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'''Profanity in [[Finnish language|Finnish]]''' is used in the form of intensifiers, adjectives, adverbs and [[Grammatical particle|particles]]. There is also an [[aggressive mood]] that involves omission of the [[negative verb]] ''{{lang|fi|ei}}'' while implying its meaning with a swear word.<ref name="kotus">Eero Voutilainen. ''{{lang|fi|Kirosanojen kielioppia}}.''  Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus, 2008. {{cite web |url=http://www.kotus.fi/index.phtml?s=2665 |title=Kotimaisten kielten keskus :: Kirosanojen kielioppia |access-date=2014-03-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320100103/http://www.kotus.fi/index.phtml?s=2665 |archive-date=2014-03-20 }}</ref>

Contemporary Finnish profanity often has old origins; several such words have [[Pagan]] roots that after [[Christianity|Christian]] influence were turned from names of deities and spirits to profanity and used as such. In general, the etymology of Finnish swears can be traced either from these formerly religious words or from ancient Finnish words involving excretion or sexual organs or functions.<ref name="kotus" /> Nowadays, few Finns know of the origins and intended original use of the words, though such definitions have since been compiled in ''{{lang|fi|Suuri kirosanakirja}}'' ("the great dictionary of profanities").<ref name="Tammi">Jari Tammi, ''{{lang|fi|Suuri kirosanakirja}}''. WSOY, 1993.</ref> 
People of countries neighboring Finland often consider Finnish swear words harsher than their own, and even use heavily mispronounced versions of them, most notably [[perkele]]. Native Finns tend to consider the harshness exaggerated, while others use it to their advantage.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} 
Finns swear more than their Nordic neighbors or Central Europeans, reaching the same level as Scots or Russians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.city.fi/ilmiot/perkele/832|title=Perkele!|website=City|date=6 June 2003 |access-date=October 21, 2019|language=fi|last1= Sirén|first1=Juhani}}</ref>{{reliable|date=March 2023}}

Euphemistically, virtually any word can be used in place of profanity by, for example, preceding it with ''{{lang|fi|voi}}'' (an interjection meaning "oh!"), for example ''{{lang|fi|voi paska!}}'' (oh shit!) or adding ''vieköön'' (third person singular imperative of the verb ''{{lang|fi|viedä}}'' "to take"), for example ''{{lang|fi|hiisi vieköön}}'' (may the goblin take it).<ref name="kotus" /> These were more prominent in older Finnish, e.g. ''{{lang|fi|raato}}'' is closest to (corpse) or like ''{{lang|fi|peto}}'' (the beast). There are also other similar non-offensive constructs like ''{{lang|fi|taivahan talikynttilät}}'' (tallow candles of heaven). There is also an inventory of non-offensive curse words.<ref name="kotus" />

==List of Finnish profanities==

===helvetti===
{{distinguish| Helvetii}} 
: Helvetti translates to ''[[hell]]'' and has roughly the same meaning in the English language. It has its roots in the Swedish word ''helvete'', with the same meaning (underworld punishment).<ref name="etym">Häkkinen, Kaisa. ''Suomen kielen etymologinen sanakirja.'' WSOY, 2009.</ref> An often used phrase is "What the hell?", in Finnish "Mitä helvettiä?". For an [[augmentative]] expression, both in a positive or negative sense, ''helvetin'' can be prefixed into an adjective, e.g. ''helvetin hyvä'' "hellishly good". A pejorative meaning can be achieved by using the same ''helvetin'' ("of hell") in front of a noun, e.g. ''helvetin bussi oli myöhässä'' "the damned bus was late". Some words used to replace it, depending on dialect, include ''helkutti'', ''helvata'', ''hemmetti'', ''hemskutti'', ''himputti'', ''helkkari'' and ''himskatti''. Derivative terms: ''helvetillinen'' ("infernal").

