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{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|Austronesian language spoken in Vanuatu}}
{{Distinguish|Doric Greek|Doric dialect (Scotland)}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Dorig
|nativename=Dōrig
|pronunciation={{IPA-xx|ⁿdʊˈriɣ|}}
|states=[[Vanuatu]]
|region=[[Gaua]]
|speakers=300
|date=2012
|ref=<ref>[[#AF-diversity|François (2012)]]: 88).</ref>
|familycolor=Austronesian
|fam2=[[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]]
|fam3=[[Oceanic languages|Oceanic]]
|fam4=[[Southern Oceanic languages|Southern Oceanic]]
|fam5=[[North-Central Vanuatu languages|North-Central Vanuatu]]
|fam6=[[North Vanuatu languages|North Vanuatu]]
|fam7=[[Torres–Banks languages|Torres-Banks]]
|iso3=wwo
|glotto=weta1242
|glottorefname=Dorig
|map             = Lang Status 60-DE.svg
|mapcaption      = {{center|{{small|Dorig is classified as Definitely Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] [[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]}}}}
}}

'''Dorig''' <small>(formerly called ''Wetamut'')</small> is a [[Endangered language|threatened]] [[Oceanic languages|Oceanic language]] spoken on [[Gaua|Gaua island]] in [[Vanuatu]].

The language’s 300 speakers live mostly in the village of [[Dorig (Vanuatu)|Dorig]] ({{IPA-all|ⁿdʊˈriɰ}}), on the south coast of Gaua. Smaller speaker communities can be found in the villages of Qteon (east coast) and Qtevut (west coast).

Dorig's immediate neighbours are [[Koro language (Vanuatu)|Koro]] and [[Mwerlap language|Mwerlap]].<ref>[http://alex.francois.free.fr/AF-field.htm#Vanuatu List of Banks islands languages].</ref>

==Name==
The name ''Dorig'' is derived from the name of [[Dorig (Vanuatu)|the village where it is spoken]].

==Phonology==
Dorig has 8 [[phoneme|phonemic]] vowels. These include 7 short [[monophthong]]s {{IPA|/i ɪ ɛ a ɔ ʊ u/}} and one long vowel {{IPA|/aː/}}.<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|François|2005|p=445}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Dorig vowels
|-
! &nbsp; !! [[Front vowel|Front]] !! [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPA link|i}} {{angbr|i}}
| {{IPA link|u}} {{angbr|u}}
|-
! [[near-close vowel|Near-close]]
| {{IPA link|ɪ}} {{angbr|ē}}
| {{IPA link|ʊ}} {{angbr|ō}}
|-
! [[open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| {{IPA link|ɛ}} {{angbr|e}}
| {{IPA link|ɔ}} {{angbr|o}}
|-
! [[open vowel|Open]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA link|a}} {{angbr|a}}, {{IPA link|aː}} {{angbr|ā}}
|}
Dorig has 15 consonant phonemes.<ref>[[#pangloss|François (2022)]].</ref><ref>{{Harvcoltxt|François|2010|p=396}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Dorig consonants
!
![[Labial–velar consonant|Labiovelar]]
![[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
|-
![[Stop consonant|Voiceless stop]]
|{{IPA link|k͡p}}{{IPA link|ʷ}} {{angbr|q}}
|
|{{IPA link|t}} {{angbr|t}}
|{{IPA link|k}} {{angbr|k}}
|-
![[Prenasalized stop]]
|
|{{IPA link|ᵐb}} {{Angbr|b}}
|{{IPA link|ⁿd}} {{Angbr|d}}
|
|-
![[Nasalization|Nasal]]
|{{IPA link|ŋ͡m}}{{IPA link|ʷ}} {{angbr|m̄}}
|{{IPA link|m}} {{angbr|m}}
|{{IPA link|n}} {{angbr|n}}
|{{IPA link|ŋ}} {{angbr|n̄}}
|-
![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|
|{{IPA link|β}} ~ {{IPA link|ɸ}} {{angbr|v}}
|{{IPA link|s}} {{angbr|s}}
|{{IPA link|ɣ}} {{angbr|g}}
|-
![[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|r}} {{angbr|r}}
|
|-
![[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|l}} {{angbr|l}}
|
|-
![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|{{IPA link|w}} {{angbr|w}}
|
|
|
|}
The [[phonotactics|phonotactic]] template for a [[syllable]] in Dorig is: {{IPA|/CCVC/}} — e.g. {{IPA|/rk͡pʷa/}} ‘woman’ (< ''*rVᵐbʷai''); {{IPA|/ŋ͡mʷsar/}} ‘poor’ (< ''*mʷasara''); {{IPA|/wrɪt/}} ‘octopus’ (< ''*ɣurita''). Remarkably, the consonant clusters of these /CCVC/ syllables are not constrained by the [[Sonority Sequencing Principle]]. Historically, these /CCVC/ syllables reflect former trisyllabic, [[paroxytone]] words */CVˈCVCV/, after [[Elision|deletion]] of the two unstressed vowels:<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|François|2010|p=407}}</ref> e.g. [[Proto-Oceanic language|POc.]] ''*kuRíta'' ‘octopus’ > ''*wərítə'' > {{IPA|/wrɪt/}}.

