbans they become friends for life and forge a permanent relationship. They take a solemn pledge to share their joys and sorrows under all circumstances. Exchanging turban is a glue that can bind two individuals or families together for generations.

; Sayings
There are many Punjabi idioms and proverbs that describe how important is a ''dastār'' in one's life. [[Bhai Gurdas]] writes:<ref>Vara(n) Bhai Gurdas, Var 32, pauri 19</ref>
:''Tthande khuhu naike pag visar(i) aya sir(i) nangai''
:''Ghar vich ranna(n) kamlia(n) dhussi liti dekh(i) kudhange''

: ("A man, after taking a bath at the well during winter time, forgot his ''dastār'' at the well and came home bareheaded.
: When the women saw him at home without a ''dastār'', they thought someone had died and they started to cry.")

=== Uniform of Sikhism ===
[[File:Pigeons in Bombay.jpg|thumb|right|Sikhs are easily recognized by their distinctive turbans, as well as their other articles of faith.]]
The ''dastār'' is considered an integral part of the unique Sikh identity. The bare head is not considered appropriate as per [[gurbani]]. If a Sikh wants to become one with his/her [[guru]], he/she must look like a guru (wear a ''dastār''). [[Guru Gobind Singh]] stated:
: ''Khalsa mero roop hai khaas. Khalse me hau karo niwas.''
: ("Khalsa is a true picture of mine. I live in Khalsa.")

Maintaining long hair and tying the ''dastār'' is seen as a token of love, obedience of the wishes of Sikh gurus, and acceptance to the Will of God. A quote from Sikhnet:<ref>[http://www.sikhnet.com/s/tyingturbans Learn How To Tie Different Sikh Turbans]</ref>

{{cquote|The ''dastār'' is our Guru's gift to us. It is how we crown ourselves as the Singhs and Kaurs who sit on the throne of commitment to our own higher consciousness. For men and women alike, this projective identity conveys royalty, grace, and uniqueness. It is a signal to others that we live in the image of Infinity and are dedicated to serving all. The turban doesn't represent anything except complete commitment. When you choose to stand out by tying your ''dastār'', you stand fearlessly as one single person standing out from six billion people. It is a most outstanding act.}}

== Styles of ''dastārs'' ==
{{more citations needed|section|date=February 2021}}

=== Nok Pagg ===
This is a very common [[Turban|Sikh Turban]] style and is most common in the Indian state of [[Punjab, India]]. The Nok is a double wide Dastar. Six meters of the dastar cloth are cut in half then in two or three meter pieces. They are sewn together to make it double wide, thus creating a "double patti" or a nok dastar. This dastar is larger than most Sikh dastars but contains fewer wraps around the head.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

=== Chand Tora Dumalla ===
[[File:Sikh triditional turban Dumalla.jpg|thumb|Chand Tora [[Dumalla]] with many shaster]]
The Chand Tora [[Dumalla]] is the style of turban generally worn by Nihang Sikhs. This is a warrior style turban meant for going into battle. The "Chand Tora" is a metal symbol consisting of a crescent and a double edged sword, it is held in place at the front of the turban by a woven chainmail cord tied in a pattern within the turban to protect the head from slashing weapons. This was not the original battle turban for the Khalsa as the Dastar Bunga was the first.

=== Amritsari Dumalla ===
This is the most common [[Dumalla]] Dastar. Unlike the Taksali Dumalla this one slants backwards and Amritdharis keep Kirpans in the pouches on the sides. It consists of-

* One five meter piece (mostly Navy or electric blue)
* one 11 meter piece any color, commonly sabz (white) and pavo blue. Both pieces are 35&nbsp;cm wide, and referred to in Amritsar as Dhamala Material

=== Taksali Dumala ===
This is a very simple and basic [[Dumalla|Dumala]] Sikh dastar. This is the most popular among the Akhand Kirtan Jatha and the Damdami Taksal.

