Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Geneva

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|City in southwestern Switzerland}}
{{About|the city of Geneva|the canton|canton of Geneva|other uses|Geneva (disambiguation)}}{{Redirect|Genevese|the surname|Genovese}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2014}}
{{Infobox Switzerland municipality
|subject_name = Geneva<br />{{native name|fr|Genève}}
|municipality_name = {{lang|fr|Genève}}
|municipality_type = municipality and city
|image_photo= Views of Geneva 2.jpg
|image_caption=
|snow_image=
|snow_imagecaption=
|imagepath_flag = Flag of Canton of Geneva.svg
|imagepath_coa = Wappen Genf matt.svg
|pixel_coa=
|map = Karte Kanton Genf.png
|languages = French
|canton = Geneva
|iso-code-region = CH-GE
|district =None 
|coordinates = {{coord|46|12|06|N|06|08|49|E|display=inline,title}}
|municipality_code = 6621
|area = 15.86
|elevation = 375
|elevation_description = Pont du Mont Blanc
|highest = Chemin du Pommier
|highest_m = 457
|lowest = Le Rhône
|lowest_m = 370
|population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-GE|6621}} |populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-GE}}
|executive_name = [[#Government|Conseil administratif]] |executive_number_of_members = 5
|mayor = Alfonso Gomez|mayor_asof=June 2023<!--June 1, 2023 until May 31, 2024-->|mayor_party= Green Party of Switzerland
|mayor_title = La Mairie|list_of_mayors = List of mayors of Geneva
|parliament_name = [[#Parliament|Conseil municipal]] |parliament_number_of_members = 80
|postal_code = 1200, or 1201–09 Genève, 1213 Petit-Lancy, 1227 Les Acacias<ref>{{cite map |url=https://s.geo.admin.ch/8009c61100 |title=The municipality of Geneva and its ZIP-Codes |map=40 – Le Léman |map-url=https://shop.swisstopo.admin.ch/en/products/maps/national/lk100?layer=ch.swisstopo.landeskarte100_papier.metadata&product=40&productIdentifier=40&childGroupIdentifier=lk100eb#product-40 |scale=1:100 000 |series=National Map 1:100'000 |edition=2011 |date=2009 |publisher=Federal Office of Topography – [[swisstopo]] |location=Wabern, Switzerland |isbn=978-3-302-00040-4 |via=map.geo.admin.ch |access-date=11 February 2019 |archive-date=29 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529142943/https://map.geo.admin.ch/?lang=en&topic=swisstopo&bgLayer=ch.swisstopo.pixelkarte-farbe&catalogNodes=1476&layers=ch.swisstopo-vd.ortschaftenverzeichnis_plz,ch.swisstopo.swissboundaries3d-gemeinde-flaeche.fill&layers_opacity=0.75,1&E=2499167.40&N=1117952.96&zoom=6 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|places =
|demonym = ''Genevan'' or ''Genevese''<br />{{lang-fr|link=no|Genevois(e)}}
|neighboring_municipalities= [[Carouge]], [[Chêne-Bougeries]], [[Cologny]], [[Lancy]], [[Grand-Saconnex]], [[Pregny-Chambésy]], [[Vernier, Switzerland|Vernier]], [[Veyrier]]
|website = https://www.geneve.ch/
|twintowns=None}}

'''Geneva''' ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|ə|ˈ|n|iː|v|ə}} {{respell|jə|NEE|və}};<ref name="oxford">{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Geneva |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182017/https://www.lexico.com/definition/geneva |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Geneva |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> {{lang-fr|Genève}} {{IPA-fr|ʒənɛv||LL-Q150 (fra)-Fhala.K-Genève.wav}})<ref group="note">{{lang-frp|Geneva}} {{IPA-frp|dzəˈn(ɛ)va||Frp-greverin-Dzenèva.ogg}}; {{lang-de|link=no|Genf}} {{IPA-de|ɡɛnf||de-Genf.ogg}}; {{lang-it|Ginevra}} {{IPA-it|dʒiˈneːvra|}}; {{lang-rm|Genevra}}</ref> is the [[List of cities in Switzerland|second-most populous]] city in [[Switzerland]] (after [[Zürich]]) and the most populous of the French-speaking [[Romandy]]. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the [[Rhône]] exits [[Lake Geneva]], it is the capital of the [[Canton of Geneva|Republic and Canton of Geneva]], and a centre for international [[diplomacy]]. Geneva hosts the highest number of international organizations in the world.<ref>François Modoux, "La Suisse engagera 300 millions pour rénover le Palais des Nations", ''[[Le Temps]]'', Friday 28 June 2013, page 9.</ref>

The city of Geneva ({{lang|fr|ville de Genève}}) had a population of 203,951 in January 2020<ref name=population>{{cite web |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/su-f-01.02.04.07 |title=Bilan de la population résidante permanente selon les districts et les communes, de 1991 à 2021 |date=25 August 2022 |publisher=[[Federal Statistical Office (Switzerland)]] |access-date=2023-01-14}}</ref> within its municipal territory of {{convert|16|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}},<ref name=land_area>{{cite web |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/fr/home/statistiques/catalogues-banques-donnees/tableaux.assetdetail.19805706.html |title=Statistique de la superficie standard - Communes selon 4 domaines principaux |date=25 November 2021 |publisher=[[Federal Statistical Office (Switzerland)]] |access-date=20 April 2022}}</ref> but the larger Canton of Geneva had a population of 504,128<ref name=population /> over {{convert|246|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="land_area" /> The Geneva [[metropolitan area]] as officially defined by [[Eurostat]],<ref name="FUA">{{cite web |title=Atlas statistique de la Suisse / Niveaux géographiques de la Suisse / Nomenclatures internationales / Zones urbaines fonctionnelles 2014 (FUA eurostat) au 1.1.2020 |url=https://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch/maps/13/fr/15421_15419_15418_227/24193.html |access-date=20 April 2022 |publisher=[[Federal Statistical Office (Switzerland)]]}}</ref> including [[Suburb|suburbs]] and [[Exurb|exurbs]] in [[Vaud]] and the French [[Departments of France|departments]] of [[Ain]] and [[Haute-Savoie]], extends over {{convert|2292|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="FUA_land_area">As of 2020, the Eurostat-defined [[Functional Urban Area]] of Geneva was made up of 93 Swiss communes and 158 French communes: [https://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch/core/projects/13/xshared/xlsx/24193_132.xlsx Federal Statistical Office spreadsheet listing the Swiss and French communes of the Geneva Functional Urban Area].<br />Land area of the 93 Swiss communes: 555.1 km² (source: [https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/fr/home/statistiques/catalogues-banques-donnees/tableaux.assetdetail.19805706.html]).<br />Land area of the 158 French communes: 1737.1 km² (source: [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-GEN]).</ref> and had a population of 1,044,766 at the time.<ref name="FUA_pop">As of 2020, the Eurostat-defined [[Functional Urban Area]] of Geneva was made up of 93 Swiss communes and 158 French communes: [https://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch/core/projects/13/xshared/xlsx/24193_132.xlsx Federal Statistical Office spreadsheet listing the Swiss and French communes of the Geneva Functional Urban Area].<br />Population of the 93 Swiss communes in January 2020: 605,466 (source: [https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/su-f-01.02.04.07]).<br />Population of the 158 French communes in January 2020: 439,300 (source: [https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=490875,5927195,389083,235295&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=GEN&t=A01&view=map13]).</ref>

Since 2013, the Canton of Geneva, the [[Nyon District]] (in the canton of Vaud), and the {{lang|fr|Pôle métropolitain du Genevois français}} ({{Literally|Metropolitan hub of the French Genevan territory}}, a federation of eight French [[Communes of France#Intercommunality|intercommunal]] councils), have formed {{lang|fr|[[Grand Genève]]}} ("Greater Geneva"), a Local Grouping of Transnational Cooperation ({{lang|fr|GLCT}} in French, a public entity under Swiss law) in charge of organizing cooperation within the cross-border metropolitan area of Geneva (in particular metropolitan transports).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.grand-geneve.org/agglomeration-transfrontaliere/7 |title=Agglomération transfrontalière |date=3 February 2021 |publisher=[[Grand Genève]] |access-date=20 April 2022}}</ref> The {{lang|fr|Grand Genève GLCT|italic=no}} extends over {{convert|1996|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="GLCT_land_area">Grand Genève is made up of: 

* Canton of Geneva (245.8 km²)[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/fr/home/statistiques/catalogues-banques-donnees/tableaux.assetdetail.19805706.html]
* District of Nyon (307.4 km²)[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/fr/home/statistiques/catalogues-banques-donnees/tableaux.assetdetail.19805706.html]
* Genevois français (1443.2 km²), itself made up of CA Thonon Agglomération (238.9 km²)[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=EPCI-200067551], CA Annemasse-les Voirons-Agglomération (78.2 km²)[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=EPCI-200011773], CC Arve et Salève (99.3 km²)[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=EPCI-247400583], CC du Pays Rochois (93.9 km²)[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=EPCI-247400724], CC Faucigny-Glières (150.7 km²)[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=EPCI-200000172], CC du Genevois (151.5 km²)[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=EPCI-247400690], CA du Pays de Gex (404.9 km²)[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=EPCI-240100750], and CC du Pays Bellegardien (225.8 km²)[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=EPCI-240100891].</ref> and had a population of 1,037,407 in Jan. 2020 (Swiss estimates and French census), 58.4% of them living on Swiss territory, and 41.6% on French territory.<ref name="GLCT_pop">Grand Genève is made up of: 

* Canton of Geneva (504,128 inh. in Jan. 2020)[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/su-f-01.02.04.07]
* District of Nyon (101,914 inh. in Jan. 2020)[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/su-f-01.02.04.07]
* Genevois français (431,365 inh. in Jan. 2020), itself made up of CA Thonon Agglomération (92,185 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=523299,5907587,324236,196079&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=200067551&t=A01&view=map4], CA Annemasse-les Voirons-Agglomération (92,176 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=523299,5907587,324236,196079&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=200011773&t=A01&view=map4], CC Arve et Salève (20,255 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=523299,5907587,324236,196079&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=247400583&t=A01&view=map4], CC du Pays Rochois (28,675 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=523299,5907587,324236,196079&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=247400724&t=A01&view=map4], CC Faucigny-Glières (27,218 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=523299,5907587,324236,196079&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=200000172&t=A01&view=map4], CC du Genevois (48,578 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=523299,5907587,324236,196079&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=247400690&t=A01&view=map4], CA du Pays de Gex (100,314 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=523299,5907587,324236,196079&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=240100750&t=A01&view=map4], and CC du Pays Bellegardien (21,964 inh.)[https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=523299,5907587,324236,196079&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=240100891&t=A01&view=map4].</ref>

