Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|National flag}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox flag
| Article = 
| Name = [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| Image = Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg
| Nickname = 
| Morenicks = 
| Use = 111000
| Symbol = {{FIAV|111000}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Mirror}}
| Proportion = 1:2
| Adoption = {{Start date and age|1998|02|04|df=yes}} (updated 10 August 2001)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081119223607/http://www.mpr.gov.ba/userfiles/file/Biblioteka/zakoni/hr/ZAKON%20O%20ZASTAVI%20BiH/Zakon%20o%20zastavi%20BiH%20-%2019%20-%2001.pdf ''Zakon o zastavi Bosne i Hercegovine'']  ({{lang-en|Law on the State flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}), published on 3 August 2001 and valid from 10 August 2001; according to the Article 13 of the Law which proclaimed ''vacatio legis'' of seven days. Službeni glasnik BiH dated: 10 August 2001) ({{lang-en|Official Gazette of Bosn. & Herz.}}) No. 19/01, published on 3 August 2001.</ref>
| Design = A medium blue field with a yellow right triangle separating said field; along the hypotenuse of the triangle, there are seven full five-pointed white stars and two half stars at the top and bottom of the flag.
| Designer = {{ill|Mladen Kolobarić|de}}. The flag was proclaimed by the High Representative [[Carlos Westendorp]]
| Type = National
}}

[[File:Bosnian flags in Sarajevo.jpg|thumb|The flag of [[ARBiH]], the flag of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and the flag of the [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] flying in front of the grave of [[Alija Izetbegović]].]]

The '''flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina''' ({{lang-sh|{{lang|sh-Latn|zastava Bosne i Hercegovine}} / {{lang|sh-Cyrl|italics=no|застава Босне и Херцеговине}}}}) contains a medium blue field with a yellow [[right triangle]] separating said field, and there are seven full five-pointed white [[Star (polygon)|stars]] and two half stars top and bottom along the [[hypotenuse]] of the triangle.

The three points of the triangle stand for the three main ethnic groups (or "constituent peoples") of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]: [[Bosniaks]], [[Croats]], and [[Serbs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/outside-world-chooses-new-flag-for-bosnia-1142950.html|title=Outside world chooses new flag for Bosnia|date=5 February 1998|website=Independent.co.uk|access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> The triangle represents the approximate shape of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.<ref name="Cia2017">{{cite web|title=The World Factbook: Field listing flag description|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2081.html|website=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=6 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701210145/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2081.html|archive-date=1 July 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The stars, representing [[Europe]], are meant to be infinite in number and thus they continue from top to bottom. The flag features colors often associated with neutrality and peace – white, blue, and yellow. They are also colors traditionally associated with Bosnian culture and history.<ref name="Cia2017" /> The blue background is evocative of the [[flag of Europe]].<ref name="Bbc2017">{{Cite web |title=BBC News {{!}} Europe {{!}} New flag imposed on Bosnians |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/53480.stm |access-date=2023-02-08 |website=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="balkaninsight.com" />

The Bosnian national flag is often used also for official purposes by the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], one of the constituent entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

==History==
{{more citations needed section|date=January 2017}}

=== Bosnian Banate from 1154 until 1377 ===
Used by [[Stjepan II Kotromanic]].
<gallery>
File:Banate of Bosnia flag of Stjepan II Kotromanic.svg|Royal banner of the Banate of Bosnia
</gallery>

=== Bosnian Kingdom from 1377 until 1463 ===
The flag of the [[Kingdom of Bosnia]] was based on coat of arms of the Bosnian dynasty [[Kotromanić dynasty|Kotromanić]], king [[Tvrtko I of Bosnia|Tvrtko I]] and his successors. The flag of medieval Bosnia was white with the coat of arms of the Kotromanić dynasty in the middle which consisted of a blue shield with six gold [[fleur de lis|fleur de lys]] displayed around a white [[bend (heraldry)|bend]].