=== Mughali Pagg ===
[[File:Possibly Guru Hargobind (also identified as Guru Har Rai) with an Attendant.jpg|thumb|Circa 1750 painting depicting [[Guru Hargobind]] wearing a turban-style that the [[Sikh gurus]] wore while being at peace. Sikhs call this the 'Royal Indic Pagg', it was worn by rulers in the late mediaeval-era Indian subcontinent]]
This turban stemmed from Rajput tradition, and was adopted by the Mughals starting with Akbar and would be continued among further Mughals. The Gurus from Guru Hargobind used this and it is only worn by extremely cultural and traditional Sikhs.

=== Darbara Singh Dumala ===
The Darbara Singh Dumala, named after the second Jathedar of the Budha Dal, was the turban worn by some Nihang warriors. It is much larger than other turbans and is used to keep many weapons. The turban has two loose cloths from the turban.

=== Barnala Shahi Pagg ===
Another common Sikh ''dastār'' style for men. Unlike the "double patti" ''dastār'', the ''dastār'' is longer and goes ten or more times around the head. If you use the "Notai" technique and have a big joora (hair knot), do not make it right in front at your forehead. You will end up tying the ''dastār'' on the joora, and it will make your ''dastār'' look very high and big. According to modern Punjabi style the last (larh) of ''dastār'' is given a "V" shape by using the ''dastār'' pin. Sikhs also use a specially designed [[Salai (needle)|''dastār'' needle]] ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: Salai,ਸਲਾਈ OR Baaj,ਬਾਜ) to tuck their hair inside from ''dastār'' and patka and also to maintain ''dastār'' cleanliness. The Barnala Shahi is common around the city of Barnala and the Base of the turban is smaller than the top.

=== Wattan Wali Pagg ===
The Wattan-Wali Pagg is a size bigger than the other turban and is worn by Sikhs who are avid learners and Sikhs who are proud of their heritage and culture. It is divided in the middle due to the amount of wraps it rounds at the top.

=== Patiala Shahi Pagg ===
Nowadays this type of ''dastār'' is widely famous in the newer generation. This type of ''dastār'' was first tied by [[Maharaja]] [[Bhupinder Singh of Patiala|Bhupinder Singh]] of [[Patiala]]. From his name the name of this type is originated 'Patiala Shahi'.

=== Dastar Bunga ===
[[File:A Sikh Hooper Western 1860s.jpg|thumb|The original Sikh turban of the Khalsa Fauj, the Dastar Bunga. The Nihang's pharla is being covered at the tip of the turban.]][[Dastar bunga]], or turban fortress in Persian, is a style of turban used by a specific sect within the [[Sikhs]], the Akali [[Nihang]]s (egoless immortals). As an essential part of their faith the warriors used the turban as a store for their expansive range of weapons.

This was the original Turban of the Khalsa Fauj of the Gurus. The Gurus wore this style during battle and the Mughal style while in peace. The Dastar Bunga is common in the Nihang traditions. The dark blue tunic (chola) and turban (dumalla) surmounted with quoit and dagger were first worn in 1699 at the time of the first Khalsa initiation ceremony of the double-edged sword (khanda-pahul). Next came the turban-flag (farra or farla), which was introduced by [[Guru Gobind Singh]] in 1702 during a clash with a Rajput hill king in the vicinity of Anandpur. The Khalsa's battle standard was cut down when its bearer, Akali Man Singh Nihang, fell wounded. Henceforth, the Guru decided that the dark blue flag should be worn as a part of Man Singh's turban, fluttering from its peak should be a yellow loose cloth for as long as its bearer had life in him. It is said that the full magnificence of the Akal-Nihang uniform emerged the following year.

=== Gurmukh Dastar ===
Gurmukhi Dastar is worn by Amritdhari Sikhs. This is worn by the current Akal Takht Jathedar and is worn by 'Gurmukhs' or 'Gianis'.

