Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Dave Parker

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|American baseball player (born 1951)}}
{{Other people}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox baseball biography
|image=Dave Parker Oakland A's.jpg
|caption=Parker during his time with the [[Oakland Athletics]]
|name=Dave Parker
|position=[[Right fielder]] / [[Designated hitter]]
|bats=Left
|throws=Right
|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1951|6|9}}
|birth_place=[[Grenada, Mississippi]], U.S.
|debutleague = MLB
|debutdate=July 12
|debutyear=1973
|debutteam=Pittsburgh Pirates
|finalleague = MLB
|finaldate=October 2
|finalyear=1991
|finalteam=Toronto Blue Jays
|statleague = MLB
|stat1label=[[Batting average (baseball)|Batting average]]  
|stat1value=.290
|stat2label=[[Hit (baseball)|Hits]]
|stat2value=2,712
|stat3label=[[Home run]]s
|stat3value=339
|stat4label=[[Runs batted in]]
|stat4value=1,493
|teams=
*[[Pittsburgh Pirates]] ({{mlby|1973}}–{{mlby|1983}})
*[[Cincinnati Reds]] ({{mlby|1984}}–{{mlby|1987}})
*[[Oakland Athletics]] ({{mlby|1988}}–{{mlby|1989}})
*[[Milwaukee Brewers]] ({{mlby|1990}})
*[[Los Angeles Angels|California Angels]] ({{mlby|1991}})
*[[Toronto Blue Jays]] ({{mlby|1991}})
|highlights=
*7× [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star]] ([[1977 Major League Baseball All-Star Game|1977]], [[1979 Major League Baseball All-Star Game|1979]]–[[1981 Major League Baseball All-Star Game|1981]], [[1985 Major League Baseball All-Star Game|1985]], [[1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game|1986]], [[1990 Major League Baseball All-Star Game|1990]])
*2× [[World Series]] champion ({{wsy|1979}}, {{wsy|1989}})
* [[Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award|NL MVP]] (1978)
*3× [[Gold Glove Award]] (1977–1979)
*3× [[Silver Slugger Award]] (1985, 1986, 1990)
*2× [[List of Major League Baseball batting champions|NL batting champion]] (1977, 1978)
*[[List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders|NL RBI leader]] (1985)
*[[Pittsburgh Pirates#Pirates Hall of Fame|Pirates Hall of Fame]]
* [[Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame and Museum|Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame]]
}}
'''David Gene Parker''' (born June 9, 1951), nicknamed "'''the Cobra'''",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bighairplasticgrass.com/2011/06/day-of-the-cobra.html |title=Day of the Cobra - Big Hair and Plastic Grass |access-date=2016-02-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222105157/http://www.bighairplasticgrass.com/2011/06/day-of-the-cobra.html |archive-date=February 22, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> is an American former professional [[baseball]] player. He played in [[Major League Baseball]] as a [[right fielder]] from 1973 to 1991. A seven-time [[Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star]], Parker won two National League batting titles and was the 1978 National League [[Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award|Most Valuable Player]]. He was a member of two World Series championship teams, winning with the Pittsburgh Pirates in {{wsy|1979}} and the Oakland Athletics in {{wsy|1989}}.

Parker was the second professional athlete to earn an average of $1 million per year, having signed a five-year, $5 million contract in January 1979. Parker's career achievements include 2,712 hits, 339 [[home run]]s, 1,493 runs batted in and a lifetime [[batting average (baseball)|batting average]] of .290. Parker was also known as a solid defensive outfielder during the first half of his career with a powerful arm, winning three straight [[Gold Glove]]s during his prime. From 1975 to 1979, he threw out 72 runners, including 26 in 1977.