<gallery>
File:Bosnian Royal Flag of Tvrtko I of Bosnia (rotated).svg|Royal banner of the Kingdom of Bosnia
</gallery>

===Western Herzegovina 1760 flag===
The green flag with the white [[crescent and star]] pointing to the left was used by [[Bosniaks|Bosniak]] landlords in border parts in southern and western [[Herzegovina]]. The flag was most commonly used in wars. It also accompanied the troops of the [[Eyalet of Bosnia]] during the [[Battle of Khotyn (1673)|second siege of Khotyn]] in [[Moldavia]]. It differs from [[Ottoman flag]] by size and direction of crescent, as well as its swallow-shape, similar to some West-European jacks and ensigns.
{{gallery|noborder=yes|whitebg=no|width=100|height=120
|File:Western Herzegovina 1760 flag.svg| Western Herzegovina flag, 1760
}}

===Bosnian Revolt of 1830s flag===
In the 1830s revolt by [[Husein Gradaščević]] the green flag with a yellow crescent and star was used. The revolt's aim was for Bosnia to gain autonomy from the [[Ottoman Empire]].
<gallery>
File:Flag of Bosnia (1831-1832).svg|Bosnian Revolt Flag, 1831
</gallery>

===Austro-Hungarian rule===
When the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]] [[Austro-Hungarian annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina]] the flag was changed. The province of Bosnia used a flag that was red and yellow horizontally, but the province of Herzegovina used the same flag but with reversed colors (yellow and red).
The [[coat of arms]] is one of Stjepan Vukčić Kosača, Bosnian [[nobility|noble]] and [[duke]] from 14th century. The original medieval [[coat of arms]] had a white background and two red stripes in the top of the shield. It was Similar to the old flag of the Western Bosnian Flag. <gallery>
File:Flag of Bosnia (1908-1918).svg|Flag of the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina during Austro-Hungarian administration (the country was formally under the sovereignty of the [[Ottoman Empire]]) (1878–1908)
File:Flag of Bosnia (1878-1908).svg|Flag of Bosnia after Austro-Hungarian annexation (1878–1908)
File:Flag of Bosnia (1908).svg|Flag of Bosnia after Austro-Hungarian annexation (1908)
File:Flag of Herzegovina (1878-1918).svg|Flag of Herzegovina after Austro-Hungarian annexation (1878–1918)
File:Flag of Bosnia (1908-1918).svg|Flag of Bosnia after Austro-Hungarian annexation (1908–1918)
</gallery>
{{Clear}}

=== Yugoslav period ===
During the interwar period [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]], Bosnia and Herzegovina had neither a status within it nor a flag to go with. It was not until after [[World War II in Yugoslavia]] and disestablishment of the monarchy that this changed, as Bosnia and Herzegovina became [[Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|its own republic]] within the newly established [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|federal Yugoslavia]].<ref name="yu-fotw">{{cite web |url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-ba.html |title=Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Socialist Yugoslavia) |first1=Željko |last1=Heimer |first2=Velid-aga |last2=Jerlagić |website=[[Flags of the World (website)|Flags of the World]] |year=2006 |access-date=10 March 2023}}</ref>

Without constitutional recognition, the mid-war [[Federal State of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] first adopted the flag flown by [[Yugoslav Partisans#Bosnia and Herzegovina 2|Bosnian-Herzegovinian Partisans]] during the war—a wholly [[Red flag (politics)|red flag]] with a narrowly gold-bordered [[red star]] in its centre, both symbolizing socialism and communism.<ref name="yu-fotw"/> The flag was usually accompanied on official buildings by the [[Flag of Yugoslavia|flag of the federal Yugoslavia]] and the flag of the [[League of Communists of Yugoslavia]]. <!-- Because of this, many buildings in former Bosnia and Herzegovina still carry a three-poled flag holder. --> A smaller version of the flag served as the civil ensign while an elongated banner version was seen flown in front of the [[Parliament of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav parliament]].{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}