=== Puratan Nok Pagg ===
[[File:Sikh Soldiers India.jpg|thumb|Sikh soldiers with Puratan Nok Paggs and Pharlas.]]The later British Sikh soldiers also wore the Pharla which looks like a loose cloth extending from a Nok Pagg. It also sometimes had a Shamla or loose cloth running down the back and a turla or loose cloth going from the side.

=== Amritsari Shahi Pagg ===
The Amritsari Shahi Pagg is similar to the Barnala Shahi Pagg except it is neater and is much sturdier. The top flap of the Turban is rotated straight and holds the turban together.

=== Kenyan or UK style turban ===
:This is a common ''dastār'' among young men in the Sikh Diaspora. It originated in Kenya, hence its name, among the Sikhs there. In the 1970s many Kenyan Sikhs migrated to the [[UK]], making it popular there. Its design is very smart and elegant. Famous people like [[Jus Reign]], [[Raj Grewal]], singer [[Jassi Sidhu]] wear different variations of this style.
 
In May 2009, ''[[The Times of India]]'' reported that British researchers were trying to make a "bulletproof turban" that would allow the Sikhs in the British police to serve in firearms units.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023205125/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-08/science/28211368_1_turbans-sikhs-firearms Bulletproof turbans for Sikh cops]. The Times of India. 8 May 2009.</ref>

==Harassment faced by turban-wearing Sikhs==

After the [[September 11, 2001, attacks]] in USA, a number of ''dastār''-wearing Sikhs faced assaults by some Americans who confused them with [[Muslim]]s, who were being associated with terrorism.<ref>{{cite news
 | url = http://ibnlive.com/news/sikh-attacked-in-another-hate-crime-in-new-york/57501-3.html
 | title = Sikh attacked in another hate crime in New York
 | publisher = [[CNN-IBN]]
 | date = 2008-01-27
 | access-date = 2008-01-27
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://media.www.usforacle.com/media/storage/paper880/news/2003/04/18/News/Sikhs.Turbans.Dont.Mean.Terrorism-1678001.shtml
 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090714234822/http://media.www.usforacle.com/media/storage/paper880/news/2003/04/18/News/Sikhs.Turbans.Dont.Mean.Terrorism-1678001.shtml
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-date=2009-07-14
 |title=Sikhs: Turbans don't mean terrorism 
 |publisher=The Oracle 
 |author=Vanessa Garnica 
 |date=2003-04-18 
 |access-date=2008-01-25 
}}</ref> Due to Sikh turbans resembling the turban that [[Osama bin Laden]] wore in his most iconic photo, [[United States Department of Justice]] worked with the [[Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund]] (SALDEF) to issue a poster aimed at getting Americans acquainted with Sikh turbans.<ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041216/world.htm#4
 | title = US initiative to explain turbans
 | publisher = [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]], [[Chandigarh]]
 | date = 2004-12-16
 | access-date = 2008-01-25
}}</ref>

==Conflicts with civil law==
[[File:Anti-aircraft BrenGun.jpg|thumb|Indian troops man a [[Bren gun]] during the [[Western Desert Campaign]] in World War II. The Sikh soldier is wearing a ''dastār'', his non-Sikh companion is wearing a [[Brodie helmet|Brodie steel helmet]]]]
In modern times, there have been conflicts between Sikhs &ndash; especially those outside India &ndash; and laws which conflict with always wearing a ''dastār''.
Sikh soldiers refused to wear helmets during World War I and World War II. Many Sikhs have refused to remove the ''dastār'' even in jails. Sikh scholar and social activist [[Randhir Singh (Sikh)|Bhai Randhir Singh]] underwent a fast to be able to wear a ''dastār'' in prison.