===hitto, hiisi===
{{see also|Hiisi}}
: Hitto is a relatively mild swear word, but still considered an expletive. A hiisi is a scary mythical creature such as a giant, troll or devil, or its dwelling such as a [[sacred]] grove, burial site and on the other hand, hell. The word has a Germanic etymology, either from *''sidon'' "side or direction" (in English, "side"), or *''xitha'' "cave, hollow, crag" (Swedish: ''ide'', "bear's nest").<ref name="etym" /> Its diminutive form is "hittolainen", and the ancient pagan deity [[Hittavainen]] is related.  The word is in the same category as other "mild" swear words like "helkkari" or "himskatti". ''Painu hiiteen'' means "go to hell", while ''hiisi vieköön'' is "may the devil take it!". ''Hitto'' is usually translated ''[[Damn (it)]]''. One of the funniest forms of using ''hitto'' could be ''hitto soikoon'', "may the hitto chime", and may be similar to the English phrase "Hell's bells".

===huora===
: The word means [[whore]], and like the English word which has the same etymology<ref name="etym" /> may be considered too profane for civil conversation, to be replaced by ''prostituoitu'' ("prostitute") ''seksityöläinen'' ("[[sex worker]]") in the literal meaning. Although it can be used as a derogatory term of a person, it is not normally used as a swear word on its own.

===jumalauta===
: This is a combination of two words: ''jumala'', meaning ''god'', and ''auta'', meaning ''help'' (verb, imperative 2nd person). It is used in a similar fashion to ''Oh my God/God help (me)!'' In Finnish it has the same slightly frustrated emphasis. Another translation for ''Oh, God'' is ''Voi luoja'' (''luoja'' = the creator, a synonym for [[God]]). An ad campaign for [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland|church]] aid for third world countries used JumalAuta as an eyecatcher. This raised discussion for being too profane. Though the English expression ''God help me'' is an accurate (and literal) translation of ''jumalauta'', a translation to ''goddamn it'' may be considered more correct, as the literal translation lacks the undertones of profanity. Often used replacement words are ''jumankauta'', ''jumaliste'' or ''jumalavita''.

===kikkeli===
: A word for "penis" often used by children, usually literally, considered somewhat profane. Comparable to "willy" or "dingaling". Pronounced {{IPA-fi|ˈkikːeli|}}.

===kusi===
: ''Kusi'', pronounced {{IPA-fi|ˈkusi|}}, means "[[urine]]" with a similar connotation to "piss". By itself it refers to actual urine and is considered only mildly offensive in colloquial language. The etymology is traced up to [[Proto-Uralic]], the earliest known protolanguage of Finnish,<ref name="etym" /> thus having cognates in other Uralic languages, such as ''húgy'' in [[Hungarian language]]. It is used by people in compound words, such as ''kusipää'' (pisshead, common translation of "asshole"), as very offensive insults. Inoffensive synonyms are the clinical term ''virtsa'' ("urine") and the childish ''pissa'' ("pee"). The word ''pissa'' has drifted so far into everyday usage that in combined form ''pissapoika'' (pissing boy) it refers specifically to the [[windscreen washer|squirter]] on the windshield of cars. Foreign visitors have been amused by the product "Superpiss" for windshield wiper fluid. Derivative terms: ''kusettaa (jotakuta)'' "to defraud, to cheat (someone)", similar in meaning as "to bullshit (someone)", ''kusettaa'' (in passive mood) "feel an urge to urinate" (these differ by [[case government]]: the former is always accompanied by a subject in the [[partitive case]]), ''kusinen'' "shitty" or "stained with piss" (e.g. ''kusinen paikka'' "up shit creek"), ''juosten kustu'' literally "pissed while running", meaning half-assed, hastily done, shoddy, incompetent work, and ''kustu muroihin'' "pissed in cereal", referring to a disservice, an act that hurts someone or the common benefit.

=== kyrpä ===
: Literally "cock" in the sense of "[[penis]]"; often considered highly offensive. The word nearly always refers to an actual penis and may be used, for example, to express frustration: ''Voi kyrpä!'' "Oh fuck!". The widespread verb ''vituttaa'' "to feel angry and depressed" originates from its meaning "to want vagina".{{cn|date=May 2021}} Therefore, classically, heterosexual women should not use ''vituttaa'', but ''kyrpiä'', e.g. ''kyrpii'' "this makes me feel bad".{{cn|date=May 2021}} One form of using the word is "kyrpä otsassa", which means that someone really pisses you off being an annoying person or total moron (or dickhead). Therefore, that annoying person is the one having "kyrpä otsassa". The literal meaning is "to have a dick on the forehead".