==Early life==
Parker grew up in [[Cincinnati]] near [[Crosley Field]], where he learned to play baseball on the stadium's parking lots. His father, Dick Parker, was a shipping clerk in a foundry.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19780201&id=NYMqAAAAIBAJ&pg=3299,109912 | title=The Pittsburgh Press - Google News Archive Search}}</ref> Dave Parker attended Courter Tech High School. He has said his favorite sport was football, and he starred at tailback but injured a knee in a game during his senior year and gave up the game. Also a baseball star, one of his fondest memories is playing at [[Western Hills High School (Cincinnati, Ohio)|Western Hills High School]] (alma mater of [[Pete Rose]]), where he hit a home run that landed on the roof of a [[Frisch's]] restaurant.<ref name="www2.cincinnati.com">{{cite web |url=http://www2.cincinnati.com/blogs/recruiting/2012/03/09/dave-parker-looking-forward-to-cps-induction/ |title=Dave Parker looking forward to CPS induction &#124; the Recruiting Trail |access-date=2014-03-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006173203/http://www2.cincinnati.com/blogs/recruiting/2012/03/09/dave-parker-looking-forward-to-cps-induction/ |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==Playing career==

===Pittsburgh Pirates===
In 1973, as a member of the Pirates AAA minor league ball team Charleston (WV) Charlies, legend has it that Parker hit a home run that landed on a coal car on a passing train and the ball was later picked up in Columbus, Ohio.<ref>"Parker Excited to Return to Charleston", ''The Charleston Gazette'', May 1, 2009.</ref> 
However, in a 1975 interview, Parker stated, "When I played for Charleston I always had the ambition to hit a home run onto a moving train. I really used to shoot for that. I hit a few on the tracks, but never as a train was going by."<ref>"Parker Has Fond Memories", ''The Charleston Daily Mail'', August 19, 1975.</ref> He began his major league career on July 12, 1973, with the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], for whom he played from 1973 to 1983. His first full season came in 1975, when he led the [[National League (baseball)|National League]] in [[slugging percentage]] (.541) and finished third in NL [[Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award|MVP]] voting.

At the 1977 MLB All-Star Game he became the only player in history to have worn batting helmets from two different teams—neither of them his own—in the same game, wearing a San Diego Padres helmet early on before swapping it out for a Cincinnati Reds one.<ref>Paul Lukas (July 12, 2013) "http://espn.go.com/blog/sweetspot/post/_/id/38106/uni-watch-all-star-helmet-mix-ups"</ref>

In 1977, he was National League batting champion, a feat he repeated in 1978 when he was named the National League MVP. This was in spite of a collision at home plate with [[John Stearns]] during a game against the Mets on June 30, 1978, in which Parker fractured his jaw and cheekbone; he wore a specially constructed facemask in order to minimize his time away from the lineup.<ref>Paul Lukas, [http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=lukas/080724 "Aggh! It's Dave Parker at the plate!,"] [[ESPN]] Page 2, July 29, 2008, accessed March 9, 2009.</ref> The Pirates rewarded him with baseball's first million-dollar-per-year contract.<ref>Derek A. Reveron, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Yn2aYTGaVQsC&dq=Dave+Parker+baseball&pg=PA84 "Dave Parker: Big Man, Big Bat and Baseball's Biggest Salary,"] ''Ebony'' October 1979: "the reported five=year, $5 million contract he agreed to in January."</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iEIDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Dave+Parker+baseball&pg=PA48 "Parker's $5 Million Pact Says He's Baseball's Best,"] ''Jet'' February 22, 1979, p. 48.</ref> The following year, he was an instrumental part of the Pirates' [[1979 World Series|World Series]] championship team.<ref>Dave Parker as told to George Vass, [https://books.google.com/books?id=5zMDAAAAMBAJ&q=The+Game+I%27ll+Never+Forget&pg=PA79 "The Game I'll Never Forget,"] ''Baseball Digest'' April 1985, pp. 79-80: "I've been a big influence in some pennant races. We won the division three years when I was at Pittsburgh ('74, '75 and '79), and we won the World Series in 1979."</ref>

