Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:El Jadida

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{about|the Moroccan city|the album by Rabih Abou-Khalil|Al-Jadida (album)|the Palestinian town with a similar name|Al-Judeida}}
{{Infobox settlement
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| native_name              = Maziɣen
| other_name               = الجديدة / مازيغن
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| image_caption            = Clockwise from top: the old city walls, a colonial-era building in El Jadida, the [[Portuguese Cistern (Mazagan)|Portuguese cistern]], a market in El Jadida, the gate to the old city
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| population_total         = 220 181
| population_rank          = [[List of cities in Morocco|15th in Morocco]]
| population_as_of         = 2019
| population_footnotes     = <ref name="rgph2014-1" /><ref name="rgph2014-2" /><ref name="rgph2014-3" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://rgph2014.hcp.ma/file/166326/ |title=POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014 |language=ar, fr |publisher=High Commission for Planning, Morocco |date=8 April 2015 |access-date=29 September 2017}}</ref>
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| footnotes                = {{designation list | embed=yes
  | designation1 = WHS
  | designation1_offname = Portuguese City of Mazagan (El Jadida)
  | designation1_date = 2004 <small>(28th [[World Heritage Committee|session]])</small>
  | designation1_type = Cultural
  | designation1_criteria   =ii, iv
  | designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1058 1058]
  | designation1_free1name = Region
  | designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in the Arab States|Arab States]]
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'''El Jadida''' ({{Lang-ar|الجديدة|al-Jadīda}}, {{IPA-ar|ald͡ʒadiːda|}}; originally known in [[Berber language|Berber]] as '''Maziɣen''' or '''Mazighen'''; known in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] as '''Mazagão''') is a major port city on the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] coast of [[Morocco]], located {{convert|96|km}} south of the city of [[Casablanca]], in the province of [[El Jadida (province)|El Jadida]] and the region of [[Casablanca-Settat]].<ref name="region-1" /><ref name="region-2" /> It has a population of 170,956 as of 2023.<ref name="population-2022-1" />{{Unreliable source?|date=July 2023|certain=yes|reason=There is no census in 2023 but the site claims this was counted in 2023, and it said the same number in 2022. Please use census data or provide estimates from a reliable source.}}

The fortified city, built by the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] at the beginning of the 16th century and named Mazagan (''Mazagão'' in Portuguese), was given up by the Portuguese in 1769 and incorporated into Morocco. El Jadida's old city sea walls are one of the [[Seven Wonders of Portuguese Origin in the World]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Morocco |author1=Paula Hardy |author2=Heidi Edsall |author3=Mara Vorhees |year=2005|publisher=Lonely Planet|url=https://archive.org/details/morocco00hard|url-access=registration |quote=El Jadida. |isbn=1-74059-678-1}}</ref> The ''Portuguese Fortified City of Mazagan'' was registered as a [[World Heritage Sites|UNESCO World Heritage Site]] in 2004, on the basis of its status as an "outstanding example of the interchange of influences between European and Moroccan cultures" and as an "early example of the realisation of the Renaissance ideals integrated with Portuguese construction technology". According to UNESCO,<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Portuguese City of Mazagan (El Jadida) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1058 |access-date=2013-02-10 |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> the most important buildings from the Portuguese period are the [[Portuguese Cistern (Mazagan)|cistern]] and the [[Church of the Assumption (El Jadida)|Church of the Assumption]], both in a [[Manueline]] style.<ref name=":2" />

The city is a popular resort and destination for both Moroccan and international tourists.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last1=Gilbert |first1=Sarah |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bIqcEAAAQBAJ&dq=el+jadida+holiday+resort&pg=PT379 |title=Lonely Planet Morocco |last2=Balsam |first2=Joel |last3=Lioy |first3=Stephen |last4=O'Neill |first4=Zora |last5=Parkes |first5=Lorna |last6=Ranger |first6=Helen |last7=d'Arc Taylor |first7=Stephanie |publisher=Lonely Planet |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-83869-255-1 |edition=13th |language=en |chapter=El Jadida}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> An important industrial complex, [[Jorf Lasfar]], lies 20 kilometres to the south.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ACmjCgAAQBAJ&dq=jadida+jorf+lasfar+phosphate&pg=PA159 |title=The Report: Morocco 2014 |publisher=Oxford Business Group |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-910068-05-2 |pages=159 |language=en}}</ref>

== Names ==
The original name of the city in the [[Berber language]] was: Maziɣen '''/''' Mazighen, which means "The Berbers".{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}} El Jadida's other names and nicknames in other languages were: Cap Soleis,<ref name="jadidama-1" /> Portus Rutilis,<ref name="Jmahri-1" /> Rusibis,<ref name="Jmahri-1" /><ref name="Golf-1" /><ref name="Ptolemy-1" /> Mazighen ({{Lang-ar|مازيغن}}),<ref name="Idrisi-1" /><ref name="Ayyadh-1" /><ref name="IbnSaid-1" /><ref name="hesp-1" /> al-Breyja ({{Lang-ar|البريجة}}),<ref name="Jmahri-1" /> Mazagão,<ref name="jadidama-1" /><ref name="Jmahri-1" /> al-Mahdouma ({{Lang-ar|المهدومة}})<ref name="jadidama-1" /> and Mazagan.<ref name="jadidama-1" /><ref name="Jmahri-1" />