===molo===
: Usually used only literally for "penis", somewhat profane. Has a derivation ''molopää'', corresponding to English "dickhead".

=== mulkku ===
: Has the literal meaning "penis", but may refer, like English "[[Prick (slang)|prick]]", to an unpleasant man, both as a noun and as an adjective. When referring to a man, it is nowadays sometimes combined with Swedish surname ending -''qvist'', to form ''mulqvist'' or ''mulkvisti'', which is considered less harsh than ''mulkku''. In some dialects word ''mulkku'' is pronounced with an extra /u/ sound ([[epenthetic vowel]]), i.e. ''mul'''u'''kku''.

===muna===
: Literally means "egg" and may refer to a literal [[penis]], but is not considered an insult or particularly profane. For example, there is a gay cruise named ''Munaristeily'', which is publicly marketed as such. It also means "[[testicle]]", usually said in plural form ''munat'' "testicles". ''Olla munaa'' can mean either being courageous or just obscene, to "have balls".

===paska===
: ''Paska'' translates as "shit" or "crap" and has approximately the same context in English and Finnish, although it may be more profane. It has the same connotations of "shoddy" or "broken", which may even surpass the word's use in the original sense in frequency.<ref>{{cite book |last=Korhonen |first=Taro |author2=Miika Nousiainen |title=Paskakirja |year=2007 |publisher=Like Kustannus Oy |location=Finland |language=fi |isbn=978-952-471-941-4 |page=23}}</ref> Inoffensive synonyms are ''kakka'' ("poo"), especially with children, and the clinical ''uloste'' ("excrement"). ''Uloste'' appears to have been introduced as a high-class replacement in the 1800s, while ''paska'' is believed to have been in continuous use since at least the [[Finnic languages|Proto-Finnic]] of 3000 BC.<ref>{{cite book |last=Korhonen |first=Taro |author2=Miika Nousiainen |title=Paskakirja |year=2007 |publisher=Like Kustannus Oy |location=Finland |language=fi |isbn=978-952-471-941-4 |pages=24–25}}</ref> Doubt and disbelief are expressed with ''hevonpaska'' ("horse's shit", compare "[[bullshit]]") and ''paskan marjat'' ("shit's berries"). It can be combined with ''vittu'' as in "''Vittu tätä paskaa''" ("fuck this shit"). A [[Paska (band)|Finnish rock musician]] goes by the name, and [[Paskahousu]] ("shitpants") is a card game, a relative of [[Shithead (card game)|Shithead]] that's popular with children and teenagers. Derivative terms: ''paskiainen'' "bastard" (or "[[bitch (insult)|son of a bitch]]"), ''paskamainen'' "unfair, depressing, unpleasant, shitty", ''paskainen'' "(literally) shitty", ''paskapää'' "(literally) shithead".

===perkele===
{{further|Perkele}}
: ''Perkele'' ({{Audio|Fi-perkele.ogg|Pronunciation of "perkele"}}) devil, was originally imported from [[Baltic languages]], supposedly transformed from the [[Perkūnas|Baltic god of thunder]] (compare: {{lang-lt|Perkūnas}}, {{lang-lv|Pērkons}}, [[Old Prussian language|Prussian]]: ''Perkūns'', [[Sudovian language|Yotvingian]]: ''Parkuns''), as an alternate name for the thunder god of [[Finnish paganism]], [[Ukko]], and co-opted by the Christian church. In an early translation of The Bible to Finnish, the word was stated to be a word for the devil, thus making it a sin to be uttered.{{clarify|reason=So reading a passage from the Bible aloud if it mentioned devil was considered a sin? Highly unlikely.|date=April 2020}} However, later, in 1992 translation, the word is switched to paholainen. Perkele or Ukko was known as the rain and thundergod, similar to Thor of Norse mythology.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pakanaverkko.fi/vox/ukko_perkele.shtml |title=Pakanaverkko ry - Vox Paganorum / Vox-pohja |access-date=2006-12-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061213102035/http://www.pakanaverkko.fi/vox/ukko_perkele.shtml |archive-date=2006-12-13 }}</ref> The "r" can be rolled and lengthened, which can be transcribed by repeating it. 