Geneva is a [[global city]], a financial centre, and a worldwide centre for diplomacy due to the presence of numerous [[international organization]]s, including the headquarters of many agencies of the [[United Nations]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Paul Hofmann |title=Staying on the Safe Side; Geneva |work=[[The New York Times Company]] |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CEEDE133EF937A15755C0A966958260&scp=7&sq=Canton+of+Geneva&st=nyt |date=24 June 1990 |access-date=19 April 2008 |archive-date=29 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529143026/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/24/travel/staying-on-the-safe-side-geneva.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[International Committee of the Red Cross|ICRC]] and [[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|IFRC]] of the [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Cross]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Finn-Olaf Jones |title=36 Hours in Geneva |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/travel/16hours.html?scp=1&sq=Geneva+Switzerland&st=nyt |date=16 September 2007 |access-date=2 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227195355/http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/travel/16hours.html?scp=1&sq=Geneva+Switzerland&st=nyt |archive-date=27 December 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the aftermath of [[World War I]], it hosted the [[League of Nations]]. It was where the [[Geneva Conventions]] on [[Humanitarianism|humanitarian]] treatment in [[war]] were signed. It shares a unique distinction with municipalities such as [[New York City]] ([[Headquarters of the United Nations|global headquarters of the UN]]), [[Basel]] ([[Bank for International Settlements]]), and [[Strasbourg]] ([[Council of Europe]]) as a city which serves as the headquarters of at least one critical international organization without being the capital of a country.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/missions/mission-onu-geneve/en/home/geneve-international/faits-et-chiffres.html |title=Facts and figures about International Geneva |website=www.eda.admin.ch |access-date=8 August 2020 |archive-date=30 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030115725/https://www.eda.admin.ch/missions/mission-onu-geneve/en/home/geneve-international/faits-et-chiffres.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ot-strasbourg.com/fr/decouvrir/strasbourg-l-europeenne.html |title=Strasbourg l'Européenne |date=10 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210205934/http://www.ot-strasbourg.com/fr/decouvrir/strasbourg-l-europeenne.html |archive-date=10 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/geneva---capital-of-the-globalised-world/5269534 |title=geneva - capital of the globalised world |website=SWI swissinfo.ch |date=11 July 2006 |access-date=8 August 2020 |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923010836/https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/geneva---capital-of-the-globalised-world/5269534 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The city has been referred to as the world's most compact [[metropolis]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2017 |title=Geneva – the smallest metropolis in the world |url=https://www.learn-swiss-german.ch/blog/geneva-smallest-metropolis-world/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616231645/https://www.learn-swiss-german.ch/blog/geneva-smallest-metropolis-world/ |archive-date=16 June 2018 |website=Learn-Swiss-German.ch}}</ref> and the "Peace Capital".<ref>{{cite web |title=MySwitzerland.com |url=http://www.myswitzerland.com/en/destinations/regions/geneva.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815143409/http://www.myswitzerland.com/en/destinations/regions/geneva.html |archive-date=15 August 2014 |access-date=15 October 2013 |publisher=MySwitzerland.com}}</ref> In 2023, Geneva was ranked as the world's tenth most important [[financial centre]] by the [[Global Financial Centres Index]], second in Europe behind London.<ref name="GFCI">{{cite web |date=September 2023 |title=The Global Financial Centres Index 34 |url=https://www.longfinance.net/media/documents/GFCI_34_Report_2022.09.28_v1.0.pdf |publisher=Long Finance |access-date=21 October 2023}}</ref> In 2019, Geneva was ranked among the ten most [[liveable]] cities in the world by [[Mercer (consulting firm)|Mercer]], alongside Zürich and Basel,<ref>{{cite web |title=Quality of living city ranking |url=https://mobilityexchange.mercer.com/Insights/quality-of-living-rankings |website=[[Mercer (consulting firm)|Mercer]] |access-date=21 June 2020 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418074611/https://mobilityexchange.mercer.com/Insights/quality-of-living-rankings |url-status=live}}</ref> as well as the thirteenth [[List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees|most expensive city]] in the world.<ref name="mercer.com">{{cite web |title=Cost of Living survey 2019 – City rankings |url=https://mobilityexchange.mercer.com/Insights/cost-of-living-rankings |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508214246/https://mobilityexchange.mercer.com/Insights/cost-of-living-rankings |archive-date=8 May 2019 |access-date=28 May 2019 |publisher=Mercer.com}}</ref> In a [[UBS]] ranking of global cities in 2018, Geneva was ranked first for gross [[earnings]], second most expensive, and fourth in [[purchasing power]].<ref name="ubs.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.ubs.com/microsites/prices-earnings/en/explore/?category=Earnings&indicator=General_Wage%20Level%20(gross)_(New%20York%20%3D%20100) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707010101/https://www.ubs.com/microsites/prices%2Dearnings/en/explore/?category%3DEarnings%26indicator%3DGeneral_Wage+Level+%28gross%29_%28New+York+%3D+100%29 |title=Global cities ranking 2018 – City rankings |publisher=ubs.com |date=7 July 2018 |access-date=7 July 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 July 2018}}</ref>

== Name ==
The city was mentioned in [[Latin]] texts, by [[Commentarii de Bello Gallico|Caesar]], with the spelling ''Genava'',<ref>Hans-Friedrich Mueller, ''Caesar Selections from His Commentarii De Bello Gallico'', Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 2012, p. 34.</ref> probably from the [[Continental Celtic|Celtic]] {{lang|cel|*genawa-}} from the stem {{lang|cel|*genu-}} ("mouth"), in the sense of an [[estuary]], an etymology shared with the Italian port city of [[Genoa]] (in Italian ''Genova'').<ref name="celtic">John T. Koch, ''Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia'', ABC-CLIO, 2006, p. 1513.</ref><ref>Delamarre, Xavier, ''Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise'', Paris, 2003, p. 177</ref>

The medieval [[county of Geneva]] in [[Middle Latin]] was known as ''pagus major Genevensis'' or ''Comitatus Genevensis'' (also ''Gebennensis''). After 1400 it became the ''[[Genevois (province)|Genevois]]'' province of [[Savoy]] (albeit not extending to the city proper, until the [[John Calvin|reformation]] of the seat of the [[Bishop of Geneva]]).<ref>Pour cette citation et le découpage suivant, organisation décrite par l'ouvrage Jules-Joseph Vernier, ''Étude historique et géographique sur la Savoie'', Le Livre d'Histoire – Res Universis (réimpr. 1993) (1re éd. 1896), p. 137.</ref>

== History ==
{{Main|History of Geneva}}
{{For timeline}}
{{For|the Catholic ecclesiastical history|bishopric of Geneva}}

[[File:DV307 no.80 From Vile Rousean, Geneva Aug 4 1858.png|thumb|left|A view of Geneva by [[Frances Elizabeth Wynne]], 4 August 1858]]

Geneva was an [[Allobroges|Allobrogian]] border town, fortified against the [[Helvetii]] tribe,<ref name="CathEncy-LausanneGeneva">{{Catholic|wstitle=Lausanne and Geneva|inline=yes}}</ref> when the Romans took it in 121 BC. It [[Christianization of the Roman Empire|became Christian]] under the Late [[History of the Roman Empire|Roman Empire]], and acquired its first [[bishop of Geneva|bishop]] in the 5th century, having been connected to the [[Bishopric of Vienne]] in the 4th.

[[File:ETH-BIB-Genf = Genève-LBS H1-026493.tif|thumb|Aerial view (1966)]]
In the [[Middle Ages]], Geneva was ruled by a [[county of Geneva|count]] under the [[Holy Roman Empire]] until the late 14th century, when it was granted a charter giving it a high degree of self-governance. Around this time, the [[House of Savoy]] came to at least nominally dominate the city. In the 15th century, an [[Oligarchy|oligarchic]] republican government emerged with the creation of the [[Grand Council of Geneva|Grand Council]]. In the first half of the 16th century, the [[Protestant Reformation]] reached the city, causing religious strife, during which Savoy rule was thrown off and Geneva allied itself with the [[Old Swiss Confederacy|Swiss Confederacy]].
In 1541, with Protestantism on the rise, [[John Calvin]], the [[Protestant]] [[Reformation|Reformer]] and proponent of [[Calvinism]], became the spiritual leader of the city and established the [[Republic of Geneva]]. By the 18th century, Geneva had come under the influence of [[Catholicism|Catholic]] France, which cultivated the city as its own. France tended to be at odds with the ordinary townsfolk, which inspired the failed [[Geneva Revolution of 1782]], an attempt to win representation in the government for men of modest means. In 1798, revolutionary France under the [[French Directory|Directory]] annexed Geneva. At the end of the [[Napoleonic Wars]], on 1{{nbs}}June 1814, Geneva was admitted to the [[Swiss Confederation]]. In 1907, the separation of Church and State was adopted. Geneva flourished in the 19th and 20th centuries, becoming the seat of many international organizations.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Geneva |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552135/Geneva_(Switzerland).html#s3 |encyclopedia=[[Encarta]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029012940/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552135/Geneva_%28Switzerland%29.html#s3 |archive-date=29 October 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Geography==

===Topography===
[[File:Geneva by Sentinel-2.jpg|alt=|thumb|Satellite view of Geneva; [[Cointrin Airport]] is centre left. The Salève (in France) is the large area of green at the bottom right.]]
[[File:Map of Geneva, 50,000.pdf|thumb|Map of Geneva, 1:50,000]]
Geneva is located at 46°12' North, 6°09' East, at the south-western end of [[Lake Geneva]], where the [[Rhône]] flows out. It is surrounded by three mountain chains, each belonging to the [[Jura Mountains|Jura]]: the Jura main range lies north-westward, the [[Vuache]] southward, and the [[Salève]] south-eastward.
[[File:Genève vue aérienne.jpg|left|thumb|222x222px|The Geneva area seen from above the Jura mountain chain, with the International airport in the foreground, and the Mont Blanc mountain range in the background]]
The city covers an area of {{cvt|15.93|km2|sqmi|1}}, while the area of the [[Canton of Geneva|canton]] is {{cvt|282|km2|sqmi|1}}, including the two small [[enclave|exclave]]s of [[Céligny]] in [[Vaud]]. The part of the lake that is attached to Geneva has an area of {{cvt|38|km2|sqmi|1}} and is sometimes referred to as ''petit lac'' (small lake). The canton has only a {{cvt|4.5|km|mi|1|adj=mid|-long}} border with the rest of Switzerland. Of {{cvt|107.5|km|mi|1}} of the border, 103 are shared with France, the [[Ain|Département de l'Ain]] to the north and west and the [[Haute-Savoie|Département de la Haute-Savoie]] to the south and east.

