Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Edward Stratemeyer

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|American book packager, publisher and writer (1862–1930)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox writer
| birth_name   = Edward L. Stratemeyer
| image        =Edward L. Stratemeyer, c.1894.jpg
| alt          = 
| pseudonym    = [[Victor Appleton]], Ralph Bonehill, [[Franklin W. Dixon]], [[Laura Lee Hope]], [[Carolyn Keene]], [[Roy Rockwood]] and [[Arthur M. Winfield]] 
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1862|10|04}}
| birth_place   = [[Elizabeth, New Jersey]], United States
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1930|05|10|1862|10|04}}
| death_place   = [[Newark, New Jersey]], United States
| resting_place = [[Evergreen Cemetery, Hillside]], [[New Jersey]], United States
| resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|40.6925|-74.211|region:US-NJ_type:landmark}}
| occupation   = Publisher, writer
| nationality  = American
| ethnicity    = 
| alma_mater   = 
| period       = 
| genre        = Adventure, mystery, science fiction
| subject      = 
| movement     = 
| notableworks = Creator of the [[book series]]:<br />{{•}}''[[Bobbsey Twins|The Bobbsey Twins]]''<br />{{•}}''[[Bomba, the Jungle Boy]]''<br />{{•}}''[[The Colonial Series]]''<br />{{•}}''[[The Dana Girls]]''<br />{{•}}''[[Dave Dashaway]]''<br />{{•}}''[[Don Sturdy]]''<br />{{•}}''[[The Hardy Boys]]''<br />{{•}}''[[Jack Ranger]]''<br />{{•}}''[[Nancy Drew]]''<br />{{•}}''[[Rover Boys|The Rover Boys]]''<br />{{•}}''[[Tom Swift]]''
| spouse       = {{marriage|Magdalena Van Camp|1891}}
| children     = 2, including [[Harriet Adams|Harriet]]
| relatives    = 
| influences   = 
| influenced   = 
| awards       = 
| signature    = 
| signature_alt = 
| portaldisp   = 
}}

'''Edward L. Stratemeyer''' ({{IPA-cen|ˈ|s|t|r|æ|t|ə|ˌ|m|aɪ|ər}};<ref>{{Cite web|last=CBS Sunday Morning|title=Nancy Drew turns 50|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeKEQAO_2FU&t=37s|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923103901/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeKEQAO_2FU&t=37s|archive-date=September 23, 2022|date=2016-09-23|access-date=2022-09-23|website=YouTube}}</ref> October 4, 1862&nbsp;– May 10, 1930) was an American publisher, writer of [[children's fiction]], and founder of the [[Stratemeyer Syndicate]]. He was one of the most prolific writers in the world, producing in excess of 1,300<ref name="Omnibus II 2005 p. 148">Omnibus II (2005). Veritas Press. p. 148.</ref> books himself, selling in excess of 500 million copies.<ref>Omnibus II (2005). Veritas Press, p. 148.</ref> He also created many well-known fictional [[book series]] for [[Minor (law)|juveniles]], including [[The Rover Boys]], [[The Bobbsey Twins]], [[Tom Swift]], [[The Hardy Boys]], and [[Nancy Drew]] series, many of which sold millions of copies and remain in publication. On Stratemeyer's legacy, ''[[Fortune magazine|Fortune]]'' wrote: "As oil had its [[John D. Rockefeller|Rockefeller]], literature had its Stratemeyer."<ref name="lookingglassreview.com">{{cite web|title=Authors and Illustrators Profiles: Edward L. Stratemeyer|url=http://www.lookingglassreview.com/html/edward_stratemeyer.html|website=lookingglassreview.com|access-date=February 9, 2015}}</ref>

==Early life==
Stratemeyer was born the youngest of six children in [[Elizabeth, New Jersey]], to Henry Julius Stratemeyer, a [[tobacconist]], and Anna Siegel. They were both from [[Hanover|Hanover, Germany]], immigrating to the United States in 1837.<ref name="Nancy Drew's Father">{{cite magazine|last1=O'Rourke|first1=Megan|title=Nancy Drew's Father|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2004/11/08/nancy-drews-father|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|access-date=February 8, 2015}}</ref> Although they were German, he and his siblings were educated in English and spoke English to each other.<ref name="Edward Stratemeyer">{{Cite web|url=http://www.immigrantentrepreneurship.org/entry.php?rec=186|title=Edward Stratemeyer|last=Furlong|first=Jennifer|date=August 28, 2014|editor-last=Hoyt|editor-first=Giles R.|website=Immigrant Entrepreneurship|series=Vol. 3|publisher=German Historical Society|access-date=May 31, 2016}}</ref>

