Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Dubrovnik chess set

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|1950 chess set design}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2014}}
[[File:Dubrovnik chess set.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A 2014 [[House of Staunton]] Dubrovnik chess set]]
The  '''Dubrovnik chess set''' is a style of [[chess piece]]s influenced by the [[Staunton chess set]] and used to play the game of [[chess]].<ref name="NOJ">[https://www.noj.si/?mod=catalog&action=productDetails&ID=12 NOJ – Dubrovnik chess set]</ref> These chessmen are considered to have significant historical importance and are regarded as a timeless [[design classic]].<ref name="NOJ" /> Over the decades several variants of the Dubrovnik chessmen were designed.<ref name="NOJ" /> 

==1950 Dubrovnik chess set==

The [[9th Chess Olympiad]] was organized by the [[Fédération Internationale des Échecs|FIDE]] and the government of [[Yugoslavia]], supported by [[Josip Broz Tito]].<ref name="BillWall">[http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lab/7378/dubrovnk.htm Bill Wall – Dubrovnik Chess Olympiad 1950] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804004704/http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lab/7378/dubrovnk.htm |date=August 4, 2014 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.dubrovnikchessmen.com/IX-chess-olympiad-dubrovnik.html DubrovnikChessmen.com - IX Chess Olympiad]</ref> The Olympiad was held in [[Dubrovnik]], [[SR Croatia]], [[Yugoslavia]] (now in [[Croatia]]) between August 20 and September 11, 1950.<ref name="NOJ" /> Chess is a significant part of the culture in Dubrovnik being first documented in 1422.<ref name="BillWall" />  The Olympiad had 84 [[chess]] players representing 16 nations who played a total of 480 games.<ref name="NOJ" /> The Yugoslav team won the gold medal, [[Argentina]] silver and [[West Germany]] bronze.<ref name="NOJ" />

In 1949 the Olympiad management requisitioned a new style of chessmen. Painter and sculptor P. Poček was contracted to [[Product design|design]] the Olympiad chessmen.<ref name=BCE1>[http://bestchessmenever.com/blog/files/the-dubrovnik-chess-set.html 1950 Dubrovnik chess set details]</ref> The pieces were made in Subozan in [[Subotica|Subotica, Yugoslavia]].

The 1950 Dubrovnik chess set was designed without [[religious symbol]]s. The pieces were designed for play with wide bases requiring a minimum of {{convert|55|mm|in}} [[chessboard]] squares. They had green felted sliders and were not weighted.<ref name=BCE1 /> The [[chess box]] was felted with a metallic badge on the inside of the box with the inscription "IX. šah olimpijada Dubrovnik, Jugoslavija."<ref name=BCE1 /> The box was unusually large, featuring {{convert|60|mm|in}} squares. Approximately 50 chess sets were made with original sets being very rare if not impossible to locate or buy.<ref name=BCE1 />

In a radio interview [[Bobby Fischer]] stated: "This [1950 Dubrovnik chess set] is the best set I have ever played on.<ref>[https://www.dubrovnikchessmen.com/bobby-fischer.html DubrovnikChess.com - Bobby Fischer]</ref>  It is marvellous. I don't have it."<ref name="NOJ5">[https://www.noj.si/?mod=gallery&id=23 1950 Dubrovnik - Radio interview with Bobby Fischer]</ref> A chess collector provided a chess set after Fischer requested it for the [[Fischer–Spassky (1992 match)|1992 Fischer–Spassky]] rematch held at [[Sveti Stefan]].<ref name=BCE1 /><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gs1g2FNnkM4 VIDEO: 1992 Fischer-Spassky Dubrovnik chess set - one]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VwXQnwsM6lw VIDEO: 1992 Fischer-Spassky Dubrovnik chess set - two]</ref>

==Variants==
The Dubrovnik design has influenced the creation of several chess set variants with a variety of names, including but not limited to, ''Zagreb'' and ''Yugoslavia''.<ref name=BCE1/> These variant chess sets often have opposite coloured finials on the kings and queens, while the original Dubrovnik had opposite coloured finials for the bishops. In addition, the chess sets use different specifications from the Dubrovnik.