Of the land in the city, {{cvt|0.24|km2|sqmi}}, or 1.5%, is used for agricultural purposes, while {{cvt|0.5|km2|sqmi}}, or 3.1%, is forested. The rest of the land, {{cvt|14.63|km2|sqmi}}, or 91.8%, is built up (buildings or roads), {{cvt|0.49|km2|sqmi}}, or 3.1%, is either rivers or lakes and {{cvt|0.02|km2|acre}}, or 0.1%, is wasteland.<ref name="BFS_land">[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606115802/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html |date=6 June 2016 }} 2009 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 25 March 2010.</ref>

Of the built-up area, industrial buildings made up 3.4%, housing and buildings made up 46.2% and transportation infrastructure 25.8%, while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 15.7%. Of the agricultural land, 0.3% is used for growing crops. Of the water in the municipality, 0.2% is composed of lakes and 2.9% is rivers and streams.<ref name=BFS_land/>
[[File:Confluence Rhône et Arve.JPG|thumb|Confluence of the Rhône and the Arve]]
The altitude of Geneva is {{cvt|373.6|m|ft|1}} and corresponds to the altitude of the largest of the [[Pierres du Niton]], two large rocks emerging from the lake which date from the [[Wisconsin glaciation|last ice age]]. This rock was chosen by General [[Guillaume Henri Dufour]] as the reference point for surveying in Switzerland.<ref>[[Swisstopo]], [http://www.swisstopo.ch/en/basics/geo/faq/horizon Height reference for Switzerland]. Retrieved 1 February 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927211213/http://www.swisstopo.ch/en/basics/geo/faq/horizon |date=27 September 2007 }}</ref> The second main river of Geneva is the [[Arve]], which flows into the [[Rhône]] just west of the city centre. [[Mont Blanc]] can be seen from Geneva and is an hour's drive from the city.

===Climate===
[[File:Average Temp and Precipitation Geneva.png|thumb|Average temperature and precipitation 1961–1990<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/GVE/climsheet_GVE_np6190_e.pdf |title=Climate normals Genève–Cointrin (Reference period 1961–1990) |publisher=Swiss Federal Office of Metreology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss |location=Zürich-Airport, Switzerland |date=2 July 2014 |access-date=5 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411075633/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/GVE/climsheet_GVE_np6190_e.pdf |archive-date=11 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
The climate of Geneva is a [[temperate climate]], more specifically an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: '''Cfb'''). Winters are cool, usually with light frosts at night and thawing conditions during the day. Summers are relatively warm. Precipitation is adequate and is relatively well-distributed throughout the year, although autumn is slightly wetter than other seasons. Ice storms near [[Lac Léman]] are normal in the winter: Geneva can be affected by the [[Bise]], a north-easterly wind. This can lead to severe icing in winter.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rts.ch/info/suisse/8314926-la-bise-va-se-calmer-apres-une-journee-chaotique-mais-plusieurs-ecoles-vont-rester-fermees.html |title=La bise va se calmer après une journée chaotique, mais plusieurs écoles vont rester fermées |publisher=[[Radio Télévision Suisse|RTS Radio Télévision Suisse]] |date=17 January 2017 |location=Geneva |language=fr |access-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225210514/https://www.rts.ch/info/suisse/8314926-la-bise-va-se-calmer-apres-une-journee-chaotique-mais-plusieurs-ecoles-vont-rester-fermees.html |archive-date=25 February 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In summer, many people swim in the lake and patronise public beaches such as Genève Plage and the [[Bains des Pâquis]]. The city, in certain years, receives snow during colder months. The nearby mountains are subject to substantial snowfall and are suitable for skiing. Many world-renowned ski resorts such as [[Verbier]] and [[Crans-Montana]] are less than three hours away by car. [[Saleve|Mont Salève]] ({{cvt|1379|m|ft}}), just across the border in France, dominates the southerly view from the city centre, and [[Mont Blanc]], the highest of the Alpine range, is visible from most of the city, towering high above [[Chamonix]], which, along with Morzine, Le Grand Bornand, La Clusaz, and resorts of the Grand Massif such as Samoens, Morillon, and Flaine, are the closest French skiing destinations to Geneva.

During the years 2000–2009, the mean yearly temperature was 11&nbsp;°C and the mean number of sunshine-hours per year was 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geneva climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time |url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/switzerland/geneva |access-date=16 June 2020 |website=www.climatestotravel.com |archive-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731224525/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/switzerland/geneva |url-status=live}}</ref>

The highest temperature recorded in Genève–Cointrin was {{cvt|39.7|C|F}} in July 2015, and the lowest temperature recorded was −20.0&nbsp;°C (−4.0&nbsp;°F) in February 1956.

