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{{short description|National flag}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox flag
| Name       = Republic of Colombia
| Image      = Flag of Colombia.svg
| Nickname   = ''El Tricolor Nacional''<br />("The National Tricolor")
| Use        = 111010
| Symbol     = {{FIAV|111010}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Equal}}
| Proportion = 2:3
| Adoption   = {{start date and age|1861|11|26|df=y}}
| Design     = A horizontal tricolour of yellow (double-width), blue and red.
| Image2     = Civil Ensign of Colombia.svg
| Proportion2 = 2:3
| Use2        = 000100
| Symbol2   = {{FIAV|000100}} {{FIAV|Equal}}
| Design2    =  The national flag defaced in the centre with a blue ellipse outlined in red and an eight-pointed white star.
| Image3     = Naval Ensign of Colombia.svg
| Proportion3 = 2:3
| Use3        = 000001
| Symbol3   = {{FIAV|000001}} {{FIAV|Mirror}}
| Design3    =  The national flag defaced in the centre with a white circle outlined in red and the [[coat of arms of Colombia]].
}}

The [[national flag|national]] '''flag of Colombia''' symbolises Colombian independence from Spain, gained on 20 July 1810.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.colombiainfo.org/en-us/colombia/flagandarms.aspx|title=Flag and Arms of Colombia|work=ColombiaInfo.org - The Colombia Information Site|access-date=2018-04-13|language=en-US}}</ref> It is a horizontal [[tricolour (flag)|tricolor]] of yellow, blue and red. The yellow stripe takes up a half of the flag and the blue and red take up a quarter of the space each.

==Symbolism and design==
{{unreferenced section|date=May 2020}}
[[File:Castillo San Felipe de Barajas 01.JPG|thumb|200px|right|Flag of Colombia atop [[Castillo San Felipe de Barajas]] in [[Cartagena, Colombia]].]]
[[File:Flag of Colombia (construction sheet).svg|thumb|250px|right|Construction sheet of Colombia national flag.]]

The horizontal stripes (from top to bottom) of yellow, blue and red tricolor have a ratio of 2:1:1. It—together with that of [[Flag of Ecuador|Ecuador]], also derived from the [[flag of Gran Colombia]]—is different from most other tricolor flags, either vertical or horizontal, in having stripes which are not equal in size. ([[Venezuela]], whose flag is also derived from the same source, opted for [[Flag of Venezuela|a more conventional tricolor with equal stripes]]).

The official colors have not yet been established by law. The Colombian Olympic Committee approved the following colors for the London 2012 Summer Olympics:<ref>{{Citation|last=|first=|title=Flags and anthems manual London 2012 : SPP final version / London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games|date=2012|url=https://library.olympics.com/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/34593/flags-and-anthems-manual-london-2012-spp-final-version-london-organising-committee-of-the-olympic-ga|pages=31|publisher=Summer Olympic Games Organizing Committee|language=English|access-date=2021-06-04}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable width=60% style="text-align:center;"
|-
![[File:Flag of Colombia.svg|30px]]<br>Colours scheme
!style="background:#FCD116"| Yellow
!style="background:#003893; color:#FFFFFF"| <span style="color:white;">Blue</span>

!style="background:#CE1126; color:#FFFFFF"| <span style="color:white;">Red</span>
|-
| [[Pantone]] || 116 || 287 || 186
|-
| [[RGB]] ([[Hex triplet|hex]]) || 252-209-22 (#FCD116) || 0-56-147 (#003893) || 206-17-38 (#CE1126)
|-
| [[CMYK]] || C0-M17.1-Y91.3-K0 || C100-M61.9-Y0-K42.4 || C0-M91.7-Y81.6-K19.2
|}

According to the current interpretation, the colors represent:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-27 |title=.:: Presidencia de la República de Colombia ::. |url=http://www.presidencia.gov.co/prensa_new/historia/bandera1.htm |access-date=2022-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427183809/http://www.presidencia.gov.co/prensa_new/historia/bandera1.htm |archive-date=2012-04-27 }}</ref>

* {{legend|#FCD116|'''[[Yellow (color)|Yellow]]''': Represents the riches of the country, the wealth of the Colombian soil, the [[gold]], [[sovereignty]], [[harmony]], [[justice]] and [[agriculture]], as well as the [[Sun]], the source of light.}}
* {{legend|#003893|'''[[Blue (color)|Blue]]''': Represents the sky above, the seas on Colombia's shores, and the rivers that run through.}}
* {{legend|#CE1126|'''[[Red (color)|Red]]''': Represents the blood spilled for [[Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada|Colombia's independence]] and also the effort of Colombian people, their [[determination]] and [[Perseverance (virtue)|perseverance]]. It represents that although Colombia's people once struggled, they have since thrived.}}

The flag's colors have other representations, such as blue for loyalty and vigilance, red for the victory of battles for Colombian independence, and yellow for sovereignty and justice.