==History==
{{see also|Siege of Mazagan (1562)}}
[[File:خريطة مازاغان 1942.jpg|thumb|Map of Mazagan created by the US government in 1942|left]]
Prior to the arrival of the Portuguese, an anchorage used by boats appears to have existed at the current site of El Jadida throughout the Middle Ages and in ancient times.<ref name=":052">{{Cite book |last1=Colin |first1=G.S. |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |last2=Cenival |first2=P. de |publisher=Brill |year=1960–2007 |isbn=9789004161214 |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P. |location= |pages= |chapter=al-D̲j̲adīda |editor-last2=Bianquis |editor-first2=Th. |editor-last3=Bosworth |editor-first3=C.E. |editor-last4=van Donzel |editor-first4=E. |editor-last5=Heinrichs |editor-first5=W.P.}}</ref> The name ''Mazighan'' was first documented by the 11th-century Arab geographer [[al-Bakri]].<ref name=":052" /> In 1502 a Portuguese captain, Jorge de Mello, landed at this location, allgedly driven here by a storm. He and his crew took refuge in an abandoned tower, called ''al-Briya'' or ''al-Burayja,'' to defend themselves against any potential attack by the locals.<ref name=":052" /><ref name=":0" /> After returning to Portugal, he obtained permission from the Portuguese king, [[Manuel I of Portugal|Dom Manuel]], to found a fortress here in 1505, but evidence indicates that he did not carry this out, as when the Portuguese army passed here on their way to conquer [[Azemmour]] in 1513 they found nothing but the old tower.<ref name=":052" />

As Azemmour was difficult to access, the Portuguese returned and built a citadel at the more accessible Mazighan in the summer of 1514.<ref name=":052" /> This citadel was a rectangular building with four towers, one of which was the old tower that already stood here.<ref name=":052" /><ref name=":0" /> The architects were two brothers, Diego and Francisco de Arruda.<ref name=":052" /><ref name=":3" /> The location then became known in the [[Portuguese language]] as ''Mazagão''. During the next few decades the [[Saadi Sultanate|Sa'dids]] rose to power and began expelling the Portuguese from their coastal fortresses, with the most significant event being their [[Fall of Agadir|expulsion from Santa Cruz]] (present-day [[Agadir]]) in 1541. In response, [[John III of Portugal|King João III of Portugal]] ordered the evacuation of Portuguese positions at Azemmour and [[Safi, Morocco|Safi]] and concentrated on building a more defensible position at Mazagão instead.<ref name=":052" /> As a result, the Portuguese fortification was expanded into the larger walled fortress we see today in 1541.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":052" />

The [[Kingdom of Portugal]] would continue to control the city until 1769, when they abandoned Mazagão, their last territory in Morocco. Upon their forced departure, the Portuguese destroyed the Governor's Bastion. Most of the Portuguese inhabitants were sent to the [[Colonial Brazil|colony of Brazil]], where they founded a new settlement called [[Mazagão Velho|''Nova Mazagão'']] (the present [[Mazagão]] in the state of [[Amapá]]).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Mazagão, la ville qui traversa l'Atlantique : du Maroc à l'Amazonie, 1769-1783|last=Jean Duvignaud|first=Laurent Vidal|publisher=Aubier|year=2005|isbn=2-70072360-0|location=Paris|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/luso/15/1/article-p242_31.xml|page=314}}</ref> The city was then taken over by Sultan [[Mohammed ben Abdallah]] in 1769 and remained largely uninhabited, having been dubbed ''al-Mahdouma'' ('The Ruined').<ref name=":0" /> Eventually, Sultan [[Abd al-Rahman of Morocco|Abd al-Rahman]] (r. 1822–1859) ordered that a mosque be built, and the destroyed portions of the city were rebuilt during his reign in the early nineteenth-century.<ref name=":0" /> In 1820 the city was renamed ''al-Jadida'', meaning 'The New'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Sarmento |first=João |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yfUFDAAAQBAJ&dq=el+jadida+tourism&pg=PA128 |title=Fortifications, Post-colonialism and Power: Ruins and Imperial Legacies |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-317-13387-2 |pages=128–133 |language=en}}</ref> The town underwent a revival and soon outgrew Azemmour as the most important city in the area. Alongside the Muslim population was also a community of Jews, who participated in the city's revival.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Tavim |first=Jose Alberto |title=Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World |publisher=Brill |year=2010 |isbn=9789004176782 |editor-last=Stillman |editor-first=Norman A. |language=en |chapter=El Jadida (Mazagan)}}</ref>