{{Weather box
|location = Geneva ([[Geneva Airport|GVA]]), elevation: {{convert|412|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1901–present
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 17.3
|Feb record high C = 20.6
|Mar record high C = 24.9
|Apr record high C = 27.5
|May record high C = 33.8
|Jun record high C = 36.5
|Jul record high C = 39.7
|Aug record high C = 39.3
|Sep record high C = 34.8
|Oct record high C = 27.3
|Nov record high C = 23.2
|Dec record high C = 20.8
|Jan high C = 5.1
|Feb high C = 7.0
|Mar high C = 11.8
|Apr high C = 15.9
|May high C = 20.1
|Jun high C = 24.2
|Jul high C = 26.7
|Aug high C = 26.2
|Sep high C = 21.1
|Oct high C = 15.5
|Nov high C = 9.3
|Dec high C = 5.6
|year high C = 15.7
|Jan mean C = 2.1
|Feb mean C = 2.9
|Mar mean C = 6.7
|Apr mean C = 10.5
|May mean C = 14.5
|Jun mean C = 18.4
|Jul mean C = 20.6
|Aug mean C = 20.0
|Sep mean C = 15.7
|Oct mean C = 11.3
|Nov mean C = 6.0
|Dec mean C = 2.8
|year mean C = 11.0
|Jan low C = -1.1
|Feb low C = -1.1
|Mar low C = 1.7
|Apr low C = 5.0
|May low C = 9.1
|Jun low C = 12.7
|Jul low C = 14.6
|Aug low C = 14.2
|Sep low C = 10.7
|Oct low C = 7.2
|Nov low C = 2.6
|Dec low C = -0.2
|year low C = 6.3
|Jan record low C = -19.9
|Feb record low C = -20.0
|Mar record low C = -13.3
|Apr record low C = -5.2
|May record low C = -2.2
|Jun record low C = 1.3
|Jul record low C = 3.0
|Aug record low C = 4.9
|Sep record low C = 0.2
|Oct record low C = -4.7
|Nov record low C = -10.9
|Dec record low C = -17.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 73
|Feb precipitation mm = 56
|Mar precipitation mm = 62
|Apr precipitation mm = 67
|May precipitation mm = 78
|Jun precipitation mm = 83
|Jul precipitation mm = 79
|Aug precipitation mm = 81
|Sep precipitation mm = 91
|Oct precipitation mm = 96
|Nov precipitation mm = 89
|Dec precipitation mm = 90
|year precipitation mm = 946
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 9.5
|Feb precipitation days = 7.9
|Mar precipitation days = 8.2
|Apr precipitation days = 8.6
|May precipitation days = 10.2
|Jun precipitation days = 9.1
|Jul precipitation days = 8.1
|Aug precipitation days = 7.8
|Sep precipitation days = 8.3
|Oct precipitation days = 9.7
|Nov precipitation days = 9.9
|Dec precipitation days = 10.3
|year precipitation days = 107.6
|Jan snow cm = 8
|Feb snow cm = 5
|Mar snow cm = 2
|Apr snow cm = 0
|May snow cm = 0
|Jun snow cm = 0
|Jul snow cm = 0
|Aug snow cm = 0
|Sep snow cm = 0
|Oct snow cm = 0
|Nov snow cm = 3
|Dec snow cm = 5
|year snow cm = 23
|unit snow days = 1.0 cm
|Jan snow days = 2.0
|Feb snow days = 1.5
|Mar snow days = 0.8
|Apr snow days = 0.1
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.8
|Dec snow days = 1.8
|year snow days = 7.0
|Jan humidity = 81
|Feb humidity = 75
|Mar humidity = 68
|Apr humidity = 65
|May humidity = 68
|Jun humidity = 66
|Jul humidity = 64
|Aug humidity = 67
|Sep humidity = 73
|Oct humidity = 80
|Nov humidity = 82
|Dec humidity = 82
|year humidity = 73
|Jan sun = 61
|Feb sun = 96
|Mar sun = 161
|Apr sun = 187
|May sun = 212
|Jun sun = 246
|Jul sun = 269
|Aug sun = 242
|Sep sun = 184
|Oct sun = 116
|Nov sun = 65
|Dec sun = 48
|year sun = 1887
|Jan percentsun = 25
|Feb percentsun = 38
|Mar percentsun = 50
|Apr percentsun = 51
|May percentsun = 50
|Jun percentsun = 57
|Jul percentsun = 62
|Aug percentsun = 62
|Sep percentsun = 56
|Oct percentsun = 40
|Nov percentsun = 27
|Dec percentsun = 21
|year percentsun = 48
|source 1 = MeteoSwiss<ref name=ClimatGVE>{{cite web |url=https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/GVE/climsheet_GVE_np9120_e.pdf |title=Climate normals Genève–Cointrin (Reference period 1991–2020) |publisher=Swiss Federal Office of Metreology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss |location=Zürich-Airport, Switzerland |date=13 January 2022 |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114004752/https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/GVE/climsheet_GVE_np9120_e.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2022 |url-status=live  }}</ref>
|source 2 = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute|KNMI]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/indicesextremes/customquerytimeseriesplots.php?optionSelected=season&processtext1=Your+query+is+being+processed.+Please+wait...&countryselect=SWITZERLAND%7Cch&stationselect=GENEVE+COINTRIN%5Bch%5D%7C240&categoryselect=All+categories%7C**&indexselect=All+indices%7C**&seasonselect=Jan%7C7&processtext2=Your+query+is+being+processed.+Please+wait... |title=Genève–Cointrin extreme values |access-date=8 November 2011 |publisher=[[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122231032/http://eca.knmi.nl/indicesextremes/customquerytimeseriesplots.php?optionSelected=season&processtext1=Your+query+is+being+processed.+Please+wait...&countryselect=SWITZERLAND%7Cch&stationselect=GENEVE+COINTRIN%5Bch%5D%7C240&categoryselect=All+categories%7C**&indexselect=All+indices%7C**&seasonselect=Jan%7C7&processtext2=Your+query+is+being+processed.+Please+wait... |archive-date=22 January 2016 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=**&indexid=TXx&periodidselect=1981-2010&seasonid=7&scalelogidselect=no&minx=516666.666667&miny=-5361904.761905&maxx=1383333.333333&maxy=-4711904.761905&MapSize=560%2C420&imagewidth=560&imageheight=420&CMD=RECENTER&CMD=QUERY_POINT#bottom|title=Genève–Cointrin 1981-2010 mean extreme values|access-date=29 December 2017|publisher=[[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
}}
{{Weather box    
| width        = 100% <!-- 77% if there is a template or image next to it -->
| collapsed    = y <!-- y, if you have normal updates -->
| open         = 
| metric first = y <!-- always, except UK or US cities -->
| single line  = y
| location     = Geneva ([[Geneva Airport|GVA]]), elevation: {{convert|420|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, 1961–1990 normals and extremes
<!--in the order as it appears in the table, not all of the following data may be available, especially records and days of precipitation -->
| Jan mean C  =0.7    
| Feb mean C  =2.0    
| Mar mean C  =5.0    
| Apr mean C  =8.8    
| May mean C  =12.8    
| Jun mean C  =16.5    
| Jul mean C  =19.1    
| Aug mean C  =18.1    
| Sep mean C  =14.9    
| Oct mean C  =9.9    
| Nov mean C  =5.0    
| Dec mean C  =1.8    
| Jan high C  =3.5    
| Feb high C  =5.3    
| Mar high C  =9.2    
| Apr high C  =13.5    
| May high C  =17.6    
| Jun high C  =21.8    
| Jul high C  =24.6    
| Aug high C  =23.7    
| Sep high C  =20.3    
| Oct high C  =13.9    
| Nov high C  =8.0    
| Dec high C  =4.2    
| Jan avg record high C  =11.0
| Feb avg record high C  =13.3 
| Mar avg record high C  =18.1 
| Apr avg record high C  =21.5 
| May avg record high C  =25.3 
| Jun avg record high C  =29.9 
| Jul avg record high C  =33.1 
| Aug avg record high C  =32.6 
| Sep avg record high C  =28.0 
| Oct avg record high C  =22.1 
| Nov avg record high C  =15.9 
| Dec avg record high C  =12.5
| Jan record high C =15.5   
| Feb record high C =18.0   
| Mar record high C =22.3   
| Apr record high C =25.8    
| May record high C =28.6    
| Jun record high C =33.9     
| Jul record high C =36.6     
| Aug record high C =35.5     
| Sep record high C =32.9    
| Oct record high C =27.5    
| Nov record high C =21.1    
| Dec record high C =16.4   
| Jan low C  =-2.3 
| Feb low C  =-1.2 
| Mar low C  =0.3
| Apr low C  =3.5  
| May low C  =7.1  
| Jun low C  =10.3     
| Jul low C  =11.8     
| Aug low C  =11.3     
| Sep low C  =9.0     
| Oct low C  =5.4    
| Nov low C  =1.8    
| Dec low C  =-1.1
| Jan avg record low C  =-9.6 
| Feb avg record low C  =-7.5 
| Mar avg record low C  =-5.7 
| Apr avg record low C  =-2.0 
| May avg record low C  =1.0 
| Jun avg record low C  =4.9 
| Jul avg record low C  =6.3 
| Aug avg record low C  =6.1 
| Sep avg record low C  =3.6 
| Oct avg record low C  =-0.1 
| Nov avg record low C  =-3.9 
| Dec avg record low C  =-7.7 
| Jan record low C  =-19.5
| Feb record low C  =-17.4
| Mar record low C  =-13.4
| Apr record low C  =-4.9
| May record low C  =-2.3
| Jun record low C  =1.3
| Jul record low C  =2.5
| Aug record low C  =4.3
| Sep record low C  =-0.2
| Oct record low C  =-2.1
| Nov record low C  =-9.2
| Dec record low C  =-16.7
| precipitation colour  = green
| Jan precipitation mm  =73.0     
| Feb precipitation mm  =74.0     
| Mar precipitation mm  =74.0     
| Apr precipitation mm  =61.0     
| May precipitation mm  =72.0    
| Jun precipitation mm  =84.0     
| Jul precipitation mm  =65.0     
| Aug precipitation mm  =78.0    
| Sep precipitation mm  =80.0     
| Oct precipitation mm  =73.0     
| Nov precipitation mm  =88.0     
| Dec precipitation mm  =82.0     
| Jan humidity    =82.0
| Feb humidity    =77.0
| Mar humidity    =72.0
| Apr humidity    =69.0
| May humidity    =70.0
| Jun humidity    =67.0
| Jul humidity    =64.0
| Aug humidity    =67.0
| Sep humidity    =73.0
| Oct humidity    =79.0
| Nov humidity    =79.0
| Dec humidity    =81.0
| Jan sun  =49.8
| Feb sun  =76.2
| Mar sun  =130.8
| Apr sun  =161.2
| May sun  =180.5
| Jun sun  =212.3
| Jul sun  =255.2
| Aug sun  =225.5
| Sep sun  =184.9
| Oct sun  =114.9
| Nov sun  =60.9
| Dec sun  =42.0
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days  =10.0
| Feb precipitation days  =9.0
| Mar precipitation days  =10.0
| Apr precipitation days  =9.0
| May precipitation days  =11.0
| Jun precipitation days  =10.0
| Jul precipitation days  =8.0
| Aug precipitation days  =9.0
| Sep precipitation days  =8.0
| Oct precipitation days  =8.0
| Nov precipitation days  =9.0
| Dec precipitation days  =10.0
| source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name = noaa>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/SW/06700.TXT
| title = Geneva (06700) - WMO Weather Station
| access-date = 19 February 2019
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]}} [https://archive.org/details/19611990NormalsNOAAGeneva Archived] 19 February 2019, at the [[Wayback Machine]]</ref>
}}

==Politics==
===Coat of arms===

[[File:Coat of arms of Geneva.jpg|thumb|Coat of arms of Geneva as part of the pavement in front of the [[Reformation Wall]], 2013]]

===Administrative divisions===

The city is divided into eight ''quartiers'', or districts, sometimes composed of several neighbourhoods. On the left bank are: (1) Jonction, (2) Centre, [[Plainpalais]], and Acacias; (3) Eaux-Vives; and (4) [[Champel]]. The right bank includes: (1) Saint-Jean and Charmilles; (2) [[Servette]] and Petit-Saconnex; (3) Grottes and Saint-Gervais; and (4) Paquis and Nations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Districts of Geneva |publisher=Official website of Geneva |url=http://www.ville-ge.ch/en/quartiers/index.htm |access-date=9 February 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080113111654/http://www.ville-ge.ch/en/quartiers/index.htm |archive-date = 13 January 2008}}</ref>

===Government===
{{see also|List of mayors of Geneva}}

The Administrative Council ('''Conseil administratif''') constitutes the executive government of the city of Geneva and operates as a [[collegiate authority]]. It is composed of five councilors ({{lang-fr|link=no|Conseiller administratif/ Conseillère administrative}}), each presiding over a department. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (''la maire/le maire''). In the governmental year 2021–2022, the Administrative Council is presided over by ''Madame la maire de Genève'' [[Frédérique Perler]]. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the Municipal Council are carried out by the Administrative Council. Elections for the Administrative Council are held every five years. The current term of (''la législature'') is from 1{{nbs}}June 2020 to 31{{nbs}}May 2025. The delegates are elected by means of a system of [[Majorz]]. The mayor and vice change each year, while the heads of the other departments are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the [[Palais Eynard]], near the Parc des Bastions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ville-geneve.ch/conseil-administratif/ |title=Le Conseil administratif 2015–2020 |publisher=Ville de Genève |type=official site |date=2 June 2015 |language=fr |location=Geneva, Switzerland |access-date=29 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709005356/http://www.ville-geneve.ch/conseil-administratif/ |archive-date=9 July 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{As of|2020}}, Geneva's Administrative Council is made up of two representatives each of the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democratic Party]] (PS) and the [[Green Party of Switzerland|Green Party]] (PES), and one member of the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|Christian Democratic Party]] (PDC). This gives the left-wing parties four out of the five seats and, for the first time in history, a female majority. The last election was held on 15{{nbsp}}March/5{{nbs}}April 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ge.ch/elections/20200405/CAMA/Geneve/#resultats_2100 |title=Présentation des membres du Conseil administratif |publisher=République et canton de Genève |location=Geneva, Switzerland |type=official site |date=7 April 2020 |language=fr |access-date=5 July 2020 |archive-date=13 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413035814/https://www.ge.ch/elections/20200405/CAMA/Geneve/#resultats_2100 |url-status=live}}</ref> Except for the mayor, all other councillors have been elected for the first time.<ref name="CA">{{cite web |url=https://www.geneve.ch/fr/autorites-administration/conseil-administratif/membres-conseil-administratif |title=Présentation des membres du Conseil administratif |publisher=Ville de Genève |location=Geneva, Switzerland |type=official site |date=1 July 2020 |language=fr |access-date=5 July 2020 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604080332/https://www.geneve.ch/fr/autorites-administration/conseil-administratif/membres-conseil-administratif |url-status=live}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|+ ''Le Conseil administratif'' of Geneva
<ref name=CA/>
! Councillor<br />(''M.&nbsp;Conseiller administratif/ Mme&nbsp;Conseillère administrative'') !! Party !! Head of Office (''Département'', since) of !! elected in
|-
| [[Frédérique Perler]]<ref group="SR">Mayor (''la maire de Genève'') 2021/22</ref>|| {{Color box|{{party color|Green Party of Switzerland}}|border=darkgray}} PES || Planning, Construction, and Mobility (''de l'aménagement, des constructions et de la mobilité'', 2020) || 2020
|-
| [[Marie Barbey-Chappuis]]<ref group="SR">Vice President (''Vice-présidente'') 2021/22</ref> || {{Color box|{{party color|Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland}}|border=darkgray}} PDC || Security and Sport (''de la sécurité et des sports'', 2020) || 2020
|-
| [[Sami Kanaan]] || {{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}|border=darkgray}} PS || Culture and Digital Change (''de la culture et de la transition numérique'', 2020) || 2011
|-
| [[Alfonso Gomez (politician)|Alfonso Gomez]] || {{Color box|{{party color|Green Party of Switzerland}}|border=darkgray}} PES || Finance, Environment and Housing (''des finances, de l'environnement et du logement'', 2020) || 2020
|-
| [[Christina Kitsos]] || {{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}|border=darkgray}} PS || Social Cohesion and Solidarity (''de la cohésion sociale et de la solidarité'', 2020) || 2020
|}
{{reflist|group=SR}}