==Grammar==
The system of [[personal pronoun]]s in Dorig contrasts [[clusivity]], and distinguishes four [[Grammatical number|numbers]] (singular, [[Dual number|dual]], [[Trial number|trial]], plural).<ref>[[#pronouns|François (2016)]].</ref>

Spatial reference is based on a system of geocentric ([[Linguistic frame of reference#Absolute frame of reference|absolute]]) directionals, which is typical of [[Oceanic languages]].<ref>[[#updown|François (2015)]].</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2|}}

==Bibliography==
*{{citation
|doi=10.1353/ol.2005.0034
|last=François
|first=Alexandre
|author-link = Alexandre François (linguist)
|year=2005
|title=Unraveling the history of the vowels of seventeen northern Vanuatu languages
|journal=Oceanic Linguistics
|volume=44
|issue=2
|pages=443–504
|s2cid=131668754
|url=http://alex.francois.online.fr/data/AlexFrancois_VowelsNorthernVanuatu_OL44-2.pdf
}}
*{{citation
|doi=10.1017/s0952675710000205
|last=François
|first=Alexandre
 |author-mask= 2
|year=2010
|title=Phonotactics and the prestopped velar lateral of Hiw: Resolving the ambiguity of a complex segment
|journal=Phonology
|volume=27
|issue=3
|pages=393–434
|url=http://alex.francois.online.fr/data/AlexFrancois_Hiw-lateral_Phonology_published.pdf
}}
* {{citation
|last=François
|first=Alexandre
 |author-mask= 2
|year=2011
|title=Social ecology and language history in the northern Vanuatu linkage: A tale of divergence and convergence
|journal=Journal of Historical Linguistics
|volume=1
|issue=2
|pages=175–246
|doi=10.1075/jhl.1.2.03fra
|url=http://alex.francois.online.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2011_JHL1-2_Social-ecology_Vanuatu.pdf
|ref=ecology
|hdl=1885/29283
|hdl-access=free
}}.
*{{citation
|last=François
|first=Alexandre
 |author-mask= 2
|year=2012
|title=The dynamics of linguistic diversity: Egalitarian multilingualism and power imbalance among northern Vanuatu languages
|journal=International Journal of the Sociology of Language
|volume=2012
|issue=214
|doi=10.1515/ijsl-2012-0022
|pages=85–110
|s2cid=145208588
|url=http://alex.francois.online.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2012_NorthVanuatuSocioling_IJSL.pdf
|ref=AF-diversity
}}
* {{Cite book
 | publisher = Asia-Pacific Linguistics
 | isbn = 978-1-922185-23-5
 | pages = 137–195
 |editor= Alexandre François |editor2=Sébastien Lacrampe |editor3=Michael Franjieh |editor4=Stefan Schnell
 | last = François
 | first = Alexandre
 |author-mask= 2
 | title = The languages of Vanuatu: Unity and diversity
 | chapter = The ins and outs of ''up'' and ''down'': Disentangling the nine geocentric space systems of Torres and Banks languages
 | location = Canberra
 | series = Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia
 | url = http://hdl.handle.net/1885/14819
 | contribution-url= http://alex.francois.online.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2015_North-Vanuatu-space-directionals.pdf
 | date = 2015
 | hdl = 1885/14819
 | ref = updown }}
*{{citation
|last=François
|first=Alexandre
 |author-mask= 2
|year=2016
|contribution = The historical morphology of personal pronouns in northern Vanuatu
|editor1-last = Pozdniakov
|editor1-first = Konstantin
|title = Comparatisme et reconstruction : tendances actuelles
|volume = 47
|pages = 25–60
|publisher = Peter Lang
|place = Bern
|series = Faits de Langues
|contribution-url= http://alex.francois.online.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2016_History-personal-pronouns_north-Vanuatu_s.pdf
|ref=pronouns
}}
* {{cite web
 |url=https://pangloss.cnrs.fr/corpus/Dorig?lang=en&mode=pro&seeMore=true
 |title=Presentation of the Dorig language, and audio archive
 |last=François
 |first=Alexandre
 |author-mask= 2
 |date=2022
 |website=[[Pangloss Collection]]
 |location=Paris
 |publisher=CNRS
 |access-date=28 Sep 2022
 |quote=
 |ref=pangloss}}

==External links==
* [http://alex.francois.free.fr/AlexFrancois_Torba-languages_map-e.htm Linguistic map of north Vanuatu, showing range of Dorig on Gaua].
* [https://pangloss.cnrs.fr/corpus/Dorig?lang=en&mode=pro Audio recordings in Dorig language], in open access, by [[Alexandre François|A. François]] <small>(source: ''[[Pangloss Collection]]'')</small>.
* [http://alex.francois.free.fr/AFtxt_drg-pixies_e.htm A story in Dorig, with audio recording and translation].

{{Languages of Vanuatu}}
{{Southern Oceanic languages}}
{{Austronesian languages}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dorig Language}}
[[Category:Languages of Vanuatu]]
[[Category:Banks–Torres languages]]
[[Category:Torba Province]]
[[Category:Definitely endangered languages]]

{{Vanuatu-stub}}
{{SOceanic-lang-stub}}
{{Навигационная таблица/Портал/Английская Википедия}}
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