Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Gawilghur

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{short description|Historic fortress in Vidarbha, India}}
{{Infobox military installation
|name =Gawilghur fort
|partof = 
|location = [[Amravati District]], Vidarbha[[Maharashtra]]
|image = [[File:Gawilgarh Fort - C.SHELARE.jpg|300px]]
|caption = Gavilgad fort walls
|map_type=India#India Maharashtra 
|map_size = 300
|map_caption = Shown within Maharashtra
|type = Hill fort
|coordinates ={{coord|21|22|56|N|77|20|2|E|display=inline,title}} 
|code = 
|built = 1425-26 AD 
|builder = [[Gondi people|Gond]] kings
|materials = Stone
|height = {{convert|1103|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} ASL 
|used = 1425-1803 AD
|demolished = 
|condition = 
|ownership = Government of India
|open_to_public = Yes
|controlledby = [[Muzaffarids (Gujarat)|Muzaffarid dynasty]],
[[Maratha Confederacy]],
[[British Empire]]
|garrison = 
|current_commander = 
| past_commanders        =  Rana Shivdeosingh Rajput
|battles = 
|events = 
|image2 = 
|caption2 = 
}}
'''Gawilghur''' (also, '''Gawilgarh''' or '''Gawilgad''', Pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[ɡaːʋilɡəɖ]]]) was a well-fortified mountain stronghold of the [[Maratha Empire]] north of the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] Plateau, in the vicinity of [[Satpura]] Ranges, [[Amravati District]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fortsofsahyadri.friendsofforts.com/list_of_maharashtraforts.htm |title=Friends of forts |accessdate=2009-02-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090405125744/http://www.fortsofsahyadri.friendsofforts.com/list_of_maharashtraforts.htm |archivedate=2009-04-05 }}</ref> [[Maharashtra]]. It was [[Capture of Gawilghur|successfully assaulted]] by a force commanded by [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]] on 15 December 1803 during the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]].

== History ==

The fort takes its name from the [[Gawli]] (cow herds) who inhabited the Berar (modern day Amravati) for centuries. Earlier the fort was likely just made of mud as were several such areas in the region. The exact date of construction is not known but the Persian historian, [[Firishta]], records that Ahmed Shah Wali, the ninth king of the Bahamani dynasty reconstructed Gawilgarh when he was encamped at Ellichpur in 1425.<ref name="landmark">{{cite book|last=Haig|first=Wolseley|title=Historic Landmarks of the Deccan|publisher=Pioneer Press|year=1907|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historiclandmar00haiggoog/page/n156 146]–160|url=https://archive.org/details/historiclandmar00haiggoog|quote=gawilgarh.|accessdate=2009-02-18}}</ref> Likely this was the date when major fortification was carried out.

In 1803 during the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War|2nd Maratha War]] the fort was besieged by Arthur Wellesley (later [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Duke of Wellington]]).<ref name=Naravane>{{Cite book |last=Naravane |first=M.S. |title=Battles of the Honorourable East India Company |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |year=2014 |isbn=9788131300343 |pages=72–73}}</ref> After two failed attempts at the main gate by British and Sepoy companies, and many casualties, Captain Campbell led the 94th Highlanders (light company) up the ravine dividing the inner and outer forts and into the inner fort by [[escalade]].  The Scots then forced the northern gatehouse and opened the many gates, allowing the remaining British forces entry. The British suffered few casualties in the final assault (approx. 150).  The fortress was returned to the [[Killedar]] Rana Shivsingh Rajput of the [[Maratha Empire]], after making peace with the British but they abandoned it.

== Major features ==

The fort has several inscriptions in Persian recording the date of building of each of its seven gates. It has two water tanks (''Devtalav'' and ''Khantalav''),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/AMRAVATI/places_Gavilgad.html|title=Amravati District Gazetteer|accessdate=2009-02-20}}</ref> which would have been the main water source in case the fort was besieged. Within the fort the ruins of a mosque are the most conspicuous. It stands at the highest point in the inner fort and is built in the [[Pathan]] style of architecture. The mosque has a square canopy with intricate stone lattice work and a seven arched façade. The mosque originally had two minarets, only one of which is intact today.<ref name="mtdc">{{cite web|url=http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/Default.aspx?strpage=../MaharashtraTourism/TouristDelight/Forts/GavilgarhFort.html|title=Maharashtra Government Tourism |accessdate=2009-02-20}}</ref>

Gafur Ahmed, a jaglia (tenant) of the [[Narnala]] fort, tried to determine whether the chambers built into the fort of [[Narnala]] had any use by driving 20 sheep into them. One of the sheep turned up at Gawilgarh which is more than 20 miles away.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://akola.nic.in/Gazetteers/maharashtra/places_Narnala.html|title=Akola District Gazetteer|accessdate=2009-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410084847/http://akola.nic.in/Gazetteers/maharashtra/places_Narnala.html|archive-date=10 April 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> So, probably there is a tunnel connecting the two forts.

There are several unrepaired breaches made by British guns, which remain to this day. The gun that killed five attackers with a single shot still stands, although now with graffiti running the length of the barrel.

==See also==
*[[Capture of Gawilghur]]
*[[List of forts in Maharashtra]]

== References ==
{{commonscat}}
{{reflist}}

{{Forts in Maharashtra}}
{{Forts in India}}
{{Berar}}

[[Category:Berar]]
[[Category:Forts in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Amravati district]]
[[Category:Forts in Vidarbha]]
[[Category:Historical places Vidarbha ]]
{{Навигационная таблица/Портал/Английская Википедия}}
[[Категория:Английская Википедия]]
[[Категория:Википедия]]
[[Категория:Статья из Википедии]]
[[Категория:Статья из Английской Википедии]]