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{{Short description|Japanese animation studio}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Gainax
| native_name = 株式会社ガイナックス
| native_name_lang = ja
| romanized_name = Kabushiki-gaisha Gainakkusu
| logo = GAINAX.svg
| logo_size = 220px
| type = [[Kabushiki-gaisha]]
| genre = 
| parent = 
| predecessor = Daicon Film
| successor = [[Gaina (company)|Gaina]]<br />[[Studio Trigger]]<br />[[Studio Khara]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1984|12|24}}
| founders = [[Hideaki Anno]]<br />[[Yoshiyuki Sadamoto]]<br />[[Hiroyuki Yamaga]]<br />[[Takami Akai]]<br />[[Toshio Okada]]<br />[[Yasuhiro Takeda]]<br />[[Shinji Higuchi]]
| location_city = [[Musashino, Tokyo]]
| location_country = [[Japan]]
| locations = 
| key_people = Yasuhiro Kamimura<br />  Yuko Takaishi<br /> Atsushi Moriyama<br /> Yoshiki Usa<br /> Nobuhiko Hayashi
| industry = [[Animation]] ([[Anime#Industry|anime]])
| products = ''[[Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise|Royal Space Force]]''<br />''[[Gunbuster]]''<br />''[[Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water|Nadia]]''<br />''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion]]''<br />''[[FLCL]]''<br />''[[Gurren Lagann]]''
| equity = 
| num_employees = 18
| divisions = 
| subsid = {{ubl|Gainax Kyoto|Yonago Gainax}}
| homepage = [http://www.gainax.co.jp/wp/ gainax.co.jp]
}}

'''Gainax Co., Ltd.''' (stylized as '''GAINAX'''; {{lang-ja|株式会社ガイナックス}}, [[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]]: {{transl|ja|Hepburn|Kabushiki-gaisha Gainakkusu}}) is a Japanese [[anime]] studio famous for productions such as ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion]]'', ''[[Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise|Royal Space Force]]'', ''[[Gunbuster]]'', ''[[Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water]]'',  ''[[Kare Kano]]'', ''[[FLCL]]'', ''[[Magical Shopping Arcade Abenobashi]]'', and ''[[Gurren Lagann]]'', which have garnered critical acclaim<ref>"Considered one of the top 10 films of 1987 by Japanese film critics, The Wings of Honneamise is..." [https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.04/anime_pr.html "Heads Up, Mickey: Anime may be Japan's first really big cultural export"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102134833/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.04/anime_pr.html |date=2012-11-02 }}, Issue 3.04 - Apr 1995, ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]''</ref><ref>The studio's works have garnered them ''[[Animage]]''{{-'}}s coveted Anime Grand Prix award over ten times since 1990.</ref> and commercial success. ''Evangelion'' has reportedly grossed over ¥150 billion, or approximately {{US$}}1.2 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2007/02/12/02.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070214063924/http://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2007/02/12/02.html|title=スポニチ Sponichi Annex ニュース 芸能|archive-date=14 February 2007|publisher=sponichi.co.jp|access-date=7 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> In a discussion at the 2006 [[Tekkoshocon]], [[Matt Greenfield]] claimed that ''Evangelion'' had grossed over {{US$}}2&nbsp;billion;<ref>{{cite speech
 |title=Evangelion: 10 years of Death and Re:Birth
 |first=Matt
 |last=Greenfield
 |author-link=Matt Greenfield
 |event=[[Tekkoshocon]] 2006
 |location=Pittsbugh
 |date=April 2, 2006
 |url= <!-- http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4303537030524950783 -->
}}</ref> Takeda reiterated in 2002 that "It sold record numbers of [[laserdisc]]s in Japan, and the DVD is still selling well today", as well as for their association with award-winning anime director and studio co-founder [[Hideaki Anno]]. The company is headquartered in [[Koganei, Tokyo|Koganei]], [[Tokyo]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Gainax Internet Section |url=http://www.gainax.co.jp/company/profile.html |title=GAINAX NET｜会社案内｜会社概要 |publisher=Gainax.co.jp |access-date=2015-04-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209103919/http://www.gainax.co.jp/company/profile.html |archive-date=2014-02-09 }}</ref>

Until ''Neon Genesis Evangelion'', Gainax typically worked on stories created in-house, but the studio has increasingly developed anime adaptations of existing manga like ''[[Kareshi Kanojo no Jijou]]'' and ''[[Mahoromatic]]''. Series produced by Gainax are often known for their controversial twist endings. The ''[[Animage]]'' Anime Grand Prix has been awarded to Gainax for ''[[Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water]]'' in 1991, ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion]]'' in 1995 and 1996, and ''[[The End of Evangelion]]'' in 1997.