During a game in 1979, a powerful hit he made to right field was very difficult to throw into the infield, because he had "knocked the cover off the ball."  One of the seams on the ball ruptured, making nearly half of the cover come loose.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebaseballzealot.com/hall-of-fame/hof-09-dave-parker |title=H0F '09 Dave Parker |publisher=Thebaseballzealot.com |date=December 9, 2008 |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref>

Pirate fans angered by his million-dollar contract threw "nuts and bolts and bullets and batteries" at him, as pitcher [[Kent Tekulve]] stated. A typo in a news story made it appear they threw car batteries.<ref name=Downey>Mike Downey, [https://books.google.com/books?id=jzQDAAAAMBAJ&q=Dave+Parker+left+his+anger&pg=PA30 "Dave Parker Left His Anger, not His Talent, in Pittsburgh: During his second season in Cincinnati, he produced some big numbers, reminiscent of his happy days with the Pirates,"] ''Baseball Digest'' November 1985, repr. from ''The Los Angeles Times'': pp. 30-31.</ref>

In 1981 at a point in his career when it looked as if he would one day rank among the game's all-time greats, [[Lawrence Ritter]] and [[Donald Honig]] included him in their book ''The 100 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time''.<ref>New York: Crown, {{ISBN|0-517-54300-1}}.</ref> The authors, noting that Parker had succeeded [[Roberto Clemente]] at the position, wrote, "Someone must have a fondness for right field in Pittsburgh."

Parker took after his Pirates teammate [[Willie Stargell]] in warming up in the on-deck circle with a [[sledgehammer]] (when most batters would use a simple lead-weighted bat).<ref>Rushin, Steve. [http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1136759/3/index.htm "Big Brew Ha-ha: Old hands Don Baylor and Dave Parker are showing the Brewers how to stay loose and win,"] ''Sports Illustrated'' (June 11, 1990).</ref>

In the early 1980s,  however, Parker's hitting suffered due to injuries, weight problems and his increasing [[cocaine]] use.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&dat=19850912&id=KZYsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zfsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1255,4884497 "Reds Star Dave Parker Admits Cocaine Use,"] ''Lakeland Ledger'' September 12, 1985: "In his first public admission of drug use, Parker said that he bought cocaine from [Curtis] Strong and used it with him in Pittsburgh and in Philadelphia."</ref> He became one of the central figures in a [[Pittsburgh drug trials|drug scandal]] that spread through the major leagues.

===Later career===
At the end of the [[1983 Pittsburgh Pirates season|1983 season]], Parker became a free agent and signed with the [[Cincinnati Reds]]. In Cincinnati, his hometown, he returned to the form that made him an All-Star in Pittsburgh.<ref name=Downey/> In [[1985 Cincinnati Reds season|1985]], he enjoyed his best season since he won the 1978 MVP with a .312 batting average and 34 home runs; he also led the National League with 125 RBIs, 42 doubles, 80 extra-base hits and 350 total bases. Parker finished second in 1985 MVP voting to [[Willie McGee]]. Parker was also the winner of the league's first-ever [[Home Run Derby]] in 1985.

Following the season, Parker was among several players who testified against a dealer in the [[Pittsburgh drug trials]]. Named as "regular users", Parker and six other players were suspended for the following season. The sentences were commuted, however, in exchange for donating ten percent of their base salaries to drug-related community service, submitting to random drug testing, and contributing 100 hours of drug-related [[community service]].<ref name=Cook>Cook, Ron. [http://www.post-gazette.com/pirates/200009291980bucs3.asp "The Eighties: A terrible time of trial and error,"] ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'' (September 29, 2000).</ref><ref name=Bodley>Bodley, Hal. [https://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/columnist/bodley/2004-03-04-bodley_x.htm "Ueberroth took action in 1986 cocaine scandal,"] ''USA Today'' (March 4, 2004).</ref>

After the [[1987 Cincinnati Reds season|1987 season]], Cincinnati traded Parker to the [[Oakland Athletics]] for [[José Rijo]] and [[Tim Birtsas]]. In Oakland, Parker was able to extend his career by spending most of his time as a [[designated hitter]]. Although injuries and age caught up to him to a degree &ndash; he hit just .257 with 12 homers in 377 at-bats in [[1988 Oakland Athletics season|1988]] and .264 with 22 homers in 553 at-bats in [[1989 Oakland Athletics season|1989]] &ndash; his veteran leadership was a significant factor in the A's consecutive World Series appearances which included another World Series title for Parker 1989, exactly 10 years after his first one with the Pirates in '79.