Growing up, Edward read the likes of [[Horatio Alger]] and [[William T. Adams]], writers who penned beloved rags-to-riches tales of the hardworking young American. These stories greatly influenced him.<ref name="Edward Stratemeyer" /> As a teenager, Stratemeyer operated his own [[printing press]] in the basement of his father's tobacco shop, distributing flyers and pamphlets among his friends and family. These included stories called ''The Newsboy's Adventure'' and ''The Tale of a Lumberman''. After he graduated from high school, he went to work in his father's store. It wasn't until the age of 26 in 1888 that Stratemeyer sold his first story, ''Victor Horton's Idea'', to the popular children's magazine ''Golden Days'' for $76—over six times the average weekly paycheck at the time.<ref name="Nancy Drew's Father"/><ref name="online-literature.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.online-literature.com/stratemeyer/|title=Edward Stratemeyer – Biography and Works. Search Texts, Read Online. Discuss.|website=online-literature.com|access-date=May 29, 2016}}</ref>

==Career==
Stratemeyer moved to Newark, New Jersey, in 1890 and opened a paper store. He ran his shop while continuing to write stories under pseudonyms. He was able to write for many genres including detective dime novels, westerns, and serials that ran in newspapers.<ref name="online-literature.com"/>

In 1893, Stratemeyer hired the popular [[dime novel|dime-novel]] writer [[Gilbert Patten]], according to Patten's own autobiography, ''Frank Merriwell's 'Father': An Autobiography by Gilbert Patten (Burt L. Standish)'' (U OK Press 1964).[https://www.amazon.com/dp/0806148012/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_awdb_imm_V05KCBJRFP3JQW493F60] Patten writes that he did not like Stratemeyer. (A less-reliable source says that Stratemeyer was hired by Patten to write as an editor for the [[Street & Smith]] publication ''Good News''.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=LrLGfhVum90C&dq=%22Gilbert+Patten%22&pg=PA110 John A. Dinan in ''Sports in the Pulp Magazines''] (via [[Google Books]]). p. 66 (1998).</ref>)

In 1894, he published his first full-length book, ''Richard Dare's Venture'', which was the first in his ''Bound to Succeed'' series. It contained autobiographical content and was similar to Alger's rags-to-riches story formula.<ref name="online-literature.com"/>

In 1899, Horatio Alger wrote Stratemeyer as editor of the ''Good News'', asking him to finish one of his manuscripts. Alger was in poor health at the time. When Alger died later the same year, Stratemeyer continued to edit and finish several of Alger's other books. That same year, after Alger died, Stratemeyer wrote and published [[The Rover Boys]], which became a tremendously popular series in the vein of the classic [[dime novel]]. The Rover Boys was described as "The first highly successful series by Edward Stratemeyer; each volume had a preface from Edward Stratemeyer himself, thanking his readers and touting the other books. It's generally accepted that Stratemeyer wrote all of the books." He said this series was his personal favorite.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=Arthur M.|title=The Rover Boys Series for Young Americans|url=http://seriesbooks.info/rover.html|website=seriesbooks.info|access-date=February 8, 2015}}</ref>

Stratemeyer formed the Stratemeyer Syndicate in 1905 and hired journalists to write stories based on his ideas. He paid them a flat rate for each book and kept the copyrights to the novels.

== Personal life ==
Stratemeyer married Magdalena Van Camp, the daughter of a Newark businessman, on March 25, 1891.<ref name="lookingglassreview.com" /> The couple had two daughters: [[Harriet Adams|Harriet Stratemeyer Adams]] (1892–1982) and Edna C. Squier (1895–1974), both of whom would later take over the future [[Stratemeyer Syndicate]].<ref name="Edward Stratemeyer"/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Keeline|first1=James D.|title=Stratemeyer Syndicate pseudonyms Bobbsey Twins, Tom Swift, Hardy Boys, Nancy Drew|url=http://www.trussel.com/books/strat.htm|website=trussel.com|access-date=February 8, 2015}}</ref>

Stratemeyer enjoyed the outdoors and often took annual summer trips to the [[Great Lakes]], [[Lake George (lake), New York|Lake George]], and [[Lake Champlain]] with his family. They traveled as far as the west coast and [[Yosemite National Park|Yosemite]].  A humble man, he never sought public attention and preferred living a private and quiet life with his family at their home on N. 7th Street in the Roseville section of Newark. His relationships with his daughters was described as "warm", and his daughter Harriet recalled that it was a lively atmosphere growing up.<ref name="Edward Stratemeyer"/>

Stratemeyer was a member of the Roseville Athletic Club and the New Jersey Historical Association.

Stratemeyer died at age 67 in [[Newark, New Jersey]] on May 10, 1930, of [[lobar pneumonia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lookingglassreview.com/html/edward_stratemeyer.html|title=Authors and Illustrators Profiles: Edward L. Stratemeyer|website=Lookingglassreview|access-date=February 9, 2015}}</ref> and was buried in [[Evergreen Cemetery, Hillside|Evergreen Cemetery]] in [[Hillside, New Jersey]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=uDfIJt5RFWgC&dq=edward+stratemeyer+evergreen+cemetery&pg=PA5 ''Old Burial Grounds of New Jersey: A Guide'']</ref> On May 12, 1930, two days after his death, the ''New York Times'' reported that his Rover Boys series "had sales exceeding 5,000,000 copies".<ref name="Edward Stratemeyer"/>

==Accomplishments==
Stratemeyer pioneered the [[book packaging|book-packaging]] technique of producing a consistent, long-running series of books using a team of [[freelancer|freelance]] writers. All of the books in the series used the same characters in similar situations. All of the freelance writers, including [[Mildred Benson]], who developed the character of Nancy Drew, were published under a pen name owned by his company.