==History==

===Beginnings===
[[Image:Otaku-no-Video-DVDcover.jpg|thumb|right|DVD cover of North American release of ''[[Otaku no Video]]'']]
The studio was formed in the early 1980s as ''Daicon Film'' by university students [[Hideaki Anno]], [[Yoshiyuki Sadamoto]], [[Hiroyuki Yamaga]], [[Takami Akai]], [[Toshio Okada]], [[Yasuhiro Takeda]] and [[Shinji Higuchi]]. Their first project was [[Daicon III and IV Opening Animations|an animated short]] for the 20th Annual [[Japan National SF Convention]], also known as [[Daicon III]], held in 1981 in [[Osaka, Japan]]. The short film is about a girl who fights monsters, robots, and spaceships from early science fiction TV shows and films (including ''[[Ultraman]]'', ''[[Gundam]]'', ''[[Space Runaway Ideon]]'', ''[[Space Battleship Yamato]]'', ''[[Star Trek]]'', ''[[Star Wars]]'', and ''[[Godzilla]]'') until she finally reaches a desert plain and pours a glass of water on a dried-out [[daikon|daikon radish]], which immediately resurrects itself, grows into a huge spaceship, and beams her aboard. Though the short had an ambitious scope, the animation was rough and low-quality.

The group made a much bigger splash with the short they produced for the 22nd Annual Japan National SF Convention, [[Daicon IV]], in 1983. Starting with a better animated recap of their original 1981 short, the short then moves to the girl as a grown woman, wearing a [[Playboy bunny|bunny suit]] and fighting an even wider range of science fiction creatures (including various Mobile Suits from the ''[[Gundam]]'' series, [[Darth Vader]], an [[Alien (creature in Alien franchise)|Alien]], a ''[[The Super Dimension Fortress Macross|Macross]]'' [[VF-1 Valkyrie|Valkyrie]], a [[Pern]] [[Dragons (Pern)|dragon]], [[Aslan]], a [[Klingon]] [[Klingon starships|battle cruiser]], [[Spider-Man]], and a pan across a vast array of hundreds of other characters) while surfing through the sky on the sword [[Stormbringer]]. The action was all set to the [[Electric Light Orchestra]] song "[[Twilight (Electric Light Orchestra song)|Twilight]]", though the group's failure to properly license the song would prevent the short's official release on DVD (and make the limited [[laserdisc]] release of the Daicon shorts very rare and highly sought after items). The Daicon IV short firmly established Daicon Film as a talented new anime studio; albeit small and with only ¥20 million (about US$200,000).<ref name="ASAHI EVENING NEWS 1998">''[[Asahi Shimbun]]''/ASAHI EVENING NEWS. November 13, 1998. "JAPAN- Animator hit for tax evasion" Pg. News.</ref> The studio changed its name to Gainax in 1985, basing the term "Gainax" on an obscure [[Tottori Prefecture]]<ref>Takami Akai is from Tottori and suggested it.</ref> term for "giant", with the English suffix ''-x'' added because it sounded "good and was international".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gainax.fr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=388&Itemid=416 |title=Bienvenue sur le site internet de Sekai Project |publisher=Gainax.fr |access-date=2015-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603083446/http://www.gainax.fr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=388&Itemid=416 |archive-date=2015-06-03 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Gainax's first work as a commercial entity was ''[[Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honneamise]]'', released in 1987. ''Honneamise'' was (and still is) critically acclaimed and a classic anime movie; however, it had a tepid commercial reaction (Gainax did attempt to develop [[Uru in Blue|a sequel]] beginning in March 1992, but was unable to do it due to lack of funds). The next release, the 1988 [[OVA]] ''[[Gunbuster]]'', was a commercial success<ref>" "The first commercial success of the fan-turned-pro studio Gainax, "Gunbuster" ("Aim for the Top!") was the first anime OVA (original video animation) made by and for the "otaku generation" — a series for those who love anime. Not tied to any pre-existing manga or toy campaign, "Gunbuster" was a declaration that anime could be made for its own sake."  Business Wire. October 24, 2006 Tuesday 1:00 PM GMT "Image Entertainment and Bandai Visual USA to Release Classic Anime Series ''Gunbuster''"<!-- It's a press release. So sue me; if I find a better reference, I'll use it. --></ref> and put Gainax on a stabler footing to produce works like ''[[Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water|Nadia]]'' and ''[[Otaku no Video]]''. During this period, Gainax also produced a number of items such as [[garage kits|garage kit]] and adult video games (a major earner which kept Gainax afloat on occasion, though they were sometimes banned).<ref>The first ''Dennou Gakuen (電脳学園)'' game(released July 1989) was banned in July 1992 in [[Miyazaki Prefecture]], the first to be so banned in Japan; Gainax sued, charging the ban was unconstitutional, but lost. See Japan Economic Newswire JANUARY 24, 1994, MONDAY. "Court backs ban on sale, lease of porno computer game". By Miyazaki, Jan. 24 Kyodo</ref>