At the beginning of the [[French protectorate in Morocco|French Protectorate in Morocco]] (established in 1912), the city was developed as a tourist resort, one of the earliest initiatives to develop modern tourism in Morocco.<ref name=":5" /> By the 1930s it had a casino which was popular with European tourists and colonists.<ref name=":5" /> The importance of the city's port, however, declined as [[Casablanca]] grew into the major port and urban center of the country during this period.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Suárez Bosa |first=Miguel |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ohrxDwAAQBAJ&dq=el+jadida+port+economy&pg=PA99 |title=African Seaports and Maritime Economics in Historical Perspective |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2020 |isbn=978-3-030-41399-6 |editor-last=Olukoju |editor-first=Ayodeji |pages=99 |language=en |chapter=Modernization and Development of the Moroccan Port Model during the French Protectorate (1912–1956) |editor-last2=Hidalgo |editor-first2=Daniel Castillo}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> In the 1980s a large industrial complex, [[Jorf Lasfar]], was developed some 20 kilometres to the south.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last1=Godin |first1=Lucien |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lgNQEAAAQBAJ&dq=el+jadida+port+economy&pg=PT228 |title=The Medina: The Restoration and Conservation of Historic Islamic Cities |last2=Le Bihan |first2=Gérard |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-78672-497-7 |editor-last=Balbo |editor-first=Marcello |language=en |chapter=Moroccan Medinas: Meknes and Azemmour}}</ref> Aided by its [[UNESCO World heritage site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]] designation since 2004, the city continues to be a tourist destination today.<ref name=":5" />

During the [[2023 Marrakesh–Safi earthquake|September 2023 earthquake]] that struck southern Morocco, the historic Portuguese church in the old city was damaged. As of 13 September, cracks were observed in the church's tower and there was a risk of structural collapse.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hamri |first=Salma |date=13 September 2023 |title=27 sites historiques ont été gravement endommagés par le séisme du 8 septembre selon un premier constat |url=https://medias24.com/2023/09/11/27-sites-historiques-ont-ete-gravement-endommages-par-le-seisme-du-8-septembre/ |access-date=15 September 2023 |website=Médias24 |language=fr}}</ref>

==Landmarks==
[[File:El Jadida DSCF8913.jpg|thumb|The walls of Mazagan, with the sea gate visible in the middle left]]

===Fortress of Mazagan===
The design of the Fortress of Mazagan is a response to the development of modern artillery in the Renaissance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1058rev.pdf |title=Portuguese City of Mazagan (El Jadida) - UNESCO Advisory Body Evaluation |access-date=2013-02-10}}</ref> The star form of the fortress measures ''c'' 250m by 300m.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DGPC {{!}} Cidade Portuguesa de Mazagão (El Jadida)|url=http://www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt/pt/patrimonio/patrimonio-mundial/origem-portuguesa/cidade-portuguesa-de-mazagao-el-jadida/|access-date=2020-12-07|website=www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt}}</ref> The slightly inclined, massive walls are ''c'' 8m high on average, with a thickness of 10m, enclosing a patrolling peripheral walkway 2m wide. At the present time the fortification has four bastions: the Angel Bastion in the east, St Sebastian in the north, St Antoine in the west, and the Holy Ghost Bastion in the south. The fifth, the Governor's Bastion at the main entrance, is in ruins, having been destroyed by the Portuguese in 1769. Numerous colonial-era Portuguese cannons are still positioned on top of the bastions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fortress of Mazagan |url=http://www.starforts.com/mazagan.html |website=Starforts |access-date=May 25, 2020}}</ref>

The fort had three gates: the Seagate, forming a small port with the north-east rampart, the Bull Gate in the north-west rampart, and the main entrance with a double arch in the centre of the south rampart, originally connected to land via a drawbridge. A ditch, ''c'' 20m wide and 3m deep, formerly filled with seawater, surrounded the fort. During the time of the [[French protectorate in Morocco|French Protectorate]] the ditch was filled in with earth and a new entrance gate was opened leading to the main street, the Rua da Carreira, and to the Seagate.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}} Along this street are situated the best preserved historic buildings, including the Catholic Church of the Assumption and the [[Portuguese Cistern (Mazagan)|Portuguese cistern]].

==== The Citadel ====
[[File:El Jadida DSCF9091.jpg|thumb|[[Portuguese Cistern (Mazagan)|Portuguese cistern]] under the citadel of Mazagan, in [[Manueline]] style]]
The Citadel, located at the heart of the walled city, was the first permanent Portuguese construction on this site in 1514. It is a building with a rectangular floor plan measuring about {{Convert|47 by 56|m|ft}}, with three major rooms around a central space and four towers (one at each corner).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://whc.unesco.org/document/168852 |title=Proposition d'inscription de biens sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial: Cité portugaise Mazagan (El Jadida) |year=2004 |language=fr |type=Nomination text for UNESCO World Heritage List}}</ref> The southern El-Briya Tower (originally known as ''al-Burayja'') was of local, pre-Portuguese origin and it was here that the Portuguese first took refuge when they arrived in 1502.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":052" /> One of the northern towers was later re-purposed as the base of a 19th-century minaret built for the nearby mosque.<ref name=":0" /> The cistern is located beneath the Citadel.