Through his [[Stratemeyer Syndicate]], founded in 1906, Stratemeyer employed a massive number of editors, [[Copywriting|copy writers]], [[Shorthand|stenographers]], [[Collaborative writing|co-authors]], and [[Secretary|secretaries]]. With their help, he greatly contributed to a new genre of juvenile fiction.<ref name="Omnibus II 2005 p. 148"/> He was responsible for launching several series including<ref name="SS1">{{cite web| last=Andrews|first=Dale| title=The Hardy Boys Mystery | url=http://www.sleuthsayers.org/2013/08/the-hardy-boys-mystery_27.html |work=Children's books |publisher=SleuthSayers| location=Washington| date=August 27, 2013}}</ref>
* (1899) ''[[Rover Boys|The Rover Boys]]''
* (1904) ''[[Bobbsey Twins|The Bobbsey Twins]]''
* (1905) ''Dave Porter''
* (1910) ''[[Tom Swift]]''
* (1912) ''[[Baseball Joe]]''
* (1927) ''[[The Hardy Boys]]''
* (1930) ''[[Nancy Drew]]''
* (1934) ''[[The Dana Girls]]''

==Fictional depictions==
Edward Stratemeyer appears in the television series ''[[The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles]]''. In the series, Stratemeyer is the father of the fictional Nancy Stratemeyer, who dates [[Indiana Jones (character)|Indiana Jones]] in high school. Indiana is shown to be a big fan of Tom Swift, and gives Stratemeyer advice for one of his stories.<ref>{{cite episode |title=Princeton, February 1916 |series=[[The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles]] |network=ABC |date=March 20, 1993 |season=2 |number=6}}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Biography|Children's literature}}

* [[List of children's literature authors]]
* [[List of people from New Jersey]]
* [[List of people from New York City]]
* [[List of publishers]]
{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [[Sandra Tsing Loh|Loh, Sandra Tsing]] (October 2005). [https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200510/nancy-drew "The Secret of the Old Saw{{spaced ndash}}Nancy Drew Has Two Mommies"].  ''[[The Atlantic]]''  Retrieved February 11, 2012. (A book review Melanie Rehak's ''Girl Sleuth: Nancy Drew and the Women Who Created Her''.  Orlando, Florida:  [[Harcourt (publisher)|Harcourt]].
* Rehak, Melanie ''Girl Sleuth: Nancy Drew and the Women Who Created Her'' (2005). Orlando, Florida:  [[Harcourt (publisher)|Harcourt]].  {{ISBN|978-0-15-101041-7}}.)
* {{cite book |title=Scannell's New Jersey's First Citizens and State Guide |year=1918 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a783AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA488 }}

==External links==
{{wikisource|Author:Edward Stratemeyer|Edward Stratemeyer}}
{{commons category}}
* {{LCAuth|n80125963|Edward Stratemeyer||}}
* [http://www.stratemeyer.org Stratemeyer.org], a [[fansite]] on the [[Stratemeyer Syndicate]]
* {{Gutenberg author |id=1626}}
* {{FadedPage|id=Stratemeyer, Edward|name=Edward Stratemeyer|author=yes}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Edward Stratemeyer}}
* {{Librivox author |id=1669|}} (writing as Arthur M. Winfield)
* {{Librivox author |id=3320}} (writing as captain Quincy Allen)
* {{Find a Grave|2950}}

{{Hardy Boys}}
{{Nancy Drew}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stratemeyer, Edward}}
[[Category:Place of death missing]]
[[Category:1862 births]]
[[Category:1930 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:19th-century American novelists]]
[[Category:19th-century publishers (people)]]
[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:20th-century American novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century publishers (people)]]
[[Category:American children's writers]]
[[Category:American crime fiction writers]]
[[Category:American publishers (people)]]
[[Category:American people of German descent]]
[[Category:Burials at Evergreen Cemetery (Hillside, New Jersey)]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from New Jersey]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from New York City]]
[[Category:Writers from Elizabeth, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Pulp fiction writers]]
[[Category:Stratemeyer Syndicate]]
[[Category:Writers from New York City]]
[[Category:American male novelists]]
[[Category:19th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Elizabeth, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Dime novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Novelists from New Jersey]]
[[Category:19th-century pseudonymous writers]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous writers]]
{{Навигационная таблица/Портал/Английская Википедия}}
[[Категория:Английская Википедия]]
[[Категория:Википедия]]
[[Категория:Статья из Википедии]]
[[Категория:Статья из Английской Википедии]]