===''Evangelion''===
[[File:Studio GAINAX.jpg|thumb|Gainax's offices in [[Koganei, Tokyo|Koganei]], [[Tokyo]], circa 2004. The studio since moved to a modest two-story premise, also in Koganei, before moving again to another premise.]]

In 1995, Gainax produced perhaps their best known series, the commercially successful and critically lauded ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion]]''. In the wake of ''Evangelion<nowiki>'s</nowiki>'' success, however, Gainax was [[Financial audit|audited]] by the [[National Tax Agency]] at the urging of the Tokyo Regional Taxation Bureau on suspicion of committing [[tax evasion]] on the massive profits accruing from various ''Evangelion'' properties. It was later revealed that Gainax had concealed ¥1.56 billion worth of income (thereby failing to pay ¥560 million due in [[corporate tax|corporate taxes]]) which it had earned between the release of ''Evangelion'' and July 1997 by paying closely related companies various large fees, ostensibly to pay for animation expenses, but then immediately withdrawing 90% of the sums from the other company's accounts as cash and storing it in [[safe deposit box]]es (leaving 10% as a reward for the other company's assistance).<ref name="ASAHI EVENING NEWS 1998"/>

Gainax president Takeshi Sawamura and tax [[accountant]] Yoshikatsu Iwasaki were arrested on July 13, 1999, and later jailed for accounting fraud.<ref name="ann1999">{{cite web |url=http://www.animenewsservice.com/archives/july99.htm |title=7-13-99—- President Of Gainax Arrested - July 1999 Anime News |date=13 July 1999 |agency=[[Yomiuri Shimbun]] |publisher=Anime News Service |access-date=23 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107095655/http://www.animenewsservice.com/archives/july99.htm |archive-date=7 January 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/1998-11-12/gainax-company-president-admit-tax-evasion |title=Gainax, company president admit tax evasion - News |publisher=[[Anime News Network]] |date=12 November 1998 |access-date=23 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402203628/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/1998-11-12/gainax-company-president-admit-tax-evasion |archive-date=2 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=7-14-99—- President Of Gainax Arrested (More) - July 1999 Anime News |url=http://www.animenewsservice.com/archives/july99.htm |date=14 July 1999 |publisher=Anime News Service |agency=[[Yomiuri Shimbun]] |access-date=23 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107095655/http://www.animenewsservice.com/archives/july99.htm |archive-date=7 January 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Yasuhiro Takeda]] later defended Sawamura's actions as being a reaction to Gainax's perpetually precarious finances and the shaky accounting procedures internally:

<blockquote>Sawamura understood our financial situation better than anyone, so when ''Evangelion'' took off and the money really started rolling in, he saw it as possibly our one and only opportunity to set something aside for the future. I guess he was vulnerable to temptation at that point, because no one knew how long the ''Evangelion'' goose would keep laying golden eggs. I don't think he purposely set out with the goal of evading taxes. It was more that our level of accounting knowledge wasn't up to the task of dealing with revenues on such a large scale.<ref>Takeda 2002, p. 170.</ref></blockquote>

===21st century===
[[File:GainaxHQLQC.jpg|thumb|Former Gainax headquarters in [[Koganei, Tokyo|Koganei]], [[Tokyo]] since 2013. In 2016, Gainax moved to a room in an apartment in [[Musashino, Tokyo|Musashino]], [[Tokyo]].]]

