Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:El Al Flight 432 attack

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|Terrorist attack at Zurich Airport in 1969}}
{{Refimprove|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox Aircraft occurrence
| name            = El Al Flight 432
| occurrence_type = Terrorist Attack
| image           = El Al Boeing 720-058B Volpati.jpg
| image_size      = 220px
| alt             = 
| caption         = The El Al Boeing 720 involved in the terrorist attack
| date            = February 18, 1969
| type            = Terrorist attack
| site            = [[Zurich Airport|Zurich International Airport]] in [[Kloten]], [[Switzerland]]
| coordinates     = 
| aircraft_type   = [[Boeing 720|Boeing 720-058B]]
| aircraft_name   = 
| operator        = [[El Al]]
| tail_number     = 4X-ABB
| origin          = [[Amsterdam]]
| stopover        = [[Zürich]]
| stopover0       = 
| stopover1       = 
| stopover2       = 
| stopover3       = 
| last_stopover   = 
| destination     = [[Tel Aviv]]
| passengers      = 17
| crew            = 11
| injuries        = 6<ref>Ellensburg Daily Record - Feb 18, 1969 [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1X1OAAAAIBAJ&sjid=H0wDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6997,2839671&dq=el+al&hl=en]</ref>
| fatalities      = 1
| survivors       = 16
| missing         = 
| image_upright   = 
}}
{{Campaignbox Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon}}
'''El Al Flight 432''' was a [[Boeing 720|Boeing 720-058B]] (a shortened Boeing 707-120B) that was attacked by a squad of four armed Palestinian militants, members of the Lebanese-based militant organization [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]], while it was preparing for takeoff at the [[Zurich Airport|Zurich International Airport]] in [[Kloten]], [[Switzerland]] on February 18, 1969. The plane, which was on its way from Amsterdam to Tel Aviv via Zürich, was due to take off at Zurich International Airport. Several of the crew members were injured during the attack; one later died of his injuries. The plane was severely damaged. A greater disaster was averted when Mordechai Rahamim, an undercover Israeli security agent stationed on the plane, opened fire at the attackers and killed the terrorist leader.<ref>Samuel M. Katz. Israel versus Jibril: the thirty-year war against a master terrorist. Paragon House, 1993. p.27</ref> Rahamim and the three surviving attackers were arrested and tried by Swiss authorities. The attackers were found guilty and given prison sentences, while Rahamim was acquitted.

== The attack ==
The terrorist cell ambushed the plane which was preparing for takeoff at the [[Zurich Airport|Zurich International Airport]] in [[Kloten]]. During that time the plane had 17 passengers and 11 crew members on board. Leaping out of a vehicle parked near a hangar, two terrorists opened fire with [[AK-47]] assault rifles,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-safest-airline/|title=CBS news: The Safest Airline|website=[[CBS News]]|date=15 January 2002 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.shabak.gov.il/english/heritage/affairs/Pages/Zurich1969.aspx|title=Attack against an El Al plane at Zurich International Airport (1969)|website=Shabak.gov.il}}</ref> and another two tossed incendiary [[grenade]]s as well as [[dynamite]] that failed to explode{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}}. The cockpit and fuselage were hit, seriously wounding several people including co-pilot Yoram Peres, who died of his wounds a month later. The plane's security guard Mordechai Rahamim, a twenty two year old former soldier in the Israeli elite special forces unit [[Sayeret Matkal]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1969/02/24/archive/report-rachamim-admits-being-security-agent-he-faces-possible-20-year-sentence|title=Report Rachamim Admits Being Security Agent; He Faces Possible 20-year Sentence {{!}} Jewish Telegraphic Agency|website=www.jta.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-06|date=1969-02-24}}</ref> ran to the cockpit and fired at the attackers from the window with his Beretta .22 pistol,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> and then jumped out of the plane through the rear emergency slide door and continued the shootout with the attackers. During the shootout, Rahamim killed the squad leader{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}}, and the battle eventually ended when the Swiss security forces arrived at the scene. Rahamim helped the Swiss authorities apprehend the remaining attackers, but was himself arrested, and his weapon confiscated.

== Aftermath ==
Damage to the aircraft was estimated at $100,000.<ref name=":2" />

Rahamim was arrested by the [[Swiss police]], along with the members of the terrorist cell. The terrorists were found to be carrying many weapons and explosives as well as leaflets in German which were intended to be used to explain the goals of the operation to the Swiss people, comparing it to [[William Tell]]'s operations{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}}. During an investigation it became clear that the terrorists came to Switzerland from [[Damascus]], and the weapons and explosives were brought to Switzerland through diplomatic mail of an Arab country{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}}.

During the interrogation Mordechai Rahamim admitted that he worked for Israel's security services. After a month in arrest he was released on bail until the beginning of his trial. Rahamim returned to Israel.{{cn|date=April 2023}}

=== The trial ===
On 27 November 1969, the trial of Rahamim and the three terrorists, Mohamed Abu Al-Haija, Ibrahim Tawfik Youssef and Amina Dahbour, began in [[Winterthur|Winterthur, Switzerland]].{{cn|date=April 2023}} The state of Israel sent the state prosecutor Gabriel Bach to Switzerland to handle the defense of Rahamim. An indictment was filed against the three terrorists which included deliberate homicide of a person. The indictment against Rahamim included two sections: deliberate homicide of a person due to a serious excitement which occurred as a result of circumstances justifying the excitement, and an illegal action on behalf of a foreign country.{{cn|date=April 2023}}

During the trial, Israel was forced to admit for the first time that security personnel accompany Israeli flights, to prevent hijackings and terrorism from happening in the air.{{cn|date=April 2023}}

On 23 December 1969, the trial ended. Rahamim was acquitted on charges of killing the terrorist squad leader and three terrorists were sentenced to twelve years imprisonment and hard labor. They were released a year later, in September 1970, following the [[Dawson's Field hijackings]] by members of a [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine|Palestinian <abbr>terrorist</abbr> organization]] who demanded the release of the imprisoned terrorists.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/6/newsid_2500000/2500667.stm|title=Report: Hundreds held in series of hijacks|date=1970-09-06|website=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/israelundercover00posn|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/israelundercover00posn/page/54 54]|quote=terrorists freed by swiss authorities in exchange for hostages at dawsons field.|title=Israel Undercover|last=Posner|first=Steve|date=November 1987|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=9780815652038|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
[https://www.gettyimages.com/license/575380329 Photo of Mordechai Rahamim at his trial]


{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1969}}
{{Terrorist attacks against Israelis in the 1960s}}
{{Palestinian militancy attacks in the 1960s}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in Switzerland}}
{{coord missing|Switzerland}}

[[Category:El Al accidents and incidents]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Europe in 1969]]
[[Category:1969 murders in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Palestinian terrorist incidents in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Attacks on aircraft by Palestinian militant groups]]
[[Category:February 1969 events in Europe]]
[[Category:December 1969 events in Europe]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 707]]
[[Category:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine attacks]]
[[Category:Dawson's Field hijackings]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Switzerland]]
{{Навигационная таблица/Портал/Английская Википедия}}
[[Категория:Английская Википедия]]
[[Категория:Википедия]]
[[Категория:Статья из Википедии]]
[[Категория:Статья из Английской Википедии]]