===Parliament===
{{Pie chart
| thumb =right
| caption =''Le Conseil municipal'' of Geneva for the mandate period of 2020–2025
| other =
| label1 =Ensemble à gauche (PST-POP & Sol)
| value1 ={{#expr: 7/(80/100) round 1}}
| color1 =Red
| label2 =PS
| value2 ={{#expr: 19/(80/100) round 1}}
| color2 ={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}
| label3 =Les Verts (PES)
| value3 ={{#expr: 18/(80/100) round 1}}
| color3 ={{party color|Green Party of Switzerland}}
| label4 =PDC
| value4 ={{#expr: 8/(80/100) round 1}}
| color4 ={{party color|Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland}}
| label5 =PLR
| value5 ={{#expr: 14/(80/100) round 1}}
| color5 ={{party color|FDP.The Liberals}}
| label6 =UDC
| value6 ={{#expr: 7/(80/100) round 1}}
| color6 ={{party color|Swiss People's Party}}
| label7 =MCG
| value7 ={{#expr: 7/(80/100) round 1}}
| color7 ={{party color|Geneva Citizens' Movement}}
}}
The Municipal Council ('''Conseil municipal''') holds [[legislative power]]. It is made up of 80 members, with elections held every five years. The Municipal Council makes regulations and by-laws that are executed by the Administrative Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of [[proportional representation]] with a seven percent threshold.
The sessions of the Municipal Council are public. Unlike members of the Administrative Council, members of the Municipal Council are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Geneva allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Municipal Council. The Council holds its meetings in the Town Hall (''Hôtel de Ville''), in the old city.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ville-geneve.ch/conseil-municipal/ |title=Conseil municipal |publisher=Ville de Genève |type=official site |date=3 June 2015 |location=Geneva, Switzerland |language=fr |access-date=30 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126003508/https://www.ville-geneve.ch/conseil-municipal/ |archive-date=26 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The last election of the Municipal Council was held on 15{{nbs}}March 2020 for the (''législature'') of 2020–2025. Currently, the Municipal Council consists of: 19 members of the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democratic Party (PS)]], 18 [[Green Party of Switzerland|Green Party (PES)]], 14 [[FDP.The Liberals|Les Libéraux-Radicaux (PLR)]], 8 [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|Christian Democratic People's Party (PDC)]]; 7 [[Geneva Citizens' Movement]] (MCG), 7 ''Ensemble à Gauche'' (an alliance of the left parties [[Swiss Party of Labour|PST-POP]] (''Parti Suisse du Travail – Parti Ouvrier et Populaire'') and [[Solidarity (Switzerland)|solidaritéS]]), 6 [[Swiss People's Party]] (UDC).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://conseil-municipal.geneve.ch/conseil-municipal/presentation-membres/membres-partis/parti |title=Membres et partis |publisher=Ville de Genève |type=official site |date=1 June 2020 |location=Geneva, Switzerland |language=fr |access-date=5 July 2020 |archive-date=5 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705135314/https://conseil-municipal.geneve.ch/conseil-municipal/presentation-membres/membres-partis/parti |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Elections===

====National Council====
In the [[2019 Swiss federal election|2019 federal election]] for the [[National Council (Switzerland)|Swiss National Council]] the most popular party was the [[Green Party of Switzerland|Green Party]] which received 26% (+14.6) of the vote. The next seven most popular parties were the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|PS]] (17.9%, -5.9), [[FDP.The Liberals|PLR]] (15.1%, -2.4), the [[Swiss People's Party|UDC]] (12.6%, -3.7), the [[Swiss Party of Labour|PdA]]/[[Solidarity (Switzerland)|solidaritéS]] (10%, +1.3), the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|PDC]] (5.4%, -5.3), the [[Green Liberal Party of Switzerland|pvl]] (5%, +2.9), and [[Geneva Citizens' Movement|MCR]] (4.9%, -2.7).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfsstatic/dam/assets/9386461/appendix |title=NR – Ergebnisse Parteien (Gemeinden) (INT1) |format=CSV |editor=Swiss Federal Statistical Office, FSO |type=official statistics |publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office, FSO |via=opendata.swiss |location=Neuchâtel, Switzerland |date=28 November 2019 |language=de, fr, it |access-date=18 May 2020 |archive-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811013939/https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfsstatic/dam/assets/9386461/appendix |url-status=live}}</ref> In the federal election a total of 34,319 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 39.6%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfsstatic/dam/assets/9386463/appendix |title=NR – Wahlbeteiligung (Gemeinden) (INT1) |format=CSV |editor=Swiss Federal Statistical Office, FSO |type=official statistics |via=opendata.swiss |publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office, FSO |location=Neuchâtel, Switzerland |date=28 November 2019 |language=de, fr, it |access-date=18 May 2020 |archive-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811014252/https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfsstatic/dam/assets/9386463/appendix |url-status=live}}</ref>

In the [[2015 Swiss federal election|2015 federal election]] for the [[National Council (Switzerland)|Swiss National Council]] the most popular party was the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|PS]] which received 23.8% of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the [[FDP.The Liberals|PLR]] (17.6%), the [[Swiss People's Party|UDC]] (16.3%), the [[Green Party of Switzerland|Green Party]] (11.4%), the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|PDC]] (10.7%), and the [[Solidarity (Switzerland)|solidaritéS]] (8.8%). In the federal election a total of 36,490 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 44.1%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html |title=Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden |format=XLS |type=official statistics |publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office |location=Neuchâtel, Switzerland |date=4 March 2016 |language=de, fr |access-date=3 August 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802003536/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html |archive-date=2 August 2016}}</ref>

===Metropolitan cooperation===
The city centre of Geneva is located only {{convert|1.9|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} from the border of [[France]]. As a result, the [[urban area]] and the [[metropolitan area]] largely extend across the border on French territory. Due to the small size of the municipality of Geneva ({{convert|16|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}})<ref name=land_area /> and extension of the urban area over an international border, official bodies of transnational cooperation were developed as early as the 1970s to manage the cross-border Greater Geneva area at a metropolitan level.

In 1973, a Franco-Swiss agreement created the ''Comité régional franco-genevois'' ("Franco-Genevan Regional Committee", CRFG in French). In 1997 an 'Urban planning charter' of the CRFG defined for the first time a planning territory called ''agglomération franco-valdo-genevoise'' ("Franco-[[Vaud]]-Genevan urban area"). 2001 saw the creation of a ''Comité stratégique de développement des transports publics régionaux'' ("Strategic Committee for the Development of Regional Public Transports", DTPR in French), a committee which adopted in 2003 a 'Charter for Public Transports', first step in the development of a metropolitan, cross-border [[commuter rail]] network (see [[Léman Express]]).

In 2004, a public transnational body called ''Projet d’agglomération franco-valdo-genevois'' ("Franco-Vaud-Genevan urban area project") was created to serve as the main body of metropolitan cooperation for the planning territory defined in 1997, with more local French councils taking part in this new public body than in the CRFG created in 1973. Finally in 2012 the ''Projet d’agglomération franco-valdo-genevois'' was renamed ''[[Grand Genève]]'' ("Greater Geneva"), and the following year it was transformed into a Local Grouping of Transnational Cooperation (GLCT in French), a public entity under Swiss law, which now serves as the executive body of the ''Grand Genève''.

The ''Grand Genève'' GLCT is made up of the [[Canton of Geneva]], the [[Nyon District]] (in the canton of Vaud), and the ''Pôle métropolitain du Genevois français'' (literally "Metropolitan hub of the French Genevan territory"), this last one a federation of eight French [[Communes of France#Intercommunality|intercommunal]] councils in [[Ain]] and [[Haute-Savoie]]. The ''Grand Genève'' GLCT extends over {{convert|1996|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=GLCT_land_area />
and had a population of 1,025,316 in Jan. 2019 (Swiss estimates and French census), 58.5% of them living on Swiss territory, and 41.5% on French territory.<ref name=GLCT_pop />

===International relations===
Geneva does not have any [[Sister city|sister]] relationships with other cities. It declares itself related to the entire world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ville-geneve.ch/administration-municipale/departement-autorites/services-municipaux/service-relations-exterieures/item/service/service-des-relations-exterieures-1/ |title=Service des relations extérieures |language=fr |publisher=Service des relations extérieures SRE, la Ville de Genève |date=23 October 2014 |quote=Ville internationale et multiculturelle, Genève noue depuis plusieurs siècles des contacts privilégiés avec le monde entier. |access-date=20 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107144220/http://www.ville-geneve.ch/administration-municipale/departement-autorites/services-municipaux/service-relations-exterieures/item/service/service-des-relations-exterieures-1/ |archive-date=7 January 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ville-geneve.ch/themes/geneve-internationale/partenariats-entre-villes/ |title=Genève, partenaire du rapprochement entre villes |language=fr |publisher=Service des relations extérieures SRE, Genève ville internationales |date=14 April 2019 |quote=Il est à noter que la Ville de Genève ne pratique pas de jumelage avec d’autres villes. |access-date=14 April 2019 |archive-date=2 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402103540/http://www.ville-geneve.ch/themes/geneve-internationale/partenariats-entre-villes/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Demographics==

