Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Emblems of Turkey

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|National emblem of Turkey}}
</noinclude>{{Multiple issues|
{{Disputed|date=August 2020}}
{{Citation style|date=March 2021}}
}}
{{Infobox coat of arms
|color            = #E30A17
|name             = National Emblem of the <br /> Republic of Turkey
|image            = Emblem of Turkey.svg
|image_width      = 250
|middle           = 
|middle_width     = 
|middle_caption   = 
|lesser           = 
|lesser_width     = 
|lesser_caption   = 
|image2           = 
|image2_width     =
|image2_caption   = 
|image3           = 
|image3_width     = 
|image3_caption   = 
|armiger          = [[Turkey|Republic of Turkey]]
|year_adopted     = 1936{{cn|date=August 2023}}
|crest            = 
|torse            = 
|shield           = A [[Star and crescent|crescent and mullet]] gules
|supporters       = 
|compartment      = 
|motto            = 
|orders           =
|other_elements   = 
|earlier_versions =
|use              = [[Turkish passport]], [[Turkish ID card]], [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)]]
}}
[[File:Botschaft 021.jpg|thumbnail|The emblem of Turkey, seen at the [[List of diplomatic missions of Turkey|Turkish Embassy]] in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]].]]
[[File:Turkish Passport.svg|thumb|The emblem on [[Turkish passport|Turkish passports]]]]

[[Turkey]] has no official national emblem, but the [[star and crescent|crescent and star]] ({{lang-tr|ay-yıldız}}, {{Literal translation|crescent-star}}) design from the [[Flag of Turkey|national flag]] is in use on [[Turkish passport]]s, [[Turkish identity card]]s and at the [[diplomatic missions of Turkey]].

The crescent and star are from the 19th-century [[Ottoman flag]] (1844–1923) which also forms the basis of the present-day [[Turkish flag]]. Following the abolition of the Sultanate on 1 November 1922, the [[Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman coat of arms]] was no longer used and the crescent and star became Turkey's de facto national emblem. In the national identity cards of the 1930s the horns of the crescent were facing left, instead of the now more common orientation towards right.<ref>[[:File:Atatürk'ün 993 814 seri numaralı nüfus cüzdanı.jpg|National ID card of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk from 1934]]</ref>

== History ==
[[Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire|The coat of arms of the Sultan]] was abolished from usage after the [[abolition of the Ottoman sultanate]] in 1922. In its stead, the star and crescent on [[Turkey flag|the flag]] was adopted. Three years later, in 1925, [[Ministry of National Education (Turkey)|Ministry of Education]] opened a contest for determining another official coat of arms and artist [[Namık İsmail]]'s design won.<ref name="pakalin">{{cite book | last =Pâkalın | first = Mehmet Zeki | title = Osmanlı tarih deyimleri ve terimleri sözlüǧü | date = 1954 | volume =1 | access-date = 17 November 2011 | publisher = M.E.B. Devlet Kitapları | pages =8| section = Namik Ismail bu son nümune üzerinde ufak bir tadil yapti ve son sekil|section-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=39gqAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Namik+Ismail+bu+son+n%C3%BCmune+%C3%BCzerinde+ufak+bir+tadil+yapti+ve+son+sekil%22 |lang=tr}}</ref><ref name="arms1">{{Cite journal | date= 2002 |title=Arma |journal=Aksiyon Dergisi |issue=373 |url=http://www.aksiyon.com.tr/detay.php?id=12193 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050227030525/http://www.aksiyon.com.tr/detay.php?id=12193 |access-date=20 February 2015 |archive-date=2005-02-27 |quote=Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında Türkiye’nin kendi armasını yapmak için girişimler olmuş. Ancak bir türlü hayata geçirilemeyen bu proje kapsamında, 1927 yılında Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından bir yarışma açılmış. Birçok eserin katıldığı yarışmada Namık İsmail’in arması birincilik almış. Diğer tüm armalar gibi kalkan içerisinde bulunan armanın zemini kırmızıymış. Merkezinde Türk Bayrağını temsil eden ay yıldızın bulunduğu armanın alt kısmında Oğuz menkıbesini simgeleyen bir kurt resmi bulunuyormuş. Kurdun ayaklarının altında ise eski bir Türk silahı ‘harbe’ bulunuyormuş. Kalkanın altında bulunan İstiklal Madalyası ise harbi ve bunun neticesini muhafaza etmeyi simgeliyormuş. Başak ve meşe yapraklarıyla sarılı armanın ortasında ise Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’ni simgeleyen T.C harfleri varmış. Ancak Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün de çok istediği bu arma bir türlü resmi şekle sokulamadı. |lang=tr}}</ref> İsmail's design featured a red shield [[Charge (heraldry)|charged]] with a white star and crescent. Underneath there was a [[Grey wolf (mythology)|grey wolf]], connected to [[Oghuz Turks|Oghuz Turkic]] mythology, standing on a spear. The shield was surrounded by a garland of wheat and oak leaves, with a medallion depicting [[Ottoman Turkish alphabet|Ottoman alphabet]] letters T and C for ''Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'', Republic of Turkey. Above the shield was placed a lit torch, symbolising the country's independence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=türkiye cumhuriyeti arması baki sarısakal |url=https://paperzz.com/doc/5094353/t%C3%BCrkiye-cumhuriyeti-armas%C4%B1-baki-sar%C4%B1sakal |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=paperzz.com}}</ref> However, the new coat of arms was never registered as an official coat of arms, and was never used subsequently.<ref name="arms1"/> A 2014 government review to develop a coat of arms has yet to result in a design, as of 2015.<ref name="sabah">{{Cite news |newspaper=[[Daily Sabah]] |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/2014/12/17/turkey-in-search-of-a-coat-of-arms-to-serve-as-national-symbol |date=2014-12-17 |accessdate=2023-05-20 |title=Turkey in search of a coat of arms to serve as national symbol}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-14 |title=Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin resmi arması belirlenecek |url=https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/turkiye-cumhuriyetinin-resmi-armasi-belirlenecek-162094.html |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.trthaber.com |language=tr}}</ref>
<gallery>
File:Proposed national emblem of Turkey 1925.svg|[[Namık İsmail]]'s proposed design
</gallery>