In the 1960s a redesigned version by  [[Andrija Maurović]], a famous [[Croats|Croat]] [[cartoonist]], writer and chess player was created and produced in the workshop of master craftsman Jakopović in Zagreb. Bobby Fischer was often filmed and photographed with his own 1970 Dubrovnik chess set that was later stolen. The most obvious changes in design can be observed in the knights with simplified carving, and the queens had only five cuts in the crown as opposed to the original eleven.

== 1970 Variants ==

The initial 1950 Dubrovnik chess pieces lacked certain details like a cross finial atop the King and a miter in the Bishops; they were purposefully crafted for tournament endurance, featuring broader and sturdier bases. The Dubrovnik chess set underwent a redesign for the [[19th Chess Olympiad]] held at Siegen, West Germany, in 1970. This tournament gained fame for the showdown between [[Boris Spassky]] and Bobby Fischer, laying the groundwork for Fischer's 1972 World Championship match against Spassky. The 1970 rendition of the Dubrovnik chessmen refined the Knight's design and streamlined the overall appearance, resulting in a sleeker aesthetic. Fischer has been widely photographed and recorded playing with his 1970s-era Dubrovnik set, notably captured in the HBO documentary [[Bobby Fischer Against the World]].

==Modern-day manufacturers==
Due to the continuing popularity of the 1950 Dubrovnik chess sets, the [[replica]] plastic versions of the chess sets are the most popular in [[Eastern Europe]], even though they are of low quality.<ref>[http://vimeo.com/76226091 Plastic Dubrovnik chess set]</ref>  

Gregor Novak of Noj. Ltd makes by hand and offers for sale an exact replica from wood of both the 1950 Dubrovnik chess set<ref>[https://www.noj.si/?mod=catalog&action=productDetails&ID=181 NOJ - 1950 Dubrovnik chess set]</ref> and the 1970 Dubrovnik chess set.<ref>[https://www.noj.si/?mod=catalog&action=productDetails&ID=12 NOJ - 1970 Dubrovnik chess set]</ref>

Chess Bazaar of India also offers two different variants of 1970 Dubrovnik reproduction in a variety of woods.

Since 2014, the [[House of Staunton]] has offered a replica in wood of one of the 1970 Dubrovnik chess sets that were available at that time.<ref>[http://www.houseofstaunton.com/ HOS - Dubrovnik chess set]</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Chess|Croatia}}
*[[Makonde chess set]]
*[[Selenus chess set]]
*[[Staunton chess set]]

==External links==
* [https://www.dubrovnikchessmen.com/chessmen-design-evolution.html History of Dubrovnik Chessmen Design]

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:1950 Dubrovnik Kings with Staunton.JPG  | 1950 Dubrovnik kings with Staunton kings side by side (from left: Dubrovnik, Staunton, Dubrovnik, Staunton). 
File:1950 Dubrovnik Bishops with Staunton.JPG | 1950 Dubrovnik bishops with Staunton bishops side by side (from left: Dubrovnik, Staunton, Dubrovnik, Staunton). 
File:1950 Dubrovnik Knights with Staunton.JPG | 1950 Dubrovnik knights with Staunton knights side by side (from left: Dubrovnik, Staunton, Dubrovnik, Staunton). 
File:1950 Dubrovnik Pawns Rooks Queens with Stauntons.JPG | 1950 Dubrovnik pawns, rooks, and queens with Staunton pieces side by side (clockwise from top left: Staunton queen, Dubrovnik queen, Dubrovnik rook, Staunton rook, Staunton pawn, Dubrovnik pawn). 
File:1950 Dubrovnik Chess Set.JPG | 1950 Dubrovnik Chess Set manufactured 2015 by Chess Bazaar of India.<ref>The Reproduction 1950 Dubrovnik Bobby Fischer Chess Set in Sheesham / Box Wood - 3.6" King</ref>
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

{{Chess piece}}
{{chess}}

[[Category:Chess sets]]
[[Category:Dubrovnik|Chess set]]
[[Category:1950 in chess]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 1950]]
[[Category:1970 in chess]]
[[Category:Products introduced in 1970]]
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