In 2004, Gainax marked their 20th anniversary with the production of ''[[Diebuster]]'', the sequel to ''[[Gunbuster]]''. Gainax's most recent successes on television have been the popular anime series ''[[Gurren Lagann]]'' (2007) and ''[[Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt]]'' (2010). In August 2011, Gainax was sued by A.D. Vision, which claimed Gainax's refusal to accept an [[Option (filmmaking)|option]] payment for the perpetual live-action rights to ''Evangelion'' was a breach of contract and had resulted in losing an opportunity to produce the film with a major studio.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2011/08/12/ad-vision-inc-sues-gainax-co-ltd-over-live-action-evangelion-movie-agreement|title=A.D. Vision, Inc. sues Gainax Co., Ltd. over live-action Evangelion movie agreement|publisher=[[Crunchyroll]]|date=August 12, 2011|access-date=August 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920193657/http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2011/08/12/ad-vision-inc-sues-gainax-co-ltd-over-live-action-evangelion-movie-agreement|archive-date=September 20, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> A.D. Vision asked to be awarded the live-action rights to ''Evangelion'' and any accruing [[English rule (attorney's fees)|legal fees]].

In 2012, Gainax announced it would be producing its first live-action television series, ''EA's Rock'', with director [[Nobuhiro Yamashita]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2012-02-23/gainax-nobuhiro-yamashita-create-live-action-tv-show-ea-rock|title=Gainax, Nobuhiro Yamashita Create Live-Action TV Show EA's Rock|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|date=February 23, 2012|access-date=February 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302022806/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2012-02-23/gainax-nobuhiro-yamashita-create-live-action-tv-show-ea-rock|archive-date=March 2, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> At the 2013 [[Tokyo Anime Fair]], Gainax announced that they would be making once-dead ''Blue Uru'' film with [[Hiroyuki Yamaga]] as the director and screenwriter and [[Yoshiyuki Sadamoto]] as the character designer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gainax Makes Blue Uru Film with Honneamise Yamaga, Sadamoto|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-03-20/gainax-makes-blue-uru-film-with-honneamise-yamaga-sadamoto|publisher=Anime News Network|access-date=21 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323192214/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-03-20/gainax-makes-blue-uru-film-with-honneamise-yamaga-sadamoto|archive-date=23 March 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2015, a new studio and museum were opened in [[Miharu, Fukushima]], with the studio named [[Gaina (company)|Fukushima Gainax]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gainax Sets Up Studio, Museum in Fukushima|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-01-16/gainax-sets-up-studio-museum-in-fukushima/.83353|publisher=Anime News Network|access-date=January 31, 2018|date=January 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201075511/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-01-16/gainax-sets-up-studio-museum-in-fukushima/.83353|archive-date=February 1, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2016, Gainax was sued by [[Studio Khara]] for ¥100 million in unpaid royalties from an agreement that Khara would earn royalties from income received on works and properties that founder [[Hideaki Anno]] had worked on. The suit alleged that Gainax delayed on paying royalties and incurred a large debt with Khara, which had loaned ¥100 million in August 2014, but had yet to receive payment on the loan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20161202/k00/00m/040/144000c|title=経営の「カラー」が古巣「ガイナックス」を提訴|last=Makita|first=Masanori|date=2 December 2016|website=The Mainichi Shimbun|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230220322/https://mainichi.jp/articles/20161202/k00/00m/040/144000c|archive-date=30 December 2019|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-12-01/evangelion-studio-khara-sues-gainax-for-100-million-yen-in-royalties/.109396|title=Evangelion Studio Khara Sues Gainax for 100 Million Yen in Royalties|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|date=1 December 2016|publisher=Anime News Network|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230222223/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-12-01/evangelion-studio-khara-sues-gainax-for-100-million-yen-in-royalties/.109396|archive-date=30 December 2019|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref>  In 2017 the suit was ruled on by a judge at the [[Tokyo District Court]] which ordered Gainax, to pay the full amount in debt owed to Khara. Further, it was reported that Gainax was not expected to appeal the ruling.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-06-23/gainax-ordered-to-pay-studio-khara-100-million-yen/.117898|title=Gainax Ordered to Pay Studio Khara 100 Million Yen|last=Sherman|first=Jennifer|date=23 June 2017|publisher=Anime News Network|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230215331/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-06-23/gainax-ordered-to-pay-studio-khara-100-million-yen/.117898|archive-date=30 December 2019|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sankei.com/affairs/news/170623/afr1706230020-n1.html|title=アニメ制作会社「ガイナックス」に１億円支払い命令 庵野秀明監督の経営会社が古巣訴えた訴訟|date=23 June 2017|website=The Sankei Shimbun|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230220953/https://www.sankei.com/affairs/news/170623/afr1706230020-n1.html|archive-date=30 December 2019|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref>  Gainax president Hiroyuki Yamaga posted a public apology on the Gainax website stating the company was now undergoing restructuring.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-12-06/gainax-posts-apology-after-khara-lawsuit/.109563|title=Gainax Posts Apology After Khara's Lawsuit|last=Ressler|first=Karen|date=6 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230222201/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-12-06/gainax-posts-apology-after-khara-lawsuit/.109563|archive-date=30 December 2019|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref>  In December 2019 Anno claimed no one from Gainax had yet contacted him personally with any kind of apology or explanation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2019-12-30/hideaki-anno-details-his-falling-out-with-gainax/.154892|title=Hideaki Anno Details His Falling Out With Gainax|last=Morissy|first=Kim|date=30 December 2019 |publisher=Anime News Network |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230222859/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2019-12-30/hideaki-anno-details-his-falling-out-with-gainax/.154892|archive-date=30 December 2019|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://diamond.jp/articles/-/224881|title=【庵野監督・特別寄稿】『エヴァ』の名を悪用したガイナックスと報道に強く憤る理由|date=30 December 2019|website=Diamond Online|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230223621/https://diamond.jp/articles/-/224881|archive-date=30 December 2019|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref>