== Use by government bodies ==

=== Red circle with white star and crescent ===
A circular section of the red [[Flag of Turkey]] containing the white crescent and star is used in the current emblems of a number of Turkish ministries and governmental institutions, in the emblem of the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|Grand National Assembly]], and as the flag badge on the uniforms of Turkish national sports teams and athletes. It was also used on the old (non-digital) Turkish identity cards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309212750/http://www.darphane.gov.tr/upload/images/nufus_cuzdanlari/nufus_erk.gif|title=Specimen of the old (non-digital) Turkish identity card}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Turkey emblem round.svg|Circular flag used as a [[badge]] by the [[Turkey national football team|national sports teams and athletes]], and for other semi- and quasi-official purposes
File:Seal of the Turkish Parliament (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi).svg|Seal of the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|Grand National Assembly]] (parliament)
File:Seal of Prime Ministry of the Republic of Turkey.svg|Seal of the [[Prime Minister of Turkey|Prime Ministry]] (historic)
</gallery>

=== Coat of arms of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ===
[[File:Turkse ambassade, Den Haag.JPG|thumb|[[List of diplomatic missions of Turkey|Turkish Embassy]] in [[The Hague]], [[Netherlands]], with the [[Oval (geometry)|oval]]-shaped ambassadorial [[escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]] which is derived from the oval [[shield]] at the center of the [[Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman coat of arms]].]]

The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)|Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] often uses a red [[Oval (geometry)|oval]]-shaped [[escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]] which takes its colour from the Turkish flag, while its shape echoes the oval [[shield]] at the center of the late 19th-century [[Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman coat of arms]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/default.en.mfa|title=Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs|website=www.mfa.gov.tr}}</ref> The escutcheon contains a [[gold (color)|gold-tone]] crescent and star which are vertically oriented (with the star on top) and surrounded by the gold-tone text ''T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.memurum.biz/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/d%C4%B1%C5%9Fi%C5%9Fleri.png |title=Official escutcheon of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey |access-date=2012-11-16 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120634/http://www.memurum.biz/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/d%C4%B1%C5%9Fi%C5%9Fleri.png |url-status=dead }}</ref> A variant of this oval escutcheon (containing the gold-tone text ''Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Büyükelçiliği'') is used by the Turkish embassies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ukrturk.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/kiev-b%C3%BCy%C3%BCkel%C3%A7ili%C4%9Fi.jpg|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126012818/http://www.ukrturk.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/kiev-b%C3%BCy%C3%BCkel%C3%A7ili%C4%9Fi.jpg|url-status=dead|title=Official escutcheon of the Turkish Embassies|archivedate=January 26, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_w6NK9TTlXDc/TPZw-NEmAHI/AAAAAAAAAnI/M1H4aI8QCMQ/s1600/b3dfe14616_b.jpg |title=Official escutcheon of the Turkish Embassies |access-date=2012-11-16 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304213147/http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_w6NK9TTlXDc/TPZw-NEmAHI/AAAAAAAAAnI/M1H4aI8QCMQ/s1600/b3dfe14616_b.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<gallery>
File:MfaLogoTR.svg|Seal of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]
File:Tc buyukelcilikamblem.svg|Variant used by the [[List of diplomatic missions of Turkey|Embassies]]
File:TC Consulate–General Emblem.svg|Variant used by the [[List of diplomatic missions of Turkey|Consulate-Generals]]
</gallery>

=== Presidential seal ===
The [[Presidential Seal of Turkey|seal of the president of Turkey]] has a large 16-pointed star in the center, which is surrounded by 16 five-pointed stars, symbolizing the [[16 Great Turkic Empires]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tccb.gov.tr/sayfa/cumhurbaskanligi/fors/ |title=Official website of the Turkish Presidency: Detailed description of the Turkish Presidential Seal |access-date=2009-05-06 |archive-date=2011-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004181013/http://www.tccb.gov.tr/sayfa/cumhurbaskanligi/fors/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its appearance is regulated by law.

<gallery>
File:Emblem of the Presidency of Turkey.svg|Presidential Seal of Turkey
File:Emblem of the Presidency of Turkey (white).svg|Presidential with no background
</gallery>

==See also==
{{portal|Turkey|Heraldry}}
* [[Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire]]
* [[Flag of Turkey]]
* [[Turkey]]
* [[Coats of arms of Europe]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Heraldry by country}}
{{Coats of arms of Europe}}
{{Coats of arms of Asia}}
{{Turkey topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Emblems Of Turkey}}
[[Category:National emblems|Turkey]]
[[Category:National symbols of Turkey]]
[[Category:Heraldry by country|Turkey]]
[[Category:Coats of arms with the star and crescent|Turkey]]
[[Category:Turkish coats of arms]]
{{Навигационная таблица/Портал/Английская Википедия}}
[[Категория:Английская Википедия]]
[[Категория:Википедия]]
[[Категория:Статья из Википедии]]
[[Категория:Статья из Английской Википедии]]