<gallery>
File:Bosnian-Herzegovinian Partisans flag.svg|The flag of the Bosnian—Herzegovinian Partisans during [[World War II]] (27 November 1943)<ref name="yu-fotw"/>
File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1943–1946).svg|The Flag of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia during [[World War II]] (1943–1946)
File:Yugoslav Partisans flag (1942-1945).svg|The Flag of the Yugoslav Partisans during [[World War II]] (16 December 1942) 
</gallery>

Wide public discussion ahead of constitutional adoption resulted in the overall opinion that the state flag should be red, like the one initially flown by liberation movements, and not in national [[pan-Slavic colors|pan-Slavic]] tricolors of [[Flag of Serbia|Serbs]] and [[Flag of Croatia|Croats]] which were argued to have been an "import" from a later stage of the war.<ref name="yu-fotw"/> This discussion was in response to the first proposed flag from 15 November 1946, which matched the federal flag except with an additional golden star placed behind the existing gold-bordered red star in the centre, with their rays positioned interchangeably. Belgrade officials listened to the public opinion, but proceeded to add the federal Yugoslav tricolor to the canton of a plain red flag to symbolize the republic's affiliation to the Federation, and as such it was officially adopted on 31 December 1946.<ref name="yu-fotw"/> In the real-world usage, this flag had a variant with a much larger canton which was offset from the edges and bordered in white. This variant was eventually proposed sometime in 1947, but was never adopted.<ref name="yu-fotw"/>

Bosnia and Herzegovina also had [[Emblem of Yugoslavia#Emblems of the Yugoslav Republics|a new coat of arms]] during Yugoslav rule; it was a symbol of Bosnian [[industrialism]] at the time. A red flag with central elements of this coat of arms in the canton was erroneously reported in one contemporary book to have been the flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.<ref name="yu-fotw"/>

<gallery>
File:First Proposed Flag of the Peoples Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|Proposed flag of the People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (15 November 1946)<ref name="yu-fotw"/>
File:Erroneous flag report of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina.png|The flag that was in an error reported as the new flag of BiH in one contemporary book<ref name="yu-fotw"/>
File:1947 Proposed Flag of the People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|Proposed flag of the People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1947)<ref name="yu-fotw"/>
File:Flag of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|Flag of the SR of Bosnia and Herzegovina (31 December 1946 − 6 April 1992)<ref name="yu-fotw"/>
</gallery>

=== Independent Republic Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995) ===
[[File:Flag cemetery Mostar.JPG|thumb|{{FIAV|historical}} A cemetery in Mostar flying the flag of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (left), the flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the flag of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
On 3 March 1992 Bosnia and Herzegovina declared its independence from [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]. Initially the newly independent [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] continued to use the flag of the [[Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] until a new flag was adopted on 20 May 1992. The flag picked was the arms of the Kings of Bosnia [[Kotromanić dynasty]], who ruled from 1377 until 1463 over the area that is present day [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Dalmatia]], consisted of a blue shield with six [[Golden Lily (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|golden lilies]] displayed around a white [[bend (heraldry)|bend]]; the golden lily is the [[Lilium bosniacum]], which is a native lily to the area. The flag chosen in 1992 has a [[white background]] with the Bosnian lily in the center. It was and it still is the main [[bosniaks|bosniak]] national flag. Though it is no longer an official flag of the state, the flag continues to be used unofficially by Bosniak civilians as their [[ethnic flag]],<ref name="balkaninsight.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/bosnia-s-foreign-flag-still-draws-mixed-feelings-12-05-2017|date=6 December 2017|first=Mladen|last=Lakic|title=Bosnia's 'Foreign' Flag Still Draws Mixed Feelings|work=Balkan Insight|access-date=22 January 2019}}</ref> used at football games, as part of political rallies, and other such events.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/op-ed/2015/11/23/geopolitical-importance-of-bosnia-herzegovina-in-global-relations|title=Geopolitical importance of Bosnia-Herzegovina in global relations|date=23 November 2015|access-date=12 January 2019|work=Daily Sabah|first=Kemal|last=Obad|location=Turkey}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Flag of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (3 March 1992 − 20 May 1992)
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1998).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (20 May 1992 − 3 February 1998) 
File:Flag of the Republika Srpska.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the [[Republika Srpska (1992-1995)]]
File:Flag of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the [[Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia|Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia]]
</gallery>