In August 2018, it was announced that Fukushima Gainax had been acquired by Kinoshita Group Holdings on July 26, making it Kinoshita's new subsidiary. Fukushima Gainax changed its studio name to [[Gaina (company)|Gaina]] and relocated to [[Koganei, Tokyo]] on August 9.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kinoshita Acquires Fukushima Gainax, Moves Studio to Tokyo Under New Name|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-08-20/kinoshita-acquires-fukushima-gainax-moves-studio-to-tokyo-under-new-name/.135673|publisher=Anime News Network|access-date=August 20, 2018|date=August 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821115136/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-08-20/kinoshita-acquires-fukushima-gainax-moves-studio-to-tokyo-under-new-name/.135673|archive-date=August 21, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2019, representative director Tomohiro Maki was arrested on allegations of quasi-forcible indecency on an aspiring voice actress. Maki had been appointed representative director in October, but had been a board director of the company since 2015 and previously served as head of Gainax International, a separate company that trained voice actors and other talents, at the time of the alleged incidents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-12-04/gainax-representative-director-tomohiro-maki-arrested-for-alleged-indecent-acts/.153997|title=Gainax Representative Director Tomohiro Maki Arrested for Alleged Indecent Acts|last=Pineda|first=Rafael Antonio|date=4 December 2019|publisher=Anime News Network|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230213645/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-12-04/gainax-representative-director-tomohiro-maki-arrested-for-alleged-indecent-acts/.153997|archive-date=30 December 2019|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref>

In February 2020, Groundworks representative director Yasuhiro Kamimura was appointed the company's new representative director and a new board of directors was hired on to the company with Yuko Takaishi (Kadokawa Anime Business Department Anime Production Division head), Atsushi Moriyama (King Records Rights Division senior operating officer), and Yoshiki Usa (Trigger representative director vice president) being the ones chosen to be at the board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-02-21/yasuhiro-kamimura-becomes-new-representative-director-of-gainax/.156714|title=Yasuhiro Kamimura Becomes New Representative Director of Gainax|last=Sherman|first=Jennifer|date=21 February 2020|publisher=Anime News Network|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221174925/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-02-21/yasuhiro-kamimura-becomes-new-representative-director-of-gainax/.156714|archive-date=21 February 2020}}</ref> In December 2020, it was reported that Tomohiro Maki has been sentenced to 2.5 years in prison for committing indecent acts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-12-14/former-gainax-representative-director-tomohiro-maki-sentenced-to-2.5-years-in-prison/.167426|title=Former Gainax Representative Director Tomohiro Maki Sentenced to 2.5 Years in Prison}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===TV series===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Year(s) !! Director(s) !! Co-production companies 
|-
|''[[Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water]]''
|1990–1991
|[[Hideaki Anno]]
|[[Group TAC]]
|-
|''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion]]''
|1995–1996
|Hideaki Anno
|[[Tatsunoko]]
|-
|''[[His and Her Circumstances]]''
|1998–1999
|Hideaki Anno<br/>Hiroki Sato (16–26) <!--Don't remove. Yes, we've established that Anno is still credited past episode 15 and is still the director, but it's also a fact that Sato took up the role of "director" following episode 15 as well-- in other words, he became Anno's co-director. This is not a propagated myth.-->
|[[J.C.Staff]]
|-
|''Modern Love's Silliness''
|1999
|Issei Kume