== History ==
[[Francisco de Miranda]] originally created the common yellow, blue, and red [[flag of Gran Colombia]] that Colombia, [[flag of Ecuador|Ecuador]] and [[flag of Venezuela|Venezuela]], with slight variations, share today. Miranda gave at least two sources of inspiration for his flag. In a letter written to [[Semyon Vorontsov|Count Simon Romanovich Woronzoff]]  and philosopher [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]], Miranda described a late-night conversation he had had with Goethe at a party in Weimar during the winter of 1785. Fascinated by Miranda's account of his exploits in the [[American Revolutionary War|United States Revolutionary War]] and his travels throughout the Americas and Europe, Goethe told him, "Your destiny is to create in your land a place where primary colors are not distorted." He proceeded to clarify what he meant:

{{quote| ''First he explained to me the way the [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]] transforms light into the three primary colours […] then he proved to me why yellow is the most warm, noble and closest to [white] light; why blue is that mix of excitement and serenity, a distance that evokes shadows; and why red is the exaltation of yellow and blue, the synthesis, the vanishing of light into shadow''.}}

{{quote| ''It is not that the world is made of yellows, blues and reds; it is that in this manner, as if in an infinite combination of these three colours, we human beings see it. […] A country [Goethe concluded] starts out from a name and a flag, and it then becomes them, just as a man fulfils his destiny''.}}

After Miranda designed his flag based on this conversation, he recalled seeing a fresco by [[Lazzaro Tavarone]] in the Palazzo Belimbau in [[Genoa]] that depicted [[Christopher Columbus]] unfurling a similar-colored flag in [[Duchy of Veragua|Veragua]] during his [[Voyages of Christopher Columbus|fourth voyage]].<ref>Serpa Erazo, Jorge, [summary of Ricardo Silva Romero's] [http://www.armada.mil.co/?idcategoria=54629 "La Bandera del Mundo."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812065646/http://www.armada.mil.co/?idcategoria=54629 |date=2007-08-12 }} ''Pañol de la Historia''. Part 1, Section 1 (July 30, 2004). ISSN 1900-3447. Retrieved on 2008-12-02</ref>{{Better source needed|date=November 2020}}

In his military diary, Miranda gave another possible source of inspiration: the yellow, blue and red [[Heraldic flag|standard]] of the Burger Guard (''Bürgerwache'') of [[Hamburg]], which he also saw during his travels in Germany.<ref>Dousdebés, Pedro Julio, "Las insignias de Colombia," ''Boletín de historia y antigüedades'', August 1937, 462, cited in Nelson González Ortega, "Formación de la iconografía nacional en Colombia: una lectura semiótico-social," ''Revista de Estudios Colombianos'', No. 16 (1996), 20.</ref><ref>{{Citation | last = Miranda | first = Francisco | author2 = Josefina Rodríguez de Alonso | author3 = José Luis Salcedo-Bastardo | title = Colombeia: Segunda sección: El viajero ilustrado, 1787-1788 | place = Caracas | publisher = Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República | year = 1983 | volume = 4 | page = 415 | isbn = 84-499-6610-8 | quote= April 19:[…] around 5:30 in the evening I had the pleasure of seeing the Burger Guard pass by with flag waving and drums beating, which it does every day at a similar time […] The [officers of the] infantry wore red with a yellow emblem, and the artillery blue with red emblem.}}</ref>

In the 1801 plan for an army to [[Spanish American wars of independence|liberate Spanish America]], which he submitted unsuccessfully to the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|British cabinet]], Miranda requested the materials for "ten flags, whose colors shall be red, yellow, and blue, in three zones."<ref>{{Citation | last = Miranda | first = Francisco | author2 = Josefina Rodríguez de Alonso | author3 = José Luis Salcedo-Bastardo | title = Colombeia: Primera parte: Miranda, súbdito español, 1750-1780 | place = Caracas | publisher = Ediciones de la Presidencia de la República | year = 1978 | volume = 1 | page = 80 | isbn = 978-84-499-5163-3}}</ref> However, the first flag was not raised until 12 March 1806, in [[Jacmel]], [[Haiti]], during his ill-fated expedition to Venezuela.