==== Portuguese cistern ====
The semi-subterranean chamber has a roughly square plan measuring around {{Convert|33 to 34|m|ft}} per side, was constructed with five rows of five stone pillars and columns.<ref name=":0" /> The chamber is built in a late [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style known as [[Manueline]], with a [[Vault (architecture)|vaulted]] ceiling of brick masonry and stone [[Rib vault|ribs]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=Portuguese City of Mazagan (El Jadida) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1058/ |access-date=May 25, 2020 |website=Unesco}}</ref> Its original function is not clear. It may have been an armory, barracks,<ref name=":1" /> or granary,<ref name=":052" /> but it is recorded as having been converted into a cistern in 1541.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":052" /> It was designed by an architect named Miguel de Arruda but the construction work was delegated to João de Castilho.<ref name=":1">{{Cite sign |title=La citerne |year= |date=9 June 2015 |type=Information sign |publisher= |location=Posted inside museum, at entrance of cistern |author=}}</ref> A round opening in the center of the chamber served to collect rainwater.<ref name=":0" /> The cistern is famous especially for the thin layer of water that covers the floor and creates fine and ever-changing reflections in the otherwise dark vaulted chamber. Its visual qualities are such that several movies have been filmed within the cavernous space, of which [[Orson Welles]]' ''[[Othello (1952 film)|Othello]]'' is the best known internationally.<ref>{{cite web |title=Portuguese Cistern of El Jadida |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/portuguese-cistern-of-el-jadida |website=Atlas Obscura |access-date=May 25, 2020}}</ref>

==== Churches ====
[[File:El Jadida DSCF8969.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Church of the Assumption (El Jadida)|Church of Our Lady of Assumption]]]]
The [[Church of the Assumption (El Jadida)|Church of Our Lady of the Assumption]], a prominent building located south of the Citadel, was the main [[parish church]] of the Portuguese settlement. It was constructed or begun when the fortress was expanded in 1541. It has a nave, a choir, a sacristy, and a square-shafted bell tower.<ref name=":0" /> At least three other churches existed, though generally only partial remains of them are still present today. Two small churches were adjoined to some of the bastions of the fortress. Another, the Church of Mercy (''Misericórdia'') was part of the Citadel.<ref name=":0" />

==== Synagogues ====
[[File:Mazagan synagogue.jpg|thumb|The Bensimon Synagogue, built along the northeastern ramparts]]
A number of synagogues also existed inside the old city, attesting to the importance of the Jewish community here in the 19th and 20th centuries.<ref name=":0" /> One prominently visible example is the Bensimon Synagogue, inaugurated in 1926 and attached to earlier structures in the northern corner of the former fortress. Its construction was sponsored by four brothers of the Bensimon family: Nessim, Messaoud, Abraham, and Mordechai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choukaili |first=Khadija |date=26 February 2019 |title=El Jadida: Projet de réhabilitation de la synagogue Bensimon |url=https://eljadidascoop.com/el-jadida-projet-de-rehabilitation-de-la-synagogue-bensimon/ |access-date=9 October 2022 |website=El Jadida Scoop |language=fr}}</ref>

=== Museum of Resistance and Independence ===
Located near the beach south of the old city and the port, this museum and exhibition space is dedicated to the memory of Moroccan soldiers and resistance to the French Protectorate regime. It is housed in a 20th-century colonial era building constructed in a "Mauresque" style.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Museum of Resistance And Independence |url=https://www.infostourismemaroc.com/en/monument/museum-of-resistance-and-independence-el-jadida-morocco |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=Morocco Tourism Info |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Jadida a son musée de la Résistance et de l'armée de libération – Mazagan24 – Portail d'El Jadida |url=https://mazagan24.com/2015/09/20/el-jadida-a-son-musee-de-la-resistance-et-de-larmee-de-liberation/,%20https://mazagan24.com/2015/09/20/el-jadida-a-son-musee-de-la-resistance-et-de-larmee-de-liberation/ |access-date=2022-10-09 |language=fr-FR}}</ref>

==Climate==
El Jadida has a [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Csa''). In winter there is more rainfall than in summer. The average annual temperature in El Jadida is {{convert|17.4|°C|1}}. About {{convert|372|mm|2|abbr=on}} of precipitation falls annually.<ref name="clim-1" />