|Group TAC
|-
|''[[Oruchuban Ebichu]]''
|1999
|[[Makoto Moriwaki]]
|Group TAC
|-
|''[[Mahoromatic]]''
|2001–2003, 2009
|[[Hiroyuki Yamaga]]<br />[[Shouji Saeki]] <small>(Specials)</small>
|[[Shaft (company)|Shaft]]
|-
|''[[Magical Shopping Arcade Abenobashi]]''
|2002
|Hiroyuki Yamaga
|[[Madhouse (company)|Madhouse]]
|-
|''[[Petite Princess Yucie]]''
|2002–2003
|Masahiko Otsuka
|[[Anime International Company|AIC]]
|-
|''[[This Ugly yet Beautiful World]]''
|2004
|Shouji Saeki
|Shaft
|-
|''[[He Is My Master]]''
|2005
|Shouji Saeki
|Shaft
|-
|''[[Gurren Lagann]]''
|2007
|[[Hiroyuki Imaishi]]
|
|-
|''[[Corpse Princess]]''
|2008
|Masahiko Murata
|[[Feel (studio)|Feel]]
|-
|''[[Hanamaru Kindergarten]]''
|2010
|[[Seiji Mizushima]]
|
|-
|''[[Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt]]''
|2010
|Hiroyuki Imaishi
| 
|-
|''[[The Mystic Archives of Dantalian]]''
|2011
|Yutaka Uemura
|
|-
|''[[Medaka Box|Medaka Box / Medaka Box Abnormal]]''
|2012
|Shouji Saeki
|
|-
| ''[[Stella Women’s Academy, High School Division Class C³]]''
| 2013
| Masayoshi Kawajiri
|
|-
| ''[[Magica Wars]]''
| 2014
| Ayano Ohnoki
|
|-
|''[[Wish Upon the Pleiades]]''
| 2015
| Shouji Saeki
|
|-
|}
===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Year(s) !! Director(s) !! Co-production companies !! Notes
|-
|''[[Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise]]''
|1987
|Hiroyuki Yamaga
|
|
|-
|''[[Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water|Nadia: The Movie]]''
|1991
|Sho Aono
|[[Sei Young Animation Co., Ltd.|Sei Young]]
|
|-
|''[[Evangelion: Death and Rebirth]]''
|1997
|Hideaki Anno<br />Masayuki<br />Kazuya Tsurumaki
|[[Tatsunoko]] {{small|(''Death'')}}<br />[[Production I.G]] {{small|(''Rebirth'')}}
|
|-
|''[[The End of Evangelion]]''
|1997
|Hideaki Anno<br />Kazuya Tsurumaki
|Production I.G
|
|-
|''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion: Death & Rebirth#Versions|Revival of Evangelion]]''
|1999
|Hideaki Anno
|Production I.G
|
|-
|''[[Cutie Honey (film)|Cutie Honey]]''
|2004
|Hideaki Anno
|
|Opening animation
|-
|''[[Gunbuster]] vs. [[Diebuster]]''
|2006
|Hideaki Anno<br />Kazuya Tsurumaki
|
|
|-
|''[[Gurren Lagann#Anime films|Gekijōban Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann]]''<br />(Two-part movie series)
|2008–2009
|Hiroyuki Imaishi
|
|
|-
|''Zero Century''<br />(Three-part movie series)
|TBA
|Hiroyuki Yamaga
|Production Good Book
|A film trilogy based on [[Leiji Matsumoto]]'s works<br/>Gainax Kyoto
|-
|}

===OVAs and ONAs===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Year !! Director !! Co-production !! Notes
|-
|''[[Appleseed (OVA)|Appleseed]]''<br />
|1988
|[[Kazuyoshi Katayama]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Mahjong Hishō-den: Naki no Ryū]]''
|1988-1990
|[[Satoshi Dezaki]]
|[[Magic Bus (studio)|Magic Bus]]
|
|-
|''[[Gunbuster]]''
|1988–1989
|[[Hideaki Anno]]
|
|
|-
|''Beat Shot''
|1989
|Takashi Akimoto
|
|
|-
|''[[Circuit no Ohkami 2 Modena no Tsurugi]]''
|1990
|Yoshihide Kuriyama
|
|
|-
|''[[Honō no Tenkōsei]]''
|1991
|Katsuhiko Nishijima
|
|
|-
|''[[Money Wars]]''
|1991
|Yusaku Saotome
|
|
|-
|''[[Otaku no Video]]''
|1991
|[[Takeshi Mori (director)|Takeshi Mori]]
|
|
|-
|''[[FLCL]]''
|2000
|[[Kazuya Tsurumaki]]
|[[Production I.G]]
|
|-
|''Anime Tenchou''
|2002
|Hiroyuki Imaishi
|
|
|-
|''[[Re: Cutie Honey]]''
|2004
|Hideaki Anno
|[[Toei Animation]]
|
|-
|''[[Diebuster]]''
|2004
|[[Kazuya Tsurumaki]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Wish Upon the Pleiades]]''
|2011
|Shouji Saeki
|
|
|-
|''[[Masamune Datenicle]]''
|2016–2018
|Yoshinori Asao (Chief)<br/>Satoru Kiyomaru
|[[Gaina (company)|Gaina]]
|
|-
|}