===Bosnia and Herzegovina after the Dayton Accords===
The [[Bosnian Serbs]], before and after the signing of the [[Dayton Agreement]], viewed the flag with the six fleurs-de-lys as only representing the Bosniaks (i.e. Bosnian Muslims) of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The flag of the state was eventually changed into the current, post-1998 flag. The current flag was introduced by the [[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina|UN High Representative]] [[Carlos Westendorp]] after the Parliament of Bosnia and Herzegovina could not decide on a solution that was acceptable to all parties.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/outside-world-chooses-new-flag-for-bosnia-1142950.html | title=Outside world chooses new flag for Bosnia | website=[[Independent.co.uk]] | date=5 February 1998 }}</ref> Aside from the colors, the current flag contains no historical or other references to the Bosnian state.<ref name="balkaninsight.com"/> The flag is rarely ever seen in [[Republika Srpska]],<ref name="balkaninsight.com"/> whose residents prefer to fly either that entity's regional flag or [[Flag of Serbia|the Serbian national flag]] instead.<ref name="balkaninsight.com"/> Some Bosniaks dislike or have no particular affinity for the flag, preferring the former Bosnian national flag used from 1992 to 1998 ,<ref name="balkaninsight.com"/> or the former socialist-era [[Flag of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] flag instead.<ref name="balkaninsight.com"/>
<gallery>
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|{{FIAV|normal}} Flag of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (4 February 1998 − present)
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (construction sheet).svg|Construction sheet
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (vertical).png|Vertical flag.
</gallery>
{{Clear}}

== Colors scheme==

The official colors of the flag are:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/ba.html|title=Bosnia and Herzegovina|website=www.fotw.info}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
!Colors
![[Pantone]]
!CMYK
!RGB
!Hexadecimal
|-
|style="background:#001489;color:#fff"|Blue
|Reflex Blue C
|100, 87, 0, 20
|0, 20, 137
|#001489
|-
|style="background:#ffcd00"|Yellow
|116 C
|0, 10, 98, 0
|255, 205, 0
|#FFCD00
|}

== Alternative flag proposals ==
The first flag that was proposed in the First Set of Proposals was the "Czech Pattern", similar to the [[flag of the Czech Republic]].  It was intended to represent all [[Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina|three constitutive nations]] living in Bosnia and Herzegovina.  The next proposal was the "Laurel branch".  It is based on the light blue color of the [[Flag of the United Nations|United Nations Flag]].  It would have had a golden [[olive branch]] in the middle.  The olive branch is taken from the [[United Nations]] emblem.  The flag would have only one branch.  The branch was rotated around 30 degrees counterclockwise.  The third proposal was the "Map" proposal.  It would also use the United Nations light blue color; however, there would be the addition of a white outline map of Bosnia and Herzegovina.  No official text was ever published specifying the color of the outline, but it probably would have been white.