In the UK in 1982, the headmaster of a private school refused to admit an orthodox Sikh as a pupil unless he removed the ''dastār'' and cut his hair. This led to the long legal battle, ''[[Mandla v Dowell-Lee|Mandla v. Dowell Lee]]'', a case which contributed to the creation of the legal term "[[ethno-religious]]".<ref>{{cite journal
 |date=March 1983
 | title = Turban or not turban — that is the question (Mandla v. Dowell Lee)
 | journal = Liverpool Law Review
 | volume = 5
 | issue = 1
 | pages = 75–90
 | publisher = Springer
 | location = Netherlands
 | doi = 10.1007/BF01079986
| s2cid = 189918007
 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
 | last = Moore
 | first = Joan Brooke
 | title = The politics of litigating discrimination : a case study of Mandla v. Dowell Lee (Thesis)
 | publisher = [[University of Oxford]]
 | year = 1985
 | oclc = 123433705
}}</ref>

In Canada in 1990, the [[Supreme Court of Canada]] ruled that Baltej Singh Dhillon, a [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] officer, should be allowed to wear a ''dastār'' while on duty. See the case of ''Grant v. Canada A.G (1995) 125 D.L.R. (4th) 556 (F.C.A.) aff'd (1994) 81 F.T.R. 195 (F.C.T.D.) (Reed J.)'' where the court said that the Sikh RCMP officer had a constitutional right to wear his ''dastār'' and that the government's decision to accommodate him was required to protect freedom of religion:

"The defendants and the intervenors, particularly the able argument of Ms. Chotalia for the Alberta Civil Liberties Association, turn the plaintiffs' argument respecting discrimination on its head.  They argue that the Commissioner's decision was designed to prevent discrimination occurring to Khalsa Sikhs.  As such they argue that that decision offends none of the provisions of the Charter, indeed that it is required by section 15 of the Charter." para 103	
Shirish Chotalia, Alberta lawyer, represented the Sikh Society of Calgary, the Alberta Civil Liberties Association, and the Friends of the Sikhs, pro bono.<ref name="thestar_precedents">[https://www.thestar.com/News/GTA/article/305130 Precedents buoy Sikh's turban fight, lawyer says]</ref>

In the United States in 2002, Jasjit Singh Jaggi, a Sikh traffic policeman employed with the [[New York Police Department]], was forced to leave his job because he insisted on wearing a ''dastār'' on duty. He petitioned with the New York Human Rights Commission, and in 2004 a US judge ruled that he should be reinstated.<ref>{{cite news
 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3673733.stm
 | title = Sikh policeman wins turban case
 | work = [[BBC News]]
 | date = 2004-04-30
 | access-date = 2008-01-25
}}</ref>

In [[France]] in 2004, the Sikh community protested against the introduction of a law prohibiting the display of any religious symbols in state-run schools.<ref>{{cite news
 | url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-01-06/chandigarh/28333490_1_french-turban-ban-united-sikhs-sikh-group
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121019142256/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-01-06/chandigarh/28333490_1_french-turban-ban-united-sikhs-sikh-group
 | url-status = dead
 | archive-date = 2012-10-19
 | title = French turban ban gets Sikh group into action
 | work = [[The Times of India]]
 | date = 2004-01-06
 | access-date = 2008-01-25
| first1=Yudhvir
| last1=Rana
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3403775.stm
 | title = French Sikhs defend the turban
 | work = [[BBC News]]
 | author = Ranvir Nayar
 | date = 2004-01-17
 | access-date = 2008-01-25
}}</ref> The [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]] urged the French Government to review the bill, stating that the ban would have grave consequences for the Sikhs.<ref>{{cite news
 | url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-24/chandigarh/28330462_1_unshorn-hair-sikh-diaspora-sikh-students
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121019142306/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-24/chandigarh/28330462_1_unshorn-hair-sikh-diaspora-sikh-students
 | url-status = dead
 | archive-date = 2012-10-19
 | title = SGPC urges French govt to review turban ban
 | work = [[The Times of India]]
 | date = 2004-03-24
 | access-date = 2008-01-25
| first1=Yudhvir
| last1=Rana
}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] discussed the matter with the French officials, who stated that an exception for turbaned Sikh boys in French public schools was not possible.<ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://www.ibnlive.com/news/france-cant-make-exceptions-on-turban-ban-envoy/57330-3.html
 | title = France can't make exceptions on turban ban: Envoy
 | publisher = [[CNN-IBN]]
 | date = 2008-01-25
 | access-date = 2008-01-25
}}</ref>

In 2007, the [[Canadian government]] introduced new procedures for accommodation of Sikhs in regard to passport photos, driver licensing, and other legal licensing. This bill was also supported by the Sikh Council of Canada.