===Population===
[[File:Horloge Fleurie au Quai du Général-Guisan (Jardin Anglais) Genève.JPG|thumb|[[L'horloge fleurie|The Flowered Clock]] at the Quai du Général-Guisan ([[Jardin Anglais|English Garden]]), during the 2012 [[Fêtes de Genève|Geneva Festival]]]]
[[File:Rue Pierre-Fatio, Genève.jpg|thumb|Rue Pierre-Fatio in Geneva]]

The city of Geneva (''ville de Genève'') had a population 203,951 in 2020 (Jan. estimate)<ref name=population /> within its small municipal territory of {{convert|16|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=land_area /> The city of Geneva is at the centre of the Geneva [[metropolitan area]], a [[Functional Urban Area]] (as per [[Eurostat]] methodology) which extends over Swiss territory (entire [[Canton of Geneva]] and part of the canton of [[Vaud]]) and French territory (parts of the [[Departments of France|departments]] of [[Ain]] and [[Haute-Savoie]]).<ref name=FUA /> The Geneva Functional Urban Area covers a land area of {{convert|2292|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} (24.2% in Switzerland, 75.8% in France)<ref name=FUA_land_area /> and had 1,044,766 inhabitants in Jan. 2020 (Swiss estimates and French census), 58.0% of them on Swiss territory and 42.0% on French territory.<ref name=FUA_pop />

The Geneva metropolitan area is one of the fastest growing in Europe. Its population rose from 888,651 in Jan. 2009<ref>As of 2020, the Eurostat-defined [[Functional Urban Area]] of Geneva was made up of 93 Swiss communes and 158 French communes: [https://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch/core/projects/13/xshared/xlsx/24193_132.xlsx Federal Statistical Office spreadsheet listing the Swiss and French communes of the Geneva Functional Urban Area].<br />Population of the 93 Swiss communes in January 2009: 532,484 (source: [https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/su-f-01.02.04.07]).<br />Population of the 158 French communes in January 2009: 356,167 (source: [https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=490875,5927195,389083,235295&c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2008&selcodgeo=GEN&view=map13]).</ref> to 1,044,766 in Jan. 2020, which means the metropolitan area registered a population growth rate of +1.48% per year during those 11 years. Growth is higher in the French part of the metropolitan area (+1.93% per year between 2009 and 2020) than in the Swiss part (+1.17% per year between 2009 and 2020), as Geneva attracts many French commuters due to high Swiss salaries and a favourable Franco-Swiss tax regime for French residents working in Switzerland.

The official language of Geneva (both the city and the canton) is [[French language|French]]. [[English language|English]] is also common due to a high number of Anglophone residents working in international institutions and the bank sector. In 2000 there were 128,622 residents, or 72.3% of the population, who spoke French as a first language. English was the second most common (7,853 or 4.4%), followed by [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (7,462 or 4.2%), [[Italian language|Italian]] (7,320 or 4.1%), and [[German language|German]] (7,050 or 4.0%); 113 spoke [[Romansh language|Romansh]], an official language in Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/> 

In the city of Geneva, {{as of|2013|lc=on}}, 48% of the population are resident foreign nationals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ge.ch/statistique/tel/domaines/01/01_02_1/T_01_02_1_3_2_02.xls |title=Population résidante selon l'origine et le sexe, par secteur statistique |publisher=Statistiques cantonales, REPUBLIQUE ET CANTON DE GENEVE |date=30 January 2014 |location=Geneva |language=fr |format=XLS |type=statistics |access-date=29 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729203949/http://www.ge.ch/statistique/tel/domaines/01/01_02_1/T_01_02_1_3_2_02.xls |archive-date=29 July 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> For a list of the largest groups of foreign residents [[Canton of Geneva#Demographics|see the cantonal overview]]. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009), the population has changed at a rate of 7.2%; a rate of 3.4% due to migration and at a rate of 3.4% due to births and deaths.<ref name="SFSO">[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105172441/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html |date=5 January 2016 }} accessed 25 April 2011/</ref>

{{as of|2008}}, the gender distribution of the population was 47.8% male and 52.2% female. The population was made up of 46,284 Swiss men (24.2% of the population) and 45,127 (23.6%) non-Swiss men. There were 56,091 Swiss women (29.3%) and 43,735 (22.9%) non-Swiss women.<ref name="GE_Pop">[http://www.ge.ch/statistique/domaines/01/01_02_1/tableaux.asp#1 Canton of Geneva Statistical Office] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402123530/http://www.ge.ch/statistique/domaines/01/01_02_1/tableaux.asp#1 |date=2 April 2016 }} ''Population résidante du canton de Genève, selon l'origine et le sexe, par commune, en mars 2011''{{in lang|fr}} accessed 18 April 2011.</ref> {{as of|2000}} approximately 24.3% of the population of the municipality were born in Geneva and lived there in 2000{{snd}}43,296. A further 11,757 or 6.6% who were born in the same canton, while 27,359 or 15.4% were born elsewhere in Switzerland, and 77,893 or 43.8% were born outside of Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/>

In {{as of|2008|alt=2008}}, there were 1,147 live births to Swiss citizens and 893 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in the same time span there were 1,114 deaths of Swiss citizens and 274 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 33, while the foreign population increased by 619. There were 465 Swiss men and 498 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 2933 non-Swiss men and 2662 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 135 and the non-Swiss population increased by 3181 people. This represents a [[Population growth#Population growth rate|population growth rate]] of 1.8%.<ref name="HDS_superweb">[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/onlinedb/superweb/login.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Superweb database – Gemeinde Statistics 1981–2008] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628151016/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/onlinedb/superweb/login.html |date=28 June 2010 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 19 June 2010.</ref>

{{as of|2000}}, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) made up 18.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) made up 65.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16%.<ref name=SFSO/>

{{as of|2000}}, there were 78,666 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 74,205 married individuals, 10,006 widows or widowers and 15,087 individuals who are divorced.<ref name="STAT2000">[https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/default.aspx?px_language=de STAT-TAB Thema 40 – Eidgenössische Volkszählung (34)] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010144550/https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/default.aspx?px_language=de |date=10 October 2017 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 2 February 2011.</ref>

{{as of|2000}}, there were 86,231 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.9 persons per household.<ref name=SFSO/> There were 44,373 households that consist of only one person and 2,549 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 89,269 households that answered this question, 49.7% were households made up of just one person and there were 471 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 17,429 married couples without children, 16,607 married couples with children. There were 5,499 single parents with a child or children. There were 1,852 households that were made up of unrelated people and 3,038 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.<ref name=STAT2000/>

[[File:Geneva - Quartier des Grottes.jpg|thumb|Apartment buildings in the Quartier des Grottes]]
[[File:Geneva-aerial-view.JPG|thumb|Geneva, with Lake Geneva in the background]]
{{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, there were 743 single family homes (or 10.6% of the total) out of a total of 6,990 inhabited buildings. There were 2,758 multi-family buildings (39.5%), along with 2,886 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (41.3%) and 603 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (8.6%). Of the single family homes, 197 were built before 1919, while 20 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (277) were built between 1919 and 1945.<ref name="Housing">[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 – Gebäude und Wohnungen] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907111534/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=7 September 2014 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 January 2011.</ref>

{{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, there were 101,794 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 27,084. There were 21,889 single room apartments and 11,166 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 85,330 apartments (83.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 13,644 apartments (13.4%) were seasonally occupied and 2,820 apartments (2.8%) were empty.<ref name=Housing/> {{as of|2009}}, the construction rate of new housing units was 1.3 new units per 1000 residents.<ref name=SFSO/>

{{as of|2003}}, the average price to rent an average apartment in Geneva was 1163.30 [[Swiss franc]]s (CHF) per month (US$930, £520, €740 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 641.60 CHF (US$510, £290, €410), a two-room apartment was about 874.46 CHF (US$700, £390, €560), a three-room apartment was about 1126.37 CHF (US$900, £510, €720) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2691.07 CHF (US$2150, £1210, €1720). The average apartment price in Geneva was 104.2% of the national average of 1116 CHF.<ref name="BFS_rent">[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/05/06/blank/key/einfuehrung.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Rental prices] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423161803/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/05/06/blank/key/einfuehrung.html |date=23 April 2010 }} 2003 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 26 May 2010.</ref> The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2010|alt=in 2010}}, was 0.25%.<ref name=SFSO/>

In June 2011, the average price of an apartment in and around Geneva was 13,681 CHF per square metre ({{cvt|1|m2|sqft|abbr=off|disp=output only}}). The average can be as high as 17,589 [[Swiss franc]]s (CHF) per square metre ({{cvt|1|m2|sqft|abbr=off|disp=output only}}) for a luxury apartment and as low as 9,847 Swiss francs (CHF) for an older or basic apartment. For houses in and around Geneva, the average price was 11,595 Swiss francs (CHF) per square metre ({{cvt|1|m2|sqft|abbr=off|disp=output only}}) (June 2011), with a lowest price per square metre ({{cvt|1|m2|sqft|abbr=off|disp=output only}}) of 4,874 Swiss francs (CHF), and a maximum price of 21,966 Swiss francs (CHF).<ref name="homech">{{cite web |title=Genève: Overview of m2 prices for buy-objects (living space) |url=http://www.home.ch/en/rent/residential/myhome/Genève |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130115235831/http://www.home.ch/en/rent/residential/myhome/Gen%C3%A8ve |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 January 2013 |work=home.ch on real estate Genève, accessed 20.9.2011}}</ref>

=== Historical population ===
William Monter calculates that the city's total population was 12,000–13,000 in 1550, doubling to over 25,000 by 1560.<ref>{{Cite journal |jstor=203418 |title=Historical Demography and Religious History in Sixteenth-Century Geneva |journal=The Journal of Interdisciplinary History |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=399–427 |last1=Monter |first1=E. William |year=1979 |doi=10.2307/203418}}</ref>