{{Weather box|location = El Jadida
|metric first = Y
|single line  = Y
|width = auto

|Jan high C = 16.8					
|Feb high C = 17.5
|Mar high C = 19.1
|Apr high C = 20.4
|May high C = 22.3
|Jun high C = 24.4
|Jul high C = 26.4
|Aug high C = 27.9
|Sep high C = 25.9
|Oct high C = 24.3
|Nov high C = 20.7
|Dec high C = 18.4

|Jan low C = 7.6									
|Feb low C = 7.7
|Mar low C = 9.3
|Apr low C = 10.9
|May low C = 13.2
|Jun low C = 15.9
|Jul low C = 17.7
|Aug low C = 18.9
|Sep low C = 16.9
|Oct low C = 14.7
|Nov low C = 11.3
|Dec low C = 9.0

|Jan precipitation mm  = 49					
|Feb precipitation mm  = 48
|Mar precipitation mm  = 41
|Apr precipitation mm  = 32
|May precipitation mm  = 16
|Jun precipitation mm  = 4
|Jul precipitation mm  = 0
|Aug precipitation mm  = 1
|Sep precipitation mm  = 7
|Oct precipitation mm  = 34
|Nov precipitation mm  = 66
|Dec precipitation mm  = 74
|year precipitation mm = 372

|source = {{URL|climate-data.org}}
|date   = 18 January 2018}}

== Economy ==
The city is a significant tourism destination thanks in part to its UNESCO-recognized historic heritage.<ref name=":5" /> A large five-star resort, the Mazagan Beach Resort, was opened in 2009 besides the nearby town of Azemmour, named in reference to the historic Portuguese fort. The resort was part of a wider strategy launched in 2001 by King [[Mohammed VI of Morocco|Mohammed VI]] to boost tourism in Morocco by creating, with the help of foreign investors,<ref name=":5" /> large coastal resorts in El Jadida, [[Essaouira]], [[Saïdia]], and other cities on the Moroccan coast.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fs0Fog7XneUC&dq=el+jadida+economy+holiday+resort&pg=PA173 |title=The Report: Morocco 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-907065-54-5 |pages=173 |language=en}}</ref> The city is also a popular summer holiday resort for Moroccan families.<ref name=":4" />

Since the 1980s the city's economy has benefited<ref name=":8" /> from the large industrial complex at Jorf Lasfar, located some 20 kilometres to the south.<ref name=":6" /> The complex, managed by the ''Office Chérifien du Phosphore'', is the main processing center for the region's [[phosphate]] reserves and its port is used for exporting its related products.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l7XZyZLOAWUC&dq=jadida+jorf+lasfar+phosphate&pg=PA15 |title=Information Circular |date=1984 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines |pages=15 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Weiss |first=Walter M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVcrDwAAQBAJ&dq=jadida+jorf+lasfar+phosphate&pg=PT49 |title=Morocco: In the Labyrinth of Dreams and Bazaars |publisher=Haus Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-909961-32-6 |language=en}}</ref> It also serves as a base for other industries.<ref name=":6" />

==Education==
The city houses many post-secondary academic institutions:

[[Chouaib Doukkali University]],<ref name="qrayti-1" /><ref name="ucd-1" /> including the following institutions:
*Faculty of Science<ref name="scienc-1" />
*Faculty of Letters and Humanities<ref name="lettr-1" />
*Faculty of Juridical, Economic and Social Sciences<ref name="jurid-1" />
*[[École nationale des sciences appliquées d'El Jadida|National School of Applied Sciences]] (ENSA)<ref name="ensa-1" />
*National School of Business and Management (ENCG)<ref name="encg-1" />
*Superior School of Technology (EST) - Sidi Bennour<ref name="est-1" /> (Outside El Jadida)

Office of Vocational Training and Promotion of Labor (OFPPT),<ref name="ofppt-1" /> including the following institutions:
*Professional Qualification Center (CQP)<ref name="CQP-1" />
*Specialized Institute of Applied Technology (ISTA) - Al-Massira<ref name="ista-mass-1" />
*Specialized Institute of Applied Technology (ISTA) - City-of-the-Air<ref name="ista-air-1" />
*Specialized Institute of Hotel and Tourism Technology (ITHT) - El jadida<ref name="istht-1" /> 
*Specialized Institute of Hotel and Tourism Technology (ITHT) - Al Haouzia<ref name="istht-1" /> 
Others:
*Regional Centers for the Professions of Education and Training (CRMEF)<ref name="crmef-1" />
*Section of "Higher Technician Certificate" (BTS) (at ar-Razi Technical High-School)<ref name="razi-bts-1" />
*Section of "Preparatory Classes for Great Schools" (CPGE) (at ar-Razi Technical High-School)<ref name="razi-cpge-1" />
*Higher Institute of Engineering and Business (ISGA)<ref name="isga-1" /> (private)

== Sports ==
The main football club of the city is [[Difaâ Hassani El Jadidi]], currently playing in the [[Botola|Botola Pro 2]].

==Nearby cities==
Near El Jadida, are located the city of [[Azemmour]] in the northeast and the town of [[Sidi Bouzid]] in the southwest. Within a perimeter of around 120&nbsp;km or less, are located [[Casablanca]], [[Berrechid]], [[Settat]], [[Sidi Bennour]], [[Oualidia]], [[Youssoufia, Morocco|Youssoufia]], [[Safi, Morocco|Safi]].