<gallery>
File:BiH_flag_proposal_(three_nations).svg|[[File:FIAV proposal.svg|20px]]<small>First alternative flag of first proposal</small>
File:Flag of BiH (first set of proposals 2).svg|[[File:FIAV proposal.svg|20px]]<small>Second alternative flag of first proposal</small>
File:Flag of BiH (First set of proposal 3).svg|[[File:FIAV proposal.svg|20px]]<small>Third alternative flag of first proposal</small>
</gallery>

The Second Set of Proposals had flags that were truly representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a whole.  The first flag design was a diagonally striped tricolor pattern of red to white to blue (different colors but in the same pattern as the [[Flag of the Republic of the Congo]]). In the centre there would be a blue map of Bosnia and Herzegovina outlined in yellow in the middle inside a circle of 10 five-pointed yellow stars.  The flag would have been a 1:2 ratio. The second flag proposed was very similar except it had 12 five-pointed stars to represent the [[European Union]].  The [[Flag of Europe]] has the 12 five-pointed stars.  The third design was a bit more different from the first two designs. The diagonal tricolur shape was kept, but the diagonal white stripe was made wider so that the angle was not perfectly 45 degrees.  In the center there was a yellow map of Bosnia and Herzegovina outlined in green and under it there were two green olive branches.  The olive branch pattern was the same one that the United Nations uses in its flag.  The final fourth design was kept the same emblem from the third design, but did not have the diagonal stripes. Instead it had a horizontal tricolor pattern of blue, white, and red (from top to bottom), similar to that of the former [[Yugoslavia]].

<gallery>
File:B&H First Alternative Flag of Second Proposal.svg|[[File:FIAV proposal.svg|20px]]<small>First alternative flag of second proposal</small>
File:B&H Second Alternative Flag of Second Proposal.svg|[[File:FIAV proposal.svg|20px]]<small>Second alternative flag of second proposal</small>
File:B&H Third Alternative Flag of Second Proposal.svg|[[File:FIAV proposal.svg|20px]]<small>Third alternative flag of second proposal</small>
File:B&H Fourth Alternative Flag of Second Proposal.svg|[[File:FIAV proposal.svg|20px]]<small>Fourth alternative flag of second proposal</small>
</gallery>

The first [[Carlos Westendorp|Westendorp]] alternative flag was a highly similar one to today's flag, a diagonally divided top-hoist to bottom-fly yellow over light blue flag with line of 9 white five-pointed stars in the light blue field along the diagonal. The only major difference was that the color of the background was UN blue. The second Carlos Westendorp alternative flag is a light blue flag (using the United Nations' flag's colors) with 5 bars interchangeably coming out of hoist and not reaching the other end. The colors are interchangeably yellow and white. In the third alternative flag, the field was light blue and had five narrow yellow bars.

<gallery>
File:First Westendorp Proposal of BiH flag.svg|[[File:FIAV proposal.svg|20px]]<small>First Carlos Westendorp alternative flag proposal</small>
File:Second Westendorp Proposal of BiH flag.svg|[[File:FIAV proposal.svg|20px]]<small>Second Carlos Westendorp alternative flag proposal</small>
File:Flag of BiH (third Westendorp proposal).svg|[[File:FIAV proposal.svg|20px]]<small>Third Carlos Westendorp alternative flag proposal</small>
</gallery>

Westendorp's decision ended up being the first alternative flag. However, it was changed slightly to a darker blue, evocative of the [[Flag of Europe|European Union's flag]].<ref name="balkaninsight.com"/>

==Flags of administrative divisions==
===Entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina===
<gallery>
File:Flag of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996-2007).svg|[[Flag of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (5 November 1996 – 14 June 2007)
File:Flag of Republika Srpska.svg|[[Flag of Republika Srpska]] (6 April 1992 – present)
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
* [[List of Bosnian and Herzegovinian flags]]
* [[Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
* [[Flag of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
* [[Flag of Republika Srpska]]
* [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
*[[Flag of Kosovo]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{commonscat-inline}}
*{{Wikiquote-inline}}
*{{FOTW|id=ba|title=Bosnia and Herzegovina}}

{{Bosnia and Herzegovina topics}}
{{Flag of Europe}}
{{nationalflags}}

[[Category:National flags|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Flags of Bosnia and Herzegovina| ]]
[[Category:Flags adopted through competition|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Flags introduced in 1998|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
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