:The word is very common in the country and likely the best known expletive abroad, and enjoys a kind of emblematic status. For instance, the Finnish [[black metal]] band [[Impaled Nazarene]] named its 1994 patriotic album ''[[Suomi Finland Perkele]]'' (using the word as a reference to Finnishness, not to the devil) and the more conventional [[M. A. Numminen]] released a 1971 album known as ''Perkele! Lauluja Suomesta'' ("Perkele! Songs from Finland"). When used to express discontent or frustration, ''perkele'' often suggests that the speaker is determined to solve the problem, even if it will be difficult. It is associated with [[sisu]], which in turn is an iconic Finnish trait.<ref>{{cite news |first=Bill |last=Thomas |title=The Finnish Line |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/22/AR2006032201943.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=2006-03-26 |access-date=2007-06-09 }}</ref> Professor Kulonen has described ''perkele'' as being ingrained in the older generations, as opposed to ''kyrpä'' and ''vittu'' for the younger ones.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sirén |last=Juhani |title=Perkele! |url=http://m.city.fi/lehti/article.php?area=magazine&id====32&offset=7 |publisher=City magazine |year=2003 |access-date=2007-06-09 |language=fi}}</ref> A common and milder replacement word is ''perhana'', and less popular variations include ''perkules'', ''perskuta'', ''{{lang|fi|perskuta rallaa}}'' and ''perkeleissön''. The word has lent itself to a Swedish expression for Finnish business management practices, "management by perkele". Derivative terms: ''perkeleellinen'' "infernal", ''perkelöityä'' "to escalate".

===perse===
: ''Perse'' ("[[buttocks|ass]]") can be used either literally or as a semi-strong swear word. It is often found in expressions like "Tämä on perseestä" ("This (situation) is from the ass!" or "This sucks!") The similarities with the [[Latin language|Latin]] phrase "per se", the [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] "persze" (which means "of course", comes from the aforementioned Latin and is pronounced mostly the same way), the hero [[Perseus]] and the ancient city of [[Persepolis]] are purely coincidental, although the wide use of "persze" in spoken Hungarian could sound somewhat embarrassing to Finnish visitors.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} Derivative terms: ''perseet (olalla)'', literally "to have one's arse up on one's shoulders", that is, "drunk".

===pillu===
: ''Pillu'' translates to "[[pussy]]" in the sense of [[female genitalia]] and, although it is not used as swear word, it is profane and unsuitable in all but the most familiar and informal conversation. Non-profane synonyms for the literal meaning include ''römpsä'', ''tavara'' (lit. "stuff"), ''toosa'' (actually an oldish [[dialectical]] name with [[Swedish language|Swedish]] origin for a little [[box]], container, "dosa"; it can also refer to televisions, electronics or machinery), ''pimppi'', ''pimpsa'', ''tuhero'', ''tussu''. The phrase ''tuhannen pillun päreiksi'' ("into shingles for thousand pussies") is similar or like the English saying "blown to smithereens", i.e. broken into thousands of pieces. It exhibits the tendency for alliteration in Finnish expressions. A ''pillunpäre'' ("pussy shingle") is a [[wood shingle]] used as a disposable bench cover in [[Finnish sauna|sauna]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etlehti.fi/blogit/reijan-rasymatto/ihastele-virkattuja-miehia-ja-kantaa-ottavia-ryijyja|title=Ihastele virkattuja miehiä ja kantaa ottavia ryijyjä – Reijan räsymatto|date=December 5, 2016|website=ET|access-date=October 21, 2019}}</ref> ''{{lang|fi|Antaa pillua}}'' ("give pussy") means that a woman agrees to [[sexual intercourse]] with a man, and ''{{lang|fi|saada pillua}}'' ("get some pussy") means that a man gets permission from a woman to have intercourse with her.