Parker signed with the [[Milwaukee Brewers]] for the 1990 season and had a solid year as the [[1990 Milwaukee Brewers season|Brewers]]' DH with a .289 average and 21 home runs in 610 at-bats. He was even selected as a reserve for the 1990 All-Star Game. Milwaukee opted for youth however, at the end of the year and traded the aging Parker to the Angels for [[Dante Bichette]].

Parker's last season was 1991. He played for the [[1991 California Angels season|California Angels]] until late in the season before being released. The [[1991 Toronto Blue Jays season|Toronto Blue Jays]] then signed him as insurance for the pennant race, and Parker hit .333 in limited action. Since he was acquired too late in the season, he did not qualify for inclusion on the post-season roster and was unable to play in the [[1991 American League Championship Series|American League Championship Series]] against the [[1991 Minnesota Twins season|Minnesota Twins]], which the Blue Jays lost in five games. Parker retired at end of the season.

==Retirement==
Parker has served as a first-base coach for the [[Anaheim Angels]], a batting coach for the [[St. Louis Cardinals]] in [[1998 St. Louis Cardinals season|1998]], and a special hitting instructor for Pittsburgh. He owned several [[Popeyes Chicken]] franchises in [[Cincinnati, Ohio|Cincinnati]]<ref>{{cite news|author=Jon Newberry|title=Franchise businesses opening doors of opportunity |url=http://cincinnati.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/stories/2007/12/31/story4.html|work=Business Courier of Cincinnati|date=December 28, 2007|access-date=September 15, 2008}}</ref> until selling his interest in them in 2012 after 25 years.<ref name="espn1530.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.espn1530.com/onair/lance-mcalister-7818/former-red-cincinnati-legend-dave-parker-11548469/ |title=About Lance McAlister &#124; Get Articles, Bio & Show Info |publisher=ESPN 1530 |access-date=June 1, 2017}}</ref>

Parker never got more than 24% of votes on Hall of Fame ballots, and his 15-year Baseball Writers' Association of America eligibility was exhausted on the 2011 ballot. He is currently under consideration for the [[Veterans Committee#Modern Baseball (1970–1987)|Modern Baseball]] era committee. Supporters of Parker's Hall of Fame candidacy argue that Parker's involvement with the [[Pittsburgh drug trials]] has contributed to his not being voted into the Hall of Fame, which may have also harmed the candidacies of [[Keith Hernandez]] (who never received more than 10.8% and fell off the writers' ballot on his ninth try) and [[Tim Raines]] (debuted at 24.3%, but was elected on his tenth year on the ballot), serving as a precursor to those listed on the [[Mitchell Report]] not being voted into the Hall of Fame due to [[Banned substances in baseball in the United States|steroid abuse]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sportingnews.com/mlb/story/2013-01-09/baseball-hall-of-fame-vote-results-bonds-clemens-peds-biggio-morris |title=Baseball Hall of Fame 2013 vote: No candidate elected by BBWAA &#124; MLB |publisher=Sporting News |date=January 9, 2013 |access-date=June 1, 2017 |archive-date=September 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925053604/http://www.sportingnews.com/mlb/story/2013-01-09/baseball-hall-of-fame-vote-results-bonds-clemens-peds-biggio-morris |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Langosch |first=Jenifer |url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20101118&content_id=16154154&vkey=news_mlb&c_id=mlb |title=Dave Parker gets final shot at Hall of Fame &#124; MLB.com |publisher=Mlb.mlb.com |access-date=June 1, 2017}}</ref> Critics say that Parker's stats fall short of accepted standards of inclusion in the Hall. While Raines became a cause célèbre among the sabermetric community which pushed for his election, Parker does not fare as well when using advanced stats.