==Gallery of flags==
'''National flag'''
<gallery>
File:Flag of Colombia.svg|{{FIAV|normal}} National flag and state ensign of Colombia
</gallery>
'''Historical flags'''
<gallery>
File:Flag of New Granada (1811-1814).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of United Provinces of New Granada (1811–1814), later adopted and used by [[Jean Lafitte]] from 1817 to 1821 at Galveston Island, Spanish Texas, New Spain
File:Flag of New Granada (1814-1816).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of United Provinces of New Granada (1814–1816)
File:Flag of the Gran Colombia (1819-1820).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} [[Flag of Gran Colombia]] (1819)
File:Flag of the Gran Colombia (1820-1821).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of Gran Colombia (1820)
File:Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of Gran Colombia (1821–1831)
File:Flag of New Granada (1830-1834).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of New Granada (1831–1834)
File:Flag of New Granada.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of [[Republic of New Granada]] (1834–1858) and [[Granadine Confederation]] (1858–1861)
File:Flag of United States of New Granada.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of [[United States of Colombia|United States of New Granada]] (1861)
File:Flag of Colombia.svg|{{FIAV|normal}} Flag of United States of Colombia (1861–1886) and Republic of Colombia (1886–present)
</gallery>
'''Military and civil flags'''
<gallery>
File:Civil Ensign of Colombia.svg|Civil ensign of Colombia
File:Naval Ensign of Colombia.svg|Naval ensign of Colombia
File:Military flag of Colombia.svg|Military flag of Colombia
File:Flag of the President of Colombia.svg|War flag of Colombia
File:New-Flag-of-the-President-of-Colombia.svg|Presidential flag of Colombia
</gallery>
'''Historical military and civil flags'''
<gallery>
File:Civil ensign of New Granada.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Civil ensign of [[Granadine Confederation]] (1858–1861)
File:Naval ensign of New Granada.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Military flag and naval ensign of [[Republic of New Granada]] (1834–1858) 
File:Civil ensign of United States of Colombia.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Civil ensign of [[United States of Colombia]] (1861–1886)
File:Naval ensign of United States of Colombia.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Military flag and [[naval ensign]] of [[United States of Colombia]] (1861–1886)
</gallery>
'''Construction sheets'''
<gallery>
File:Flag of Colombia (construction sheet).svg|Construction sheet of the national flag
File:Civil flag of Colombia (construction sheet).svg|Construction sheet of the civil ensign
File:Naval flag of Colombia (construction sheet).png|Construction sheet of the naval ensign
File:Military flag of Colombia (construction sheet).png|Construction sheet of the military flag
File:Presidential flag of Colombia (construction sheet).png|Construction sheet of the war flag
File:New Presidential flag of Colombia (construction sheet).png|Construction sheet of the new presidential flag
</gallery>

==Gallery of images==
<gallery>
File:Bogotá - Bandera de Colombia - CAN.JPG|Colombian tricolor waving in [[Bogotá]].
File:Colombian flag on ARC Gloria.png|Colombian flag hoisted on the [[ARC Gloria]] barque, the official flagship of the [[Colombian Navy]].
File:Flags of Colombia in Cartagena.jpg|Colombian tricolor in a colonial building corridor in [[Cartagena, Colombia|Cartagena de Indias]].
File:Roller Speed Skating 2018 YOG Women 5000m Elimination Final (150).jpg|Colombian roller skater celebrating her victory at the youth Olympics with a Colombian flag.
File:2013 IAAF World Championship in Moscow Triple Jump Women Winner CATERINE IBARGUEN.JPG|Olympic Champion [[Caterine Ibargüen]] celebrating her first world title at the [[2013 World Championships in Athletics]] in Moscow.
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Colombia}}
* [[List of Colombian flags]]
* [[Coat of arms of Colombia]]
* [[National Anthem of Colombia|¡Oh, Gloria inmarcesible!]]
* [[Flag of Russia]] (nearly identical design, white stripe instead of yellow)
* [[Flag of Lithuania]] (nearly identical design, green stripe instead of blue)

==References==
{{Reflist|}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|National flag of Colombia}}
* {{FOTW|id=co|title=Colombia}}
* [http://www.presidencia.gov.co/historia/bandera1.htm Colombian flag history (Spanish)]
* [http://www.going2colombia.com/flag-of-colombia.html Colombian flag history (English)] 
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq8LAAAAYAAJ Joaquín Piñeros Corpas, ''Historia de la bandera colombiana'' (1967) 183pp.]

{{Symbols of Colombia}}
{{South America topic|Flag of|title=[[Flags of South America]]}}
{{nationalflags}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Flag Of Colombia}}
[[Category:Flags of Colombia| ]]
[[Category:Flags introduced in 1861|Colombia]]
[[Category:National flags|Colombia]]
[[Category:National symbols of Colombia]]<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] -->
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