===Daicon tokusatsu fan films===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Year !! Synopsis
|-
|{{nihongo|''Patriotic Squadron Dai-Nippon''|愛国戦隊大日本|Aikoku Sentai Dai-Nippon}}
|1982
|Parody of the popular [[Super Sentai]] shows (mostly from footage in ''[[Taiyo Sentai Sun Vulcan]]'') and the [[Russo-Japanese War]], with the members of the title team (Ai[[Kamikaze]], Ai[[Harakiri]], Ai[[Sukiyaki]], Ai[[Geisha]], and Ai[[Tenpura]]) fighting the evil plan of the Red Bear Empire (led by "Death [[Kremlin]]") to brainwash the children of Japan by replacing the pages of their textbooks with red paper in this "episode".
|-
|{{nihongo|''[[Kaiketsu Noutenki|Swift Hero Noutenki]]''|快傑のーてんき|Kaiketsu Nōtenki}}
|1982
|Parody of [[Shotaro Ishinomori]]'s ''[[Kaiketsu Zubat]]''
|-
|{{nihongo|''[[Daicon Film's Return of Ultraman|Return of Ultraman]]''|帰ってきたウルトラマン|Kaettekita Urutoraman}}
|1983
|Parody of a [[Return of Ultraman|title of the same name]], with New Ultraman/Ultraman Jack portrayed by [[Hideaki Anno]] wearing a jacket with Ultraman's signature red and silver pattern.<ref>Takeda 2002.</ref>
|-
|{{nihongo|''[[Kaiketsu Noutenki|Kaiketsu Nōtenki 2 - Pure Love in Minato City]]''|快傑の-てんき2 純愛港町篇|Kaiketsu Nōtenki 2 - Junai Minato-cho Hen}}
|1984
|Parody of [[Shotaro Ishinomori]]'s ''[[Kaiketsu Zubat]]'', in which the titular hero faces off against Mecha Noutenki, a mechanical clone of himself.
|-
|{{nihongo|''[[Kaiketsu Noutenki|Kaiketsu Nōtenki in USA]]''|快傑の-てんき in USA}}
|1984
|Parody of [[Shotaro Ishinomori]]'s ''[[Kaiketsu Zubat]]'', in which the titular hero sightsees in [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], [[California]] (while in costume)
|-
|{{nihongo|''[[Yamata no Orochi no Gyakushū|The Eight-Headed Giant Serpent Strikes Back]]''|八岐之大蛇の逆襲|Yamata no Orochi no Gyakushū}}
|1985
|A 72-minute sendup of [[kaiju|daikaiju]] (giant monster) movies and the most heavily promoted of the Daicon tokusatsu short films.<ref name="Takeda 2002"/>
|-
|{{nihongo|''[[Kaiketsu Noutenki|Roleplaying Nōtenki in Seoul]]''|ロールプレイングの-てんき in ソウル}}
|1988
|Role-playing parody of [[Shotaro Ishinomori]]'s ''[[Kaiketsu Zubat]]'', in which the titular hero sightsees in [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], [[California]] (while in costume)
|}