The historical population is given in the following chart:<ref name="HDS">{{HDS|2903|Geneva}}</ref>
<timeline>
Colors=
  id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)
  id:darkgrey  value:gray(0.8)
ImageSize  = width:1100 height:500
PlotArea   = height:350 left: 100 bottom:90 right:100
Legend     = columns:3 left:220 top:70 columnwidth:160
AlignBars  = justify
DateFormat = x.y
Period     = from:0 till:180000
TimeAxis   = orientation:vertical
AlignBars  = justify
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:20000 start:0
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:5000 start:0
Colors=
 id:TO     value:yellowgreen      legend:Total
 id:FR     value:teal      legend:French_Speaking
 id:GE     value:green      legend:German_Speaking
 id:CA     value:lightpurple      legend:Catholic
 id:PR     value:oceanblue      legend:Protestant
 id:SW     value:red      legend:Swiss
PlotData=
  color:yellowgreen width:40   mark:(line,white) align:center
  bar:1850 from:start till:37724 text:"37,724" color:TO
  bar:1870 from:start till:60004 text:"60,004" color:TO
  bar:1888 from:start till:75709 text:"75,709" color:TO
  bar:1900 from:start till:97359 text:"97,359" color:TO
  bar:1910 from:start till:115243 text:"115,243" color:TO
  bar:1930 from:start till:124121 text:"124,121" color:TO
  bar:1950 from:start till:145473 text:"145,473" color:TO
  bar:1970 from:start till:173618 text:"173,618" color:TO
  bar:1990 from:start till:171042 text:"171,042" color:TO
  bar:2000 from:start till:177964 text:"177,964" color:TO
LineData =
  points:(300,111)(400,113)  color:GE
  points:(400,113)(500,118)  color:GE
  points:(500,118)(600,126)  color:GE
  points:(600,126)(700,130)  color:GE
  points:(700,130)(800,128)  color:GE
  points:(800,128)(900,109)  color:GE
  points:(900,109)(1000,104)  color:GE
  points:(300,209)(400,241)  color:FR
  points:(400,241)(500,259)  color:FR
  points:(500,259)(600,271)  color:FR
  points:(600,271)(700,306)  color:FR
  points:(700,306)(800,307)  color:FR
  points:(800,307)(900,309)  color:FR
  points:(900,309)(1000,340)  color:FR
  points:(100,112)(200,143)  color:CA
  points:(200,143)(300,153)  color:CA
  points:(300,153)(400,177)  color:CA
  points:(400,177)(500,194)  color:CA
  points:(500,194)(600,186)  color:CA
  points:(600,186)(700,204)  color:CA
  points:(700,204)(800,266)  color:CA
  points:(800,266)(900,245)  color:CA
  points:(900,245)(1000,219)  color:CA
  points:(100,141)(200,158)  color:PR
  points:(200,158)(300,171)  color:PR
  points:(300,171)(400,187)  color:PR
  points:(400,187)(500,198)  color:PR
  points:(500,198)(600,218)  color:PR
  points:(600,218)(700,236)  color:PR
  points:(700,236)(800,217)  color:PR
  points:(800,217)(900,157)  color:PR
  points:(900,157)(1000,141)  color:PR
  points:(100,147)(200,166)  color:SW
  points:(200,166)(300,182)  color:SW
  points:(300,182)(400,204)  color:SW
  points:(400,204)(500,221)  color:SW
  points:(500,221)(600,270)  color:SW
  points:(600,270)(700,321)  color:SW
  points:(700,321)(800,314)  color:SW
  points:(800,314)(900,282)  color:SW
  points:(900,282)(1000,284)  color:SW
</timeline>
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! colspan="12" | Historic population data<ref name=HDS/>
|-
! Year
! Total population
! German-speaking
! French-speaking
! Catholic
! Protestant
! Other
! Jewish
! Islamic
! No religion given
! Swiss
! Non-Swiss
|-
! scope="row" | 1850
| style="text-align:center;"| 37,724 || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"|11,123 || style="text-align:center;"|26,446 || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"|29,203 || style="text-align:center;"|8,521
|-
! scope="row" | 1870
| style="text-align:center;"| 60,004 || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"|27,092 || style="text-align:center;"|35,064 || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"|39,012 || style="text-align:center;"|24,507
|-
! scope="row" | 1888
| style="text-align:center;"| 75,709 || style="text-align:center;"|10,806 || style="text-align:center;"|61,429 || style="text-align:center;"|32,168 || style="text-align:center;"|41,605 || style="text-align:center;"|1,330 || style="text-align:center;"|654 || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"|47,482 || style="text-align:center;"|28,227
|-
! scope="row" | 1900
| style="text-align:center;"| 97,359 || style="text-align:center;"|11,703 || style="text-align:center;"|77,611 || style="text-align:center;"|44,958 || style="text-align:center;"|49,875 || style="text-align:center;"|1,918 || style="text-align:center;"|1,055 || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"|58,376 || style="text-align:center;"|38,983
|-
! scope="row" | 1910
| style="text-align:center;"| 115,243 || style="text-align:center;"|14,566 || style="text-align:center;"|86,697 || style="text-align:center;"|53,248 || style="text-align:center;"|55,474 || style="text-align:center;"|4,267 || style="text-align:center;"|2,170 || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"|67,430 || style="text-align:center;"|47,813
|-
! scope="row" | 1930
| style="text-align:center;"| 124,121 || style="text-align:center;"|18,717 || style="text-align:center;"|93,058 || style="text-align:center;"|49,531 || style="text-align:center;"|66,016 || style="text-align:center;"|4,584 || style="text-align:center;"|2,224 || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"|92,693 || style="text-align:center;"|31,428
|-
! scope="row" | 1950
| style="text-align:center;"| 145,473 || style="text-align:center;"|20,603 || style="text-align:center;"|111,314 || style="text-align:center;"|58,556 || style="text-align:center;"|74,837 || style="text-align:center;"|6,164 || style="text-align:center;"|2,642 || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"| || style="text-align:center;"|118,863 || style="text-align:center;"|26,610
|-
! scope="row" | 1970
| style="text-align:center;"| 173,618 || style="text-align:center;"|19,657 || style="text-align:center;"|111,553 || style="text-align:center;"|90,555 || style="text-align:center;"|65,393 || style="text-align:center;"|22,591 || style="text-align:center;"|3,128 || style="text-align:center;"|959 || style="text-align:center;"|6,164 || style="text-align:center;"|115,107 || style="text-align:center;"|58,511
|-
! scope="row" | 1990
| style="text-align:center;"| 171,042 || style="text-align:center;"|9,610 || style="text-align:center;"|112,419 || style="text-align:center;"|79,575 || style="text-align:center;"|34,492 || style="text-align:center;"|39,227 || style="text-align:center;"|2,444 || style="text-align:center;"|4,753 || style="text-align:center;"|29,747 || style="text-align:center;"|98,812 || style="text-align:center;"|72,230
|-
! scope="row" | 2000
| style="text-align:center;"| 177,964 || style="text-align:center;"|7,050 || style="text-align:center;"|128,622 || style="text-align:center;"|66,491 || style="text-align:center;"|26,020 || style="text-align:center;"|34,972 || style="text-align:center;"|2,601 || style="text-align:center;"|8,698 || style="text-align:center;"|41,289 || style="text-align:center;"|99,935 || style="text-align:center;"|78,029
|}

=== Religion ===

The {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}} recorded 66,491 residents (37.4% of the population) as Catholic, while 41,289 people (23.20%) belonged to no church or were agnostic or [[Atheism|atheist]], 24,105 (13.5%) belonged to the [[Swiss Reformed Church]], and 8,698 (4.89%) were [[Muslim]]. There were also 3,959 members of an [[Orthodoxy#Christianity|Orthodox church]] (2.22%), 220 individuals (or about 0.12% of the population) who belonged to the [[Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland]], 2,422 (1.36%) who belonged to another Christian church, and 2,601 people (1.46%) who were Jewish. There were 707 individuals who were Buddhist, 474 who were Hindu and 423 who belonged to another church. 26,575 respondents (14.93%) did not answer the question.<ref name=STAT2000/>

According to 2012 statistics by Swiss Bundesamt für Statistik 49.2% of the population were [[Christianity|Christian]], (34.2% [[Catholic]], 8.8% [[Swiss Reformed]] (organized in the [[Protestant Church of Geneva]]) and 6.2% other Christians, mostly other [[Protestants]]), 38% of Genevans were [[Irreligious|non-religious]], 6.1% were [[Muslim]] and 1.6% were Jews.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 January 2012 |title=Ständige Wohnbevölkerung ab 15 Jahren nach Religionszugehörigkeit, 2012 |language=de |publisher=Bundesamt für Statistik |url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.Document.21757.xls |format=xls |access-date=6 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106215454/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/05/blank/key/religionen.Document.21757.xls |archive-date=6 January 2012}}</ref>

Geneva has historically been considered a [[Protestant]] city and was known as the ''Protestant Rome'' due to it being the base of [[John Calvin]], [[William Farel]], [[Theodore Beza]] and other [[Protestant reformers]]. Over the past century, substantial immigration from France and other predominantly [[Catholic]] countries, as well as general secularization, has changed its religious landscape. As a result, three times as many Roman Catholics as Protestants lived in the city in 2000, while a large number of residents were members of neither group. Geneva forms part of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg]].

The [[World Council of Churches]] and the [[Lutheran World Federation]] both have their headquarters at the [[Ecumenical Centre]] in [[Grand-Saconnex]], Geneva. The [[World Communion of Reformed Churches]], a worldwide organization of [[Presbyterian]], [[Continental Reformed]], [[Congregational]] and other [[Calvinist]] churches gathering more than 80&nbsp;million people around the world was based here from 1948 until 2013. The executive committee of the [[World Communion of Reformed Churches]] voted in 2012 to move its offices to [[Hanover]], Germany, citing the high costs of running the ecumenical organization in Geneva, Switzerland. The move was completed in 2013. Likewise, the [[Conference of European Churches]] have moved their headquarters from Geneva to Brussels.

===="Protestant Rome"====
[[File:ReformationsdenkmalGenf1.jpg|thumb|[[Reformation Wall]] in Geneva; from left to right: [[William Farel]], [[John Calvin]], [[Theodore Beza]], and [[John Knox]]]]
Prior to the [[Protestant Reformation]] the city was ''de jure'' and ''de facto'' [[Catholic]]. Reaction to the new movement varied across Switzerland. [[John Calvin]] went to Geneva in 1536 after [[William Farel]] encouraged him to do so. In Geneva, the Catholic bishop had been obliged to seek exile in 1532. Geneva became a stronghold of [[Calvinism]]. Some of the tenets created there influenced Protestantism as a whole. [[St. Pierre Cathedral]] was where Calvin and his [[Protestant reformers]] preached. It constituted the epicentre of the newly developing Protestant thought that would later become known as the [[Reformed tradition]]. Many prominent Reformed theologians operated there, including [[William Farel]] and [[Theodore Beza]], Calvin's successor who progressed Reformed thought after his death.