==Notable people==
{{expand section|date=August 2019}}
*[[Jaafar Aksikas]], author 
*[[Driss Chraïbi]], author
*[[André Elbaz]], painter and filmmaker
*[[Ilyas Elmaliki]], [[YouTuber]]
*[[André Guelfi]], racing driver
*[[Zakaria Hadraf]], footballer
*[[Driss Jettou]], former prime minister, president of the Supreme Audit Court
*[[Youssef Kaddioui]], former international footballer
*[[El Mehdi Karnass]], footballer
*[[Abdelkebir Khatibi]], author
*[[Abdellah Lahoua]], footballer
*Yousra Mansour, vocalist of [[Bab L' Bluz]]
*[[Mohamed Nahiri]], footballer
*<!--*[[Abdellah Boussafi]], scientist-->[[Chaïbia Talal]], painter
*[[Suleiman Zanfari]], racing driver
*[[Nicola L]], multidisciplinary artist
*[[Naji El-Mekki]], pentathlete

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Morocco}}
El Jadida is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arenzano]], Italy (1964)<ref>{{cite web|title=Gemellaggi|url=http://www.comune.arenzano.ge.it/il-comune/gli-uffici-comunali/area-5/gemellaggi.htm|website=comune.arenzano.ge.it|publisher=Arenzano|language=it|access-date=2020-11-02}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|POR}} [[Barcelos, Portugal|Barcelos]], Portugal (2009)<ref>{{cite web |title=Geminações e Acordos de Cooperação|url=https://www.cm-barcelos.pt/municipio/camara-municipal/geminacoes-acordos-de-cooperacao/|website=cm-barcelos.pt|publisher=Barcelos|language=pt|access-date=2020-11-02}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Nabeul]], Tunisia (1985)<ref>{{cite web |title=Coopération Internationale|url=http://www.nabeul.gov.tn/fr/cooperation-internationale/#tab-1-2|website=nabeul.gov.tn|publisher=Gouvernorat de Nabeul|language=fr|access-date=2020-11-02}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Sète]], France (1992)<ref>{{cite web |title=Le jumelage|url=https://www.sete.fr/vie-quotidienne/la-vie-associative/jumelage/|website=sete.fr|publisher=Sète|language=fr|access-date=2020-11-02}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|POR}} [[Sintra]], Portugal (1988)<ref>{{cite web |title=Geminações e Cooperações|url=https://cm-sintra.pt/no-mundo/relacoes-internacionais/geminacoes|website=cm-sintra.pt|publisher=Sintra|language=pt|access-date=2020-11-02}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Varennes, Quebec|Varennes]], Canada<ref>{{cite web |title=Parcs et sites d'activités|url=https://ville.varennes.qc.ca/activites/loisirs-et-sports/parcs-et-sites-d-activites-1|website=ville.varennes.qc.ca|publisher=Ville de Varennes|language=fr|access-date=2020-11-02}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Vierzon]], France (1987)<ref>{{cite web |title=Jumelages|url=http://www.ville-vierzon.fr/jumelages.html|website=ville-vierzon.fr|publisher=Vierzon|language=fr|access-date=2020-11-02}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]], United States (2007)<ref>{{cite web |title=Tacoma's Sister Cities|url=https://www.cityoftacoma.org/cms/One.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=7101|website=cityoftacoma.org|publisher=City of Tacoma|access-date=2020-11-02}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[Tourism in Morocco]]
* [[Sultan of Morocco|Sultan]] [[Mohammed ben Abdallah]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="Idrisi-1">{{cite book | last1 =(1154) Hamoudi Husseini Cherif Al-Idrisi | first1 =Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Abd-Allah ibn Idriss | author2-link =Tabula Rogeriana | last2 =Tabula Rogeriana | title =Tabula Rogeriana نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الآفاق | url =https://archive.org/details/nuzht-almushtaq/page/n1 | pages =550 | publisher =مكتبة الثقافة الدينية }}</ref>

<ref name="Ayyadh-1">{{cite book | last1 =Qadi Ayyadh | first1 =Ibn Mussa ibn Ayyadh Sabti | last2 =Qadi Abu Abd-Allah | first2 =Muhammad Muhammad Ibn Sharifa | year =1997 | title =مذاهب الحكام في نوازل الأحكام | url =http://www.feqhup.com/uploads/1370899268971.pdf | pages =346 | edition =2nd | publisher =دار الغرب الإسلامي }}</ref>

<ref name="IbnSaid-1">{{cite book | last1 =(Before 1274) [[Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi]] | first1 =Abu al-Ḥassan Ali ibn Mussa | last2 =(1958) Ginés | first2 =Juan Vernet | year =1958 | title = بسط الأرض في الطول والعرض | url =https://archive.org/details/wal_20150930/page/n67 | pages =141 | publisher =Moulay Hassan Institute - Tetuan }}</ref>

<ref name="Jmahri-1">{{cite web | url =http://www.dar-del-mare.com/eljadida.php | title =El Jadida | language =fr | publisher =Dar Del Mare | author =Mustapha Jmahri | access-date =10 September 2019 | archive-date =4 January 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220104061408/http://dar-del-mare.com/eljadida.php | url-status =dead }}</ref>

<ref name="Golf-1">{{cite web | url =http://golf-eljadida.com/detailsarticle-golf-maroc/histoire-de-la-ville-d-el-jadida | title =Mazagan hier, El Jadida aujourd'hui | language=fr | publisher =Golf El Jadida | access-date =10 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="hesp-1">{{cite web | url =https://www.hespress.com/writers/396769.html | title =مازيغن هو الاسم الأصلي لمدينة الجديدة المغربية Maziɣen | language=ar | publisher =Hespress | author = مبارك بلقاسم | date =26 June 2018 | access-date =10 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="Ptolemy-1">{{cite web | url =https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/4/1*.html#ImageMapLocation | title =Location of Mauritania Tingitana (from the First Map of Libya) | publisher =Bill Thayer | author =Bill Thayer | date =31 January 2010 | access-date =10 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="jadidama-1">{{cite web | url =http://eljadidama.unblog.fr/2008/11/27/apercu-historique-deljadida/ | title =Aperçu historique d'El Jadida | language=fr | publisher =eljadidama.unblog.fr | date =27 November 2008 | access-date =10 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="rgph2014-1">{{cite web | url =https://archive.org/stream/HCP2014/r%C3%A9gion%20Grand%20Casa/resultat_rgph_2014_casablanca_settat_1#page/n5/mode/2up | title =Résultat du RGPH 2014 Casablanca-Settat par région, préfecture, municipalité et commune | language=ar, fr | publisher =Royaume du Maroc - Haut-Comissariat au Plan | access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="population-2022-1">{{cite web | url =https://population-hub.com/en/ma/population-of-el-jadida-6781.html | title =Population of El Jadida | language=ar, fr | publisher =population-hub | access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="rgph2014-2">{{cite web | url =http://rgphentableaux.hcp.ma/Default1/ | title =Indicateurs RGPH2014 - Démographie - Commune : El Jadida | language=fr | publisher =Royaume du Maroc - Haut-Comissariat au Plan | access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="rgph2014-3">{{cite journal | date =23 April 2015 | title =عدد السكان القانونيين بالمملكة | url =http://www.sgg.gov.ma/BO/AR/2015/BO_6354_Ar.pdf | journal =Official Gazette المملكة المغربية - الجريدة الرسمية - النشرة العامة | volume =6354 | issue =year 104 | pages =4025–4075 | issn =0851-1195 | display-authors =etal | access-date =9 September 2019 | archive-date =7 November 2019 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20191107121914/https://www.hcp.ma/Base-de-donnees-Inventaire-Communal-rural_a2218.html | url-status =dead }}</ref>

<ref name="region-1">{{cite journal | date =15 March 2015 | title =الجهات و تسمياتها و مراكزها و العمالات و الأقاليم المكونة لها | url =http://www.sgg.gov.ma/BO/AR/2015/BO_6340_Ar.pdf | journal =Official Gazette المملكة المغربية - الجريدة الرسمية - النشرة العامة | volume =6340 | issue =year 104 | pages =1461–1533 | issn =0851-1195 | display-authors =etal | access-date =9 September 2019 | archive-date =31 July 2020 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200731005627/http://www.sgg.gov.ma/BO/AR/2015/BO_6340_Ar.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref>

<ref name="region-2">{{cite web | url =http://www.pncl.gov.ma/News/Alaune/Pages/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF.aspx | title =المغرب يتبنى تقسيما ترابيا جديدا | language =ar, fr | publisher =المديرية العامة للجماعات المحلية | access-date =9 September 2019 | archive-date =30 July 2020 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200730234113/http://www.pncl.gov.ma/News/Alaune/Pages/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF.aspx | url-status =dead }}</ref>

<ref name="clim-1">{{cite web | url =https://en.climate-data.org/africa/morocco/el-jadida-%e2%b5%8d%e2%b5%8a%e2%b4%b0%e2%b4%b7%e2%b5%89%e2%b4%b7%e2%b4%b0-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9/el-jadida-%e2%b5%8d%e2%b5%8a%e2%b4%b0%e2%b4%b7%e2%b5%89%e2%b4%b7%e2%b4%b0-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-377/ | title =Climate El Jadida ⵍⵊⴰⴷⵉⴷⴰ الجديدة | language=en | publisher =climate-data.org| access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="qrayti-1">{{cite web | url =https://www.9rayti.com/universite/universite-eljadida | title =Chouaïb Doukkali University | language =fr | publisher =9rayti.co | access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="ucd-1">{{cite web | url =http://www.ucd.ac.ma/en/ | title =Chouaib Doukkali University | language=ar, fr, en | publisher =Chouaib Doukkali University | access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="lettr-1">{{cite web | url =http://www.flshj.ucd.ac.ma/ | title =Faculty of Letters and Humanities | language=ar | publisher =Faculty of Letters and Humanities | access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="scienc-1">{{cite web | url =http://www.fs.ucd.ac.ma/fs/ | title =Faculty of Science | language =fr | access-date =9 September 2019 | archive-date =9 September 2019 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190909015502/http://www.fs.ucd.ac.ma/fs/ | url-status =dead }}</ref>