In April 2009, Capt. Kamaljit Singh Kalsi and 2nd Lt. Tejdeep Singh Rattan challenged a U.S. Army order that they remove their turbans and shave their beards.<ref>{{cite news
 | url = http://edition.cnn.com/2009/US/04/15/us.sikhs.military/index.html
 | title = Sikhs fight Army over bans on turbans, uncut hair
 | publisher = [[CNN]]
 | date = 2009-04-15
 | access-date = 2009-04-25
}}</ref> In March 2010, Rattan became the first Sikh to graduate Army Officer School at Fort Sam Houston since the exemption was eliminated in 1984; a waiver was granted for his religion. Kalsi will also attend basic training.<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100323/ap_on_re_us/us_army_sikh_soldier;_ylt=A0LEapKZ3ahL8WgBERVwGLl_;_ylu=X3oDMTM5NmMwMTR0BGFzc2V0A2FwLzIwMTAwMzIzL3VzX2FybXlfc2lraF9zb2xkaWVyBGNjb2RlA21vc3Rwb3B1bGFyBGNwb3MDNgRwb3MDNgRzZWMDeW5fdG9wX3N0b3JpZXMEc2xrAzFzdHNpa2hpbmRlYw-- 1st Sikh in decades graduates Army Officer School]</ref>

In Ireland, Ravinder Singh Oberoi applied to become a member of the voluntary police force [[Garda Reserve]] but was not permitted to wear a ''dastār'' in 2007.<ref name="ITD">{{cite news | url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/social-affairs/badge-of-distinction-meet-the-first-sikh-in-the-garda-reserves-1.4466406 | title=Badge of distinction: Meet the first Sikh in the Garda Reserves | newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] }}</ref> He unsuccessfully claimed discrimination on grounds of race and religion; the High Court ruled in 2013 on a preliminary issue that he could not claim under employment equality legislation as he was not an employee and was not in vocational training.<ref>'[http://www.bailii.org/ie/cases/IEHC/2013/H267.html 'Garda Commissioner v Singh Oberoi']' [2013] IEHC 267.</ref> But in 2019, Garda Commissioner Drew Harris granted exemptions for uniform alterations based on the Garda uniform code to allow officers from some ethnic communities to wear clothing related to their religion.<ref name="ITD"/> Oberoi is currently working in the GR as of November 2020.<ref name="ITD"/>

===Instances of acceptance===
[[File:OCdt. Sarabjot Anand, OCdt. Sarbjeet Nijher and OCdt. Saajandeep Sarai represent Royal Military College of Canada at Sikh Remembrance Day 2013.jpg|left|thumb|[[Officer cadet]]s of the [[Royal Military College of Canada]] wearing a ''dastār''. Sikh members of the [[Canadian Armed Forces]] are permitted to wear the ''dastār'' in most situations.]]
In 2012 British media reported that a [[Guards Division|Guardsman]] of the [[Scots Guards]] Jatinderpal Singh Bhullar became the first Sikh to guard [[Buckingham Palace]] wearing a ''dastār'' instead of the traditional [[bearskin]].<ref name="The Huffington Post - 11 December 2012 - Jatinderpal Singh Bhullar, Sikh Soldier, Wears Turban On Buckingham Palace Guard Duty">{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/11/sikh-soldier-wears-turban-palace_n_2277882.html|title=Jatinderpal Singh Bhullar, Sikh Soldier, Wears Turban On Buckingham Palace Guard Duty|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|publisher=11 December 2012|access-date=10 January 2014}}</ref>