Parker has had both of his knees replaced due to injuries from his playing career.<ref>[[KICU]] telecast, Oakland A's vs Chicago White Sox, August 17, 2008, per [[Dave Henderson]]</ref> In 2013, he confirmed to the ''[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]'' that he had been diagnosed with [[Parkinson's disease]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/9542746/pittsburgh-pirates-great-dave-parker-battling-parkinson-disease-report-says |title=Dave Parker says he has Parkinson's|work=ESPN |date=6 August 2013 |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref> He is involved in raising money to find a cure for Parkinson's disease through the Dave Parker 39 Foundation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mlb.com/news/dave-parker-doesnt-let-parkinsons-stop-him/c-221635114|title='Cobra' not letting Parkinson's hold him back|first=Bill|last=Ladson|date=March 30, 2017|access-date=July 18, 2018|work=[[MLB.com]]}}</ref>

Parker has six children. He currently{{when|date=July 2021}} resides in [[Loveland, Ohio]], near Cincinnati, with his wife, Kellye.<ref name="www2.cincinnati.com"/><ref name="espn1530.com"/>

Parker was elected to the Reds Hall of Fame Class of 2014, which also included fellow Cincinnati natives [[Ron Oester]] and [[Ken Griffey Jr.]]<ref>{{cite press release| url=http://cincinnati.reds.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20131203&content_id=64366744&vkey=pr_cin&c_id=cin |title=Reds Hall of Fame Announces Class of 2014 &#124; MLB.com |publisher=Cincinnati Reds |access-date=June 1, 2017}}</ref> In 2012, he was inducted into the Cincinnati Public Schools Athletic Hall of Fame.<ref name="www2.cincinnati.com"/> On September 3, 2022, he was inducted into the Pittsburgh Pirates Hall of Fame as part of its inaugural class.

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|Baseball}}
{{div col}}
* [[List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball career doubles leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball batting champions]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball annual doubles leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball career total bases leaders]]
* [[List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches]]
* [[List of sportspeople sanctioned for doping offences]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Baseballstats|mlb=|espn=|br=p/parkeda01|fangraphs=1010000|brm=parker003dav|retro=Pparkd001}}, or [http://lesterslegends.com/?p=348 Lesters Legends] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103233401/http://lesterslegends.com/?p=348 |date=January 3, 2010 }}, or [https://www.pelotabinaria.com.ve/beisbol/mostrar.php?ID=parkdav001 Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League)]
:

{{s-start-collapsible|header={{s-ach}}}}
{{succession box|before=[[Pete Rose]]<br>[[Dale Murphy]]|title=[[MLB Player of the Month|National League Player of the Month]]|years=August & September 1978<br>May 1985|after=[[George Foster (baseball)|George Foster]]<br>[[Pedro Guerrero (baseball, born 1956)|Pedro Guerrero]]}}
{{succession box|title=[[Anaheim Angels]] First Base Coach|before=[[Bill Lachemann]]|years=[[1997 Anaheim Angels season|1997]]|after=[[George Hendrick]]}}
{{Succession box|title=[[List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches|St. Louis Cardinals Hitting Coach]]  | before=[[George Hendrick]] |years=[[1998 St. Louis Cardinals season|1998]] | after=[[Mike Easler]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{1979 Pittsburgh Pirates}}
{{1989 Oakland Athletics}}
{{NL MVPs}}
{{NL batting title}}
{{NL RBI champions}}
{{NL OF Silver Slugger Award}}
{{AL DH Silver Slugger Award}}
{{NL OF Gold Glove Award}}
{{Edgar Martínez Award}}
{{Major League Baseball All-Star Game MVPs}}
{{Home Run Derby champions}}
{{Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame}}
{{Pittsburgh Pirates Hall of Fame}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parker, Dave}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:African-American baseball coaches]]
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