<ref name="jurid-1">{{cite web | url =http://www.fsjesj.ucd.ac.ma/ | title =Faculty of Juridical, Economic and Social Sciences | language=fr | publisher =Faculty of Juridical, Economic and Social Sciences | access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="encg-1">{{cite web | url =http://www.encgj.ucd.ac.ma/ | title =National School of Business and Management | language =fr | publisher =National School of Business and Management | access-date =9 September 2019 | archive-date =7 September 2019 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190907180547/http://www.encgj.ucd.ac.ma/ | url-status =dead }}</ref>

<ref name="ensa-1">{{cite web | url =http://www.ensaj.ucd.ac.ma/ | title =National School of Applied Sciences | language=fr | publisher =National School of Applied Sciences | access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="est-1">{{cite web | url =http://www.estsb.ucd.ac.ma/ | title =Superior School of Technology - Sidi Bennour | language=fr | publisher =Superior School of Technology - Sidi Bennour | access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="ofppt-1">{{cite web | url =https://www.ofppt.ma | title =Office of Vocational Training and Promotion of Labor | language=ar, fr, en | publisher =Office of Vocational Training and Promotion of Labor | access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="CQP-1">{{cite web | url =https://www.ofppt.ma/en/institutions/professional-qualification-center-el-jadida | title =Professional Qualification Center | language =ar, fr, en | publisher =Office of Vocational Training and Promotion of Labor | access-date =9 September 2019 | archive-date =20 August 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220820170945/https://www.ofppt.ma/en/institutions/professional-qualification-center-el-jadida | url-status =dead }}</ref>

<ref name="ista-mass-1">{{cite web | url =https://www.ofppt.ma/en/institutions/specialized-institute-of-applied-technology-al-massira-el-jadida | title =Specialized Institute of Applied Technology - Al Massira | language=ar, fr, en | publisher =Office of Vocational Training and Promotion of Labor | access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="ista-air-1">{{cite web | url =https://www.ofppt.ma/fr/etablissements/institut-specialise-de-technologie-appliquee-cite-de-lair-el-jadida | title =Specialized Institute of Applied Technology - City of the Air | language =ar, fr, en | publisher =Office of Vocational Training and Promotion of Labor | access-date =9 September 2019 | archive-date =20 August 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220820170941/https://www.ofppt.ma/fr/etablissements/institut-specialise-de-technologie-appliquee-cite-de-lair-el-jadida | url-status =dead }}</ref>

<ref name="istht-1">{{cite web | url =https://www.ofppt.ma/en/institutions/specialized-institute-hotel-technology-and-tourism-el-haouzia | title =Specialized Institute of Hotel and Tourism Technology - El Haouzia | language =fr | publisher =Office of Vocational Training and Promotion of Labor | access-date =9 September 2019 | archive-date =18 April 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20210418182819/https://www.ofppt.ma/en/institutions/specialized-institute-hotel-technology-and-tourism-el-haouzia | url-status =dead }}</ref>

<ref name="crmef-1">{{cite web | url =https://www.crmefcasablancasettat.org/ | title =Regional Centers for the Professions of Education and Training | language=fr | publisher =Regional Centers for the Professions of Education and Training | access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="razi-cpge-1">{{cite web | url =http://www.cpge.ac.ma/CPGEPages/Cont/AccesCPGEPublics.aspx | title =2019/2020 CPGE public institutions | language=fr | publisher =National Center of Pedagogical Innovation and Experimentation | access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="razi-bts-1">{{cite web | url =https://inscription.ma/bts-el-jadida/ | title =Everything about El Jadida BTS | language=fr | publisher =inscription.ma | access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="isga-1">{{cite web | url =http://www.isga.ma | title =Higher Institute of Engineering and Business | language=fr | publisher =Higher Institute of Engineering and Business | access-date =9 September 2019}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
<!-- *{{fr icon}} {{Official website|http://www.eljadida.gov.ma/}} (right now, there is no official website for the city of El-Jadida) -->
*({{in lang|ar|en|fr|es}}) {{Official website|http://www.maroc.ma/en/|Official Morocco website}}

{{Casablanca-Settat}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Morocco}}
{{Forts and fortresses of the Portuguese empire|state=collapsed}}
{{Phoenician cities and colonies|state=collapsed}}{{El Jadida Province}}
{{coord|33|14|N|8|30|W|display=title}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Former Portuguese colonies]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Morocco]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns on the Moroccan Atlantic Coast]]
[[Category:Kingdom of the Algarve]]
[[Category:Populated places in El Jadida Province]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Morocco]]
[[Category:1502 establishments in the Portuguese Empire]]
[[Category:1769 disestablishments in the Portuguese Empire]]
[[Category:1769 establishments in Morocco]]
[[Category:Provincial capitals in Morocco]]
[[Category:Phoenician colonies in Morocco]]
{{Навигационная таблица/Портал/Английская Википедия}}
[[Категория:Английская Википедия]]
[[Категория:Википедия]]
[[Категория:Статья из Википедии]]
[[Категория:Статья из Английской Википедии]]