==Other works==
Gainax had some involvement with ''[[K.O. Beast]]'' directed by [[Hiroshi Negishi]]. It teamed with other groups to create various works, such as a 1987 promotional video for the song "Marionette" by [[Boøwy]]<ref name="Takeda 2002">Takeda 2002</ref> and the 2006 [[Momoko Doll|Momoko]]-based "Gainax Girls" fashion dolls created in collaboration with a Japanese [[fashion doll]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.momokodoll.com/collaboration/gainax/index.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061220111859/http://www.momokodoll.com/collaboration/gainax/index.php|title=momokoDOLL.com|archive-date=20 December 2006|url-status=dead|access-date=7 May 2015}}</ref> Gainax also collaborated with [[Game Arts]] in 1992, resulting in the video game ''[[Alisia Dragoon]]''. In 2004, Gainax penned ''[[Melody of Oblivion]]'' for J.C.Staff. Gainax has also produced a number of computer games, including a strip [[mahjong]] game featuring ''Evangelion'' characters<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B00008HYDL?redirect=true |title=警告：アダルトコンテンツ |publisher=Amazon.co.jp |access-date=2015-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225111123/http://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B00008HYDL?redirect=true |archive-date=2016-02-25 |url-status=live }}</ref> and its most famous, the ''[[Princess Maker]]'' series (later adapted as ''[[Petite Princess Yucie|Puchi Puri Yūshi]]''). It collaborated with Saudi Arabian media content company ARiNAT on a three-minute anime trailer titled "Desert Knight" (Sabaku no Kishi), which debuted at the "ANI:ME" Japanese pop culture festival in Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-11-02/gainax-saudi-arabia-arinat-make-3-minute-desert-knight-trailer/.108401|title=Gainax, Saudi Arabia's Arinat Make 3-Minute 'Desert Knight' Trailer|access-date=4 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905030016/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-11-02/gainax-saudi-arabia-arinat-make-3-minute-desert-knight-trailer/.108401|archive-date=5 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Gainax also created the ''Mahoromatic Digital Maiden'' 1 - 3 PC game series in 1998 which allowed Konami to publish the PS2 game exclusive ''Mahoromatic'' in Japan that is lesser known to the public.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.suruga-ya.com/en/product/145006963 |title=Mahoromatic 3 Digital Maiden Reg |website=suruga-ya.com |access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mobygames.com/game/mahoromatic-moetto-kirakira-maid-san |title=Mahoromatic: Moetto ≠ Kirakira Maid-san |website=mobygames.com |access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Tokyo|Companies|Anime and manga}}
* [[Gaina (company)|Gaina]]—previous Gainax subsidiary, formerly known as Fukushima Gainax.
* [[Gonzo (company)|Gonzo]]—studio founded by Gainax co-founder [[Shinji Higuchi]] and other ex-Gainax staff
* [[Khara (studio)|Khara]]—studio founded by Gainax co-founder [[Hideaki Anno]]
* [[Shaft (company)|Shaft]]—Gainax worked closely with Shaft in the early-to-mid 2000s; ex-Gainax director [[Shouji Saeki]] currently works exclusively with Shaft
* [[Studio Trigger|Trigger]]—studio founded by ex-Gainax staff

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [[Lea Hernandez|Hernandez, Lea]]. "The Curse of Urusei Yatsura", interview by ''PULP'' magazine, vol. 5, no. 8 (August 2001): 24–29. {{ISSN|1096-0228}}.
* Howell, Shon. "The Fabulous Dog and Pony Show: An Interview with Shon Howell". By [[Ben Dunn]]. ''Mangazine'', vol. 2, no. 23 (May 1993): 11–18.  Shon Howell was the second vice president of Gainax in charge of United States operations (General Products) after Lea Hernandez (the first) quit.
* Howell, Shon. "The Fabulous Dog and Pony Show". ''Mangazine'', vol. 2, nos. 24 (June 1993), 25 (July 1993), 27 (September 1993), 30 (December 1993), 31 (January 1994), 32 (February 1994).  A column further detailing Shon Howell's experiences with Gainax.
* Leonard, Andrew (April 1995). [https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.04/anime_pr.html "Heads Up, Mickey"]. ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'', issue 3.04.  An article on anime, focusing on the history of Gainax.
* {{Cite book |last=Takeda |first=Yasuhiro |author-link=Yasuhiro Takeda |year=2002 |title=The Notenki Memoirs: Studio Gainax and the Men Who Created Evangelion |location=Houston |publisher=ADV Manga |isbn=1-4139-0234-0 }} <!-- Takeda 2002 -->

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.gainax.co.jp/}} {{in lang|ja}}
* {{Anime News Network|company|54}}
* {{Anime News Network|company|18011|Gainax Kyoto}}

{{Gainax}}
{{Gaina}}
{{Studio khara}}
{{Gonzo}}
{{Studio Trigger}}
{{Shouji Saeki}}
{{Neon Genesis Evangelion}}
{{Japanese animation studios}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Gainax| ]]
[[Category:Japanese companies established in 1984]]
[[Category:Video game companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Tokusatsu]]
[[Category:Japanese animation studios]]
[[Category:Animation studios in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1984]]
[[Category:Hideaki Anno]]
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