Geneva was a haven for Calvinists, while Roman Catholics and others considered heretics were persecuted. The case of [[Michael Servetus]], an early [[Nontrinitarian]], is notable. Condemned by both Catholics and Protestants alike, he was arrested in Geneva and burnt at the stake as a heretic by order of the city's Protestant governing council. John Calvin and his followers denounced him, and possibly contributed to his sentence.{{cn|date=February 2024}}

In 1802, during its annexation to France under [[Napoleon I]], the Diocese of Geneva was united with the Diocese of Chambéry, but the 1814 Congress of Vienna and the 1816 [[Treaty of Turin (1816)|Treaty of Turin]] stipulated that in the territories transferred to a now considerably extended Geneva, the Catholic religion was to be protected and that no changes were to be made in existing conditions without an agreement with the Holy See.<ref name="CathEncy-LausanneGeneva"/> Napoleon's common policy granted civil rights to Catholics in Protestant-majority areas, as well as the reverse, and also emancipated Jews. In 1819, the city of Geneva and 20 parishes were united to the Diocese of Lausanne by [[Pope Pius VII]] and in 1822, the non-Swiss territory was made into the [[Catholic Diocese of Annecy|Diocese of Annecy]]. A variety of concord with the civil authorities came as a result of the [[separation of church and state]], enacted with strong Catholic support in 1907.<ref name="CathEncy-LausanneGeneva" />

===Crime===
{{See also|Crime in Switzerland}}
In 2014 the incidence of crimes listed in the [[Strafgesetzbuch (Switzerland)|Swiss Criminal Code]] in Geneva was 143.9 per thousand residents. During the same period the rate of drug crimes was 33.6 per thousand residents. The rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 35.7 per thousand residents.<ref>[https://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch/maps/13/de/11488_11587_3864_7266/19010.html Statistical Atlas of Switzerland] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417224155/https://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch/maps/13/de/11488_11587_3864_7266/19010.html |date=17 April 2016 }} accessed 5 April 2016.</ref>

== Cityscape ==
{{wide image|Rade Geneve.jpg|1500px|align-cap=center|View of Geneva to the south. [[Salève|Mont Salève]] (in France) looms large behind the city, with the white summit of [[Mont Blanc]] just visible behind it {{cvt|70|km|0}} away to the southeast. To the left of Mont Blanc is the point of [[Le Môle]], with the [[Jet d'Eau]] in the foreground.}}

{{wide image|Geneva from Saleve 0.jpg|1500px|align-cap=center|View of Geneva from the Salève.}}

== Heritage sites of national significance ==
There are 82 buildings or sites in Geneva that are listed as Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage sites of national significance]], and the entire old city of Geneva is part of the [[Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |title=Kantonsliste A-Objekte |year=2009 |work=KGS Inventar |publisher=Federal Office of Civil Protection |language=de |access-date=25 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628110559/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html |archive-date=28 June 2010}}</ref>

'''Religious buildings:''' Cathedral [[St. Pierre Cathedral|St-Pierre]] et Chapel des Macchabés, Notre-Dame Church, [[Russian Church, Geneva|Russian church]], St-Germain Church, Temple de la Fusterie, Temple de l'Auditoire

'''Civic buildings:''' Former Arsenal and Archives of the City of Genève, Former Crédit Lyonnais, Former Hôtel Buisson, Former Hôtel du Résident de France et Bibliothèque de la Société de lecture de Genève, Former école des arts industriels, Archives d'État de Genève (Annexe), Bâtiment des forces motrices, [[Bibliothèque de Genève]], Library juive de Genève «Gérard Nordmann», Cabinet des estampes, Centre d'Iconographie genevoise, [[Collège Calvin]], École Geisendorf, [[University Hospital of Geneva]] (HUG), Hôtel de Ville et tour Baudet, [[Immeuble Clarté]] at Rue Saint-Laurent 2 and 4, Immeubles House Rotonde at Rue Charles-Giron 11–19, Immeubles at Rue Beauregard 2, 4, 6, 8, Immeubles at Rue de la Corraterie 10–26, Immeubles at Rue des Granges 2–6, Immeuble at Rue des Granges 8, Immeubles at Rue des Granges 10 and 12, Immeuble at Rue des Granges 14, Immeuble and Former Armory at Rue des Granges 16, Immeubles at Rue Pierre Fatio 7 and 9, House de Saussure at Rue de la Cité 24, House Des arts du Grütli at Rue du Général-Dufour 16, House Royale et les deux immeubles à côté at Quai Gustave Ador 44–50, Tavel House at Rue du Puits-St-Pierre 6, Turrettini House at Rue de l'Hôtel-de-Ville 8 and 10, Brunswick Monument, Palais de Justice, Palais de l'Athénée, Palais des Nations with library and archives of the SDN and ONU, Palais Eynard et Archives de la ville de Genève, [[Palais Wilson]], Parc des Bastions avec Mur des Réformateurs, Place de Neuve et Monument du Général Dufour, Pont de la Machine, Pont sur l'Arve, Poste du Mont-Blanc, Quai du Mont-Blanc, Quai et Hôtel des Bergues, Quai Général Guisan and English Gardens, Quai Gustave-Ador and [[Jet d'eau]], [[Télévision Suisse Romande]], [[University of Geneva]], Victoria Hall.

'''Archeological sites:'''
Foundation Baur and Museum of the arts d'Extrême-Orient, Parc et campagne de la Grange and Library (neolithic shore settlement/Roman villa), [[Bronze Age]] shore settlement of Plonjon, Temple de la Madeleine archeological site, Temple Saint-Gervais archeological site, Old City with [[Celts|Celtic]], [[Switzerland in the Roman era|Roman]] and medieval villages.

'''Museums, theaters, and other cultural sites:''' Conservatoire de musique at Place Neuve 5, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Fonds cantonal d'art contemporain, Ile Rousseau and statue, [[Institut et Musée Voltaire]] with Library and Archives, Mallet House and Museum international de la Réforme, [[Musée Ariana]], [[Musée d'Art et d'Histoire (Geneva)|Museum of Art and History]], Museum d'art moderne et contemporain, Museum d'ethnographie, [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum|Museum of the International Red Cross]], [[Musée Rath]], Natural History Museum, Plainpalais Commune Auditorium, Pitoëff Theatre, Villa Bartholoni at the Museum of History and Science.

'''International organizations:''' [[CERN]], [[International Labour Organization]] (ILO), [[International Committee of the Red Cross]], [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] (UNHCR), [[World Meteorological Organization]], [[World Trade Organization]], [[International Telecommunication Union]], World [[YMCA]].

<gallery>
Geneva saint peter.JPG|[[St. Pierre Cathedral]]
Vue aile sud College Calvin.JPG|[[Collège Calvin]]
IKRK Hauptquartier.jpg| [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] (CICR)
Botanical Garden Geneva 2006 803.JPG| [[Conservatory and Botanical Garden of the City of Geneva]]
Basilique Notre-Dame, Genève.jpg| Notre-Dame Church
Eglise Orthodoxe Russe de Geneve.jpg| [[Russian Church, Geneva|Russian Orthodox Church]]
Genf UNHCR.JPG|[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] (UNHCR)
Hotel de Ville Geneva.jpg|Hôtel de Ville and the Tour Baudet
Voltaire Museum.JPG|[[Institut et Musée Voltaire]]
Musee Reforme.JPG| Mallet House and Museum international de la Réforme
Tavel House.JPG|Tavel House
Brunswick Monument.jpg| [[Brunswick Monument]]
Musée d'Art et d'Histoire (46745210785).jpg|[[Musée d'Art et d'Histoire (Geneva)|Musée d'Art et d'Histoire]]
Villa La Grange.jpg|[[Parc La Grange|The Villa La Grange]]
</gallery>

== Society and culture ==

=== Media ===
The city's main newspaper is the daily ''[[Tribune de Genève]]'', with a readership of about 187,000. ''[[Le Courrier]]'' mainly focuses on Geneva. Both ''[[Le Temps]]'' (headquartered in Geneva) and ''[[Le Matin (Switzerland)|Le Matin]]'' are widely read in Geneva, but cover the whole of the [[Romandy]].

Geneva is the main media center for French-speaking Switzerland. It is the headquarters for the numerous French language radio and television networks of the [[Swiss Broadcasting Corporation]], known collectively as [[Radio Télévision Suisse]]. While both networks cover the whole Romandy, special programs related to Geneva are sometimes broadcast on some of the local radio frequencies. Other local radio stations broadcast from the city, including YesFM ([[FM broadcasting|FM]] 91.8&nbsp;MHz), [[Radio Cité]] (non-commercial radio, FM 92.2&nbsp;MHz), OneFM (FM 107.0&nbsp;MHz, also broadcast in [[Vaud]]), and [[World Radio Switzerland]] (FM 88.4&nbsp;MHz). Léman Bleu is a local TV channel, founded in 1996 and distributed by cable. Due to the proximity to France, many [[List of television stations in France|French television channels]] are also available.

=== Traditions and customs ===
Geneva observes ''[[Jeûne genevois]]'' on the first Thursday following the first Sunday in September. By local tradition, this commemorates the date news of the [[St. Bartholomew's Day massacre]] of Huguenots reached Geneva.

Geneva celebrates ''[[L'Escalade]]'' on the weekend nearest 12 December, celebrating the defeat of the surprise attack of troops sent by [[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy]] during the night of 11–12 December 1602. Festive traditions include chocolate cauldrons filled with vegetable-shaped marzipan treats and the Escalade procession on horseback in seventeenth century armour. Geneva has also been organizing a 'Course de l'Escalade', which means 'Climbing Race'. This race takes place in Geneva's Old Town, and has been popular across all ages. Non-competitive racers dress up in fancy costumes, while walking in the race.

Since 1818, a [[Geneva official chestnut tree|particular chestnut tree has been used as the official "herald of the spring"]] in Geneva. The ''sautier'' (secretary of the Parliament of the Canton of Geneva) observes the tree and notes the day of arrival of the first bud. While this event has no practical effect, the sautier issues a formal [[News release|press release]] and the local newspaper will usually mention the news.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.geneve.com/en/topicblocks/a-chestnut-tree-the-official-herald-of-spring-in-geneva/ |title=A chestnut tree: the official herald of spring in Geneva |website=Geneva Alive |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616234650/https://www.geneