Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Ewing Kauffman

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|American pharmaceutical entrepreneur (1916–1993)}}
{{more footnotes|date=January 2012}}
{{use American English|date=October 2013}}
{{use mdy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox person
| name          = Ewing Kauffman
| image         = Ewing Kauffman 1968.jpg
| alt           = 
| caption       = 
| birth_name    = Ewing Marion Kauffman
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1916|9|21}}<ref name="nyt obit"/>
| birth_place   = Near [[Garden City, Missouri]], United States<ref name="nyt obit"/>
| death_date    = {{death date and age|1993|8|1|1916|9|21}}<ref name="nyt obit"/>
| death_place   = [[Mission Hills, Kansas]], U.S.<ref name="nyt obit"/>
| resting_place = 
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| monuments     = 
| alma_mater    = {{ubl|{{•}}[[Westport High School (Missouri)|Westport High School]]<ref name="nyt obit"/>|{{•}}[[Metropolitan Community College (Missouri)|Longview Community College]]<ref name="nyt obit"/>}}
| occupation    = American [[pharmaceutical]] entrepreneur, [[philanthropist]], and [[Major League Baseball]] team owner
| spouse        = 
| children      = 
| parents       = 
| relatives     = 
}}
'''Ewing Marion Kauffman''' (September 21, 1916{{spaced ndash}} August 1, 1993) was an American [[pharmaceutical]] entrepreneur, [[philanthropist]], and [[Major League Baseball]] owner.<ref name=sevone>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=d5BfAAAAIBAJ&pg=5955%2C4471054 |work=Lewiston Morning Tribune |location=(Idaho) |agency=Associated Press |title=Royals owner Kauffmann stimulated by challenges |date=August 22, 1971 |page=16}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Ewing Kauffman was born on September 21, 1916, on a farm near [[Garden City, Missouri]]. He was the son of John S. Kauffman and  Effie May Winders, who were [[German-Americans]].<ref name="nyt obit"/> When Kauffman was a child, his father was in a farming accident which left him blind in his right eye.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kauffman.org/emk/ewing#thefamilyfarm|title=Ewing {{!}}1916–1945{{!}}|website=Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation|access-date=July 15, 2019}}</ref> Following the accident, his father relocated the family to Kansas City, where he worked as a life insurance salesman.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://iw.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/0EAF3F70DF07040B|title=Ewing M. Kauffman 1916–1993 Visionary 'Mr. K" is dead; Business success with Marion led to Royals baseball team and philanthropy.|last1=Skodack|first1=Debra|first2=Charles R. T. |last2=Crumpley|date=August 2, 1993 | newspaper =The Kansas City Star|access-date=July 15, 2019}}{{subscription required}}</ref>

As a child, Kauffman loved reading. When he was 11, he had to leave school for a year, due to a heart valve that would not close completely.<ref name=":1" /> During this year, Kauffman taught himself how to [[speed read]]. It was not uncommon for him to read one to two books a day.<ref name="Ewing">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kauffman.org/emk/ewing|title=Ewing|website=www.kauffman.org|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref> In later years, Kauffman believes his success in the pharmaceutical business stemmed from his ability to read quickly. In 1928, when Kauffman was 12, his parents divorced. He lived with his mother, and his father remained active in his life. On days spent with his father, it was not uncommon for the two  to compete in arithmetic competitions, the most common game being adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing the numbers on license plates.<ref name="Ewing"/>

Kauffman was an active youth who participated in various sports, and performed very well in school. He was also an [[Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)|Eagle Scout]] and later, in adulthood, was  awarded the [[Distinguished Eagle Scout Award]].<ref name="desalistg">{{cite web|url=http://www.scouting.org/filestore/pdf/02-529.pdf|title=Distinguished Eagle Scouts|publisher=Scouting.org|format=[[PDF]] format|access-date=November 4, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312002744/http://www.scouting.org/filestore/pdf/02-529.pdf|archive-date=March 12, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Kauffman graduated from Kansas City's [[Westport High School (Missouri)|Westport High School]] in 1934 and later attended [[Metropolitan Community College (Missouri)|Kansas City Junior College]],<ref name="nyt obit" /> He received his associate degree in Business Management.

==Career==

=== Military ===
In 1942, Kauffman joined the military and served in the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] as a signalman.<ref name=":0" /> He served in both Europe and the Philippines;<ref name=":1" /> after his discharge in 1945, he returned to Kansas City.

=== Lincoln Laboratories ===
In 1947, Kauffman became a commissioned salesman for Lincoln Laboratories, a pharmaceutical company based in [[Decatur, Illinois]].<ref name="Marion">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kauffman.org/emk/marion|title=Marion|website=www.kauffman.org|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref> Kauffman earned a  20 percent commissions on his sales,<!-- While only getting 20% of his commissions, Kauffman--> and eventually earned more than the president of the company. Kauffman became angry with the company and left in 1950 after it decreased his sales territory and cut his commission.<ref name=":1" />

=== Marion Laboratories ===
After leaving Lincoln Laboratories, Kauffman formed [[Marion Laboratories]] with a $5,000 investment. The company was originally run out of his house, and there were four employees, consisting of Kauffman and his close friends.<ref name="Marion"/> He reportedly chose to use his middle name, rather than his surname, in order to not appear to be a one-man operation.

With Kauffman as chairman, Marion Laboratories had revenues of $930 million in 1988, the year before it merged with Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals to form [[Marion Merrell Dow]]. Kauffman became chairman ''emeritus'' of the new company.<ref name="nyt obit" /> The company sale created more than 300 millionaires.<ref name="nyt obit" />

===Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation===
Kauffman established the [[Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation]]<ref>[http://www.kauffman.org Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation]</ref> in the mid-1960s with the same sense of opportunity he brought to his business endeavors, and, with the same convictions. Kauffman wanted his foundation to be innovative{{spaced ndash}} to fundamentally change people's lives. He wanted to help young people, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds, get a quality education that would enable them to reach their full potential. He saw building enterprise as one of the most effective ways to realize individual promise and spur the economy. Today, the mission of the Kauffman Foundation follows his vision by focusing its grant making and operations on two areas: advancing entrepreneurship and improving the education of children and youth.<ref>The Philanthropy Roundtable, [http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/almanac/hall_of_fame/ewing_kauffman Ewing Kauffman]</ref>

===Kansas City Royals===
[[File:Ewing Kauffman and Cedric Tallis.jpg|thumb|200px|Kauffman with Royals [[general manager]] [[Cedric Tallis]], 1968]]
{{Citation needed span | text = After [[1955 Kansas City Athletics season|thirteen years]] in Kansas City, the [[Oakland Athletics|Athletics]] moved to [[1968 Oakland Athletics season|Oakland]] following the [[1967 Kansas City Athletics season|1967 season]]. Kauffman established the [[1969 Major League Baseball expansion|expansion]] [[Kansas City Royals|Royals]], bringing major league baseball back to the city in [[1969 Kansas City Royals season|1969]]. Shortly before his death, Kauffman set up an unprecedented complex succession plan to keep the team in Kansas City. | date = October 2022}}

On November 8, 2007, he was nominated to enter the [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Baseball Hall of Fame]] as part of the 2008 class;<ref>{{cite press release|date=November 8, 2007 |url = http://web.baseballhalloffame.org/news/article.jsp?ymd=20071108&content_id=5386&vkey=hof_pr |title=Executives, Managers, and Umpires to Be Considered for 2008 |publisher=[[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum]] |access-date=October 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115150027/http://web.baseballhalloffame.org/news/article.jsp?ymd=20071108&content_id=5386&vkey=hof_pr |archive-date=November 15, 2007 |url-status=dead|df=mdy }}</ref> but was not elected.  He&nbsp;was later nominated and elected to the [[Kansas Sports Hall of Fame]] in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kansascity.com/sports/high-school/other-kansas-prep-sports/article213119239.html|publisher=[[Kansas City Star]]|access-date=June 14, 2018 | date=June 13, 2018 | title=Royals' Kauffman, Paul Pierce, Larry Drew among Kansas Sports Hall of Fame inductees | first=Hayden|last=Barber}}</ref>

===Project Choice===
In 1988, Kauffman launched Project Choice to the Westport High School Class of 1992.  Project Choice promised to fund post-secondary education to all students who stayed in school, did not use drugs, did not become pregnant, and were committed to being an upstanding citizen in the community.<ref name="Kauffman">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kauffman.org/emk/kauffman|title=Kauffman|website=www.kauffman.org|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>  To be eligible for the program, parents also had to agree to be involved in their child's education by attending meetings and participating in parent/teacher organizations and other activities. The program remained active until 2001. During those years, it expanded to five other high schools in the Kansas City metro area.<ref name="Kauffman"/>

===Kauffman Stadium===
{{Citation needed span | text = At a time when other cities were building cookie-cutter, multipurpose sports facilities, Kauffman went against the trend to build a home for Kansas City's baseball team: [[Royals Stadium]], and it was decades ahead of its time. The stadium was the only baseball-only facility built in the major leagues between 1966 and 1991. Fans in one of the sport's smallest markets responded by filling the stadium, topping the two-million attendance mark a total of ten times and seven seasons in&nbsp;a&nbsp;row. | date = October 2022}}

{{Citation needed span | text = The stadium opened on April 10, [[1973 Kansas City Royals season|1973]], as part of the [[Truman Sports Complex]] in Kansas&nbsp;City. | date = October 2022}}

{{Citation needed span | text = Designed by Kivett and Meyers architects in Kansas City, the stadium incorporated the best of the recently built [[Dodger Stadium]] and [[Anaheim Stadium]], with 40,793 seats, all facing second base and arranged in three&nbsp;tiers. | date = October 2022}}

{{citation needed span | text = A construction strike delayed the opening of the new stadium, so Kauffman added money to make sure it would open in time for the [[1973 in baseball|1973 season]] and the [[1973 Major League Baseball All-Star Game|All-Star Game]] in&nbsp;July. | date = October 2022}}

The stadium's prominent features include water fountains beyond the outfield fence and a ten-story-high scoreboard shaped like the Royals crest, topped by a gold crown.<ref name=sevone/> {{citation needed span
 | text = The {{convert|322|ft|m|adj=mid|-wide}} water spectacular is the largest privately funded fountain in the world. The stadium featured artificial turf for its first 22 seasons, which was replaced with natural grass in&nbsp;[[1995 Kansas City Royals season|1995]]. | date = October 2022}}

{{Citation needed span | text = Kauffman made his last public appearance at the stadium on May 23, [[1993 Kansas City Royals season|1993]], when he was inducted into the team's [[Kansas City Royals Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]]. Six weeks later on July 2, a month before his death, the twenty-year-old facility was officially renamed in his honor in a ceremony at the stadium; it is the only ballpark in the [[American League]] named in honor of a person. | date = October 2022}}

==Personal life==
In 1962, he married [[Muriel Kauffman|Muriel Irene McBrien]].<ref name="nyt obit"/> {{citation needed span | text = He had two children from a previous marriage. | date = October 2022}}

===Death===
Suffering from [[bone cancer]], he died, age 76,  at his home in [[Mission Hills, Kansas]], a suburb of Kansas City.<ref name="nyt obit">Pace, Eric (August 12, 1993).  [https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/02/obituaries/ewing-m-kauffman-76-owner-of-kansas-city-baseball-team.html "Ewing M. Kauffman, 76, Owner of Kansas City Baseball Team"].  ''[[The New York Times]]''.  Retrieved October 2, 2013.</ref>  His remains are interred at the [[Ewing and Muriel Kauffman Memorial Garden]] next to the remains of his wife, who died in 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/ewing-and-muriel-kauffman-memorial-garden-says-no-more-organized-photos|publisher=[[KSHB-TV|KSHB TV 41]]|access-date=August 6, 2016|title=Ewing and Muriel Kauffman Memorial Garden says no more organized photos|first=Jadiann|last=Thompson|date=April 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827013933/http://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/ewing-and-muriel-kauffman-memorial-garden-says-no-more-organized-photos|archive-date=August 27, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
* 1932 – [[Distinguished Eagle Scout Award]] as a member of Boy Scout Troop and Ship 100 at Faxon School in Kansas City, Missouri
* 1968 – Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]]<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#business}}</ref>
* 1993 – [[Kauffman Stadium]], home to the [[Kansas City Royals]] of [[Major League Baseball]], named after Ewing Kauffman
* 2018 – [[Kansas Sports Hall of Fame]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Baseball|Biography|United States}}
* [[List of entrepreneurs]]
* [[List of people from Johnson County, Kansas]]
{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://web.baseballhalloffame.org/news/article.jsp?ymd=20071117&content_id=5421&vkey=hof_news Baseball Hall of Fame – 2008 Veterans Committee candidate profile]
*[http://www.eVenturing.org Kauffman eVenturing]
*[http://www.kauffmanfellows.org The Kauffman Fellows Program]
*[http://www.iBridgeNetwork.org The iBridge Network]
*{{Find a Grave|23072}}

{{Kansas City Royals}}
{{Kansas City Royals owners}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kauffman, Ewing}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1993 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:American chairpersons of corporations]]
[[Category:American chemical industry businesspeople]]
[[Category:American company founders]]
[[Category:American health care businesspeople]]
[[Category:United States Navy personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:American sports executives and administrators]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kansas]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Missouri]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in the pharmaceutical industry]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in Kansas]]
[[Category:Deaths from bone cancer]]
[[Category:Education activists]]
[[Category:Kansas City Royals owners]]
[[Category:Patrons of schools]]
[[Category:People from Mission Hills, Kansas]]
[[Category:People from Cass County, Missouri]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kansas City, Missouri]]
[[Category:20th-century American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Philanthropists from the Kansas City metropolitan area]]
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