Sikh members of the [[Canadian Armed Forces]] are permitted to wear the ''dastār'' on all [[Uniforms of the Canadian Armed Forces|orders of dress within the forces]], although the unit commander retains the right to order for adjustments should a conflict arise with operational safety.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/dress-manual/chapter-2/section-3.html#3-14|title=Dress instructions Section 3: Religious and spiritual accommodation|date=11 September 2018|access-date=12 March 2019|publisher=Government of Canada}}</ref> The colour of the ''dastār'' for Sikh service members within the [[Canadian Army]], and the [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] are required to match the colours of their unit's headgear. Sikhs serving within the [[Royal Canadian Navy]] are required to wear a white ''dastār'' when [[peaked cap]]s are worn, and a black ''dastār'' when berets are worn. The unit's cap badge must also be worn on the ''dastār''. Additionally, some units in the Canadian Armed Forces add a ribbon matching their regimental colours, worn crossed behind the cap badge and tucked in at the back.

===Helmet exemption===
In several parts of the world, Sikh riders are exempted from legal requirements to wear a helmet when riding a motorcycle or a bicycle, which cannot be done without removing the ''dastār''. These places include [[India]], [[Nepal]] and the Canadian provinces of [[Alberta]], [[British Columbia]], [[Ontario]] and [[Manitoba]].<ref name="thestar_precedents"/> Other places include [[Malaysia]],{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} [[Hong Kong]],<ref>[http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr06-07/english/bc/bc52/papers/bc520205cb2-1019-3-e.pdf Legislative Council Bills Committee on Race Discrimination Bill LC Paper No. CB(2)1019/06-07(03)]</ref> [[Singapore]],{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} [[Thailand]],{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>[http://www.gurmat.info/sms/smspublications/theturbanvictory/chapter3/ Motor-Cycle Crash Helmets (Religious Exemption) Act 1976]</ref> In [[Queensland]], Australia, riders of bicycles and mobility scooters are exempt from wearing an approved helmet, but not motorcyclists.<ref>[http://road.cc/content/news/79938-sikh-cyclist-australia-wins-right-not-have-wear-helmet Sikh cyclist in Australia wins right not to have to wear a helmet]</ref><ref>[https://www.qld.gov.au/transport/safety/rules/motorcycle/ Queensland motorcycle safety rules]</ref>
 
In 2008, Baljinder Badesha, a Sikh man living in Brampton, [[Ontario]], [[Canada]], lost a court case in which he challenged a $110 ticket received for wearing a ''dastār'' instead of a helmet while riding his motorcycle.<ref name="thestar_precedents"/><ref>[https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/story.html?id=314006 Sikhs have worn helmets 'throughout their history']{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thestar.com/News/GTA/article/346367 | work=The Star | location=Toronto | title=Sikh, backers to appeal motorcycle helmet ruling | first=Pam | last=Douglas | date=2008-03-15 | access-date=2010-05-01}}</ref>

In September 2016 a court in [[Quebec]], Canada, ruled that Sikh truck drivers working at the [[Port of Montreal]] must wear [[hard hat]]s when required for safety reasons, effectively requiring them to remove their ''dastār''. The judge stated that their safety outweighed their religious freedom. Previously Sikh drivers were able to avoid wearing hard hats if they remained within their vehicle, but this increased the loading times and was not commercially acceptable.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2016/09/23/quebec-sikh-workers-must-wear-safety-helmets-when-required-judge-rules.html|title=Quebec Sikh workers must wear safety helmets when required, judge rules {{!}} Toronto Star|newspaper=The Toronto Star|date=23 September 2016|access-date=2016-09-23}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Kesh (Sikhism)]]
* [[Dastar bunga]]
* [[Turban training centre]]
* [[Salai (needle)]]
* [[Sikh chola]]
* [[Dumalla]]
* [[Rumāl]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline}}

{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:Indian headgear]]
[[Category:Religious headgear]]
[[Category:Sikh religious clothing]]
[[Category:Turbans]]
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