===piru===
{{further|Piru (spirit)}}
: Piru, meaning ''devil'', is not always considered a swearword but sometimes used in a similar fashion to the word ''damn'': "Piru vieköön" (lit. "let (the) Devil take (it)"). A more proper word for ''devil'' is ''paholainen''. The derivative word ''pirullinen'' ("devilish", "diabolical") is used as in English; ''piruuttaan'' is roughly equivalent to "just for kicks", but the literal meaning "out of one's devilishness" is a more accurate translation.

===reva===
: Reva is another reference to the [[human female reproductive system|female genitalia]], akin to "vittu" (see below). It is also used to refer to backside ("perse" or ''ass''). However, it is not an actual swearword but carries a notion of vulgarity. The former chairman of [[Parliament of Finland|Finnish Parliament]], Mrs. [[Riitta Uosukainen]] used the word in her controversial autobiography '''''Liehuva liekinvarsi''''', where she described herself in the sexual encounters between her and Mr. [[Topi Uosukainen]] as ''rintaa, reittä ja revää{{sic}}'' ("[I was nothing but]... breasts, thighs and quim.") Reva is also used occasionally in reference to buttocks and can therefore also be translated as "arse". A loose translation for ''{{lang|fi|Täyden kympin reva}}'' is "Top class arse".

===runkata===
: ''Runkata'' (verb) is an informal and profane word that means "to masturbate". "Runkata", and the agent ''runkkari'' or ''runkku'' ("wanker", "jerk-off") are quite offensive words and rarely used outside of direct insults, most often combined with other swearwords. When used by itself, its meaning is normally more literal.

===ryökäle===
: Scoundrel. A curse word specific to the older generation, now considered non-offensive.

===Saatana===
: Saatana means quite literally ''[[Satan]]'', but used in a similar fashion to ''helvetti''. Often used less crude replacement words for it are ''saamari'', ''samperi'' and ''saakeli''. Along with "perkele", "vittu" and "jumalauta", this is one of the most classic and most used words in Finnish. Often used together with ''helvetti'' as ''saatanan helvetti''. The derivative term ''saatanallinen'' ("satanic") is used in context as in English. Finnish group [[The Dudesons]], in [[The Dudesons Movie]], declared Saatana and Perkele to be the most common things heard on the show, Perkele being Satan's grandfather.

===skeida===
: ''Skeida'' (skay-dah) is [[Helsinki slang]] for "[[shit]]". Because of its newer origin, it is considered less profane than ''paska'', although still not exactly a nice word to say. ''Skeida'' can be used as a profane insult (''tää on täyttä skeidaa'' "this is full of shit") but unlike ''paska'', it is not used as an exclamation or a curse by itself. Although the word is fairly well known in Helsinki, people from outside the capital area might not understand it. ''Skeida'' is also used to mean garbage or trash.

===vittu===
: ''Vittu'' ({{Audio|Fi-vittu.ogg|Pronunciation of "vittu"}}) is an ancient word but nowadays very derogatory word for the female genitalia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiedätkö vittu-sanan juuret? |work=Terve.fi |date=25 June 2012 |access-date=3 February 2023 |url= https://www.terve.fi/artikkelit/tiedatko-vittu-sanan-juuret |language=fi  }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=vittu suomesta englanniksi |work=Redfox Sanakirja |access-date=3 February 2023 |url= https://redfoxsanakirja.fi/fi/sanakirja/-/s/fin/eng/vittu |language=fi }}</ref>

==References==
<references />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070119221840/http://koti.mbnet.fi/joyhan/D1.html Slangi.net sanastot] &ndash; Net based Finnish - Helsinki slang dictionary (in Finnish)

{{Profanity}}

[[Category:Culture of Finland|Profanity]]
[[Category:Finnish profanity| ]]
[[Category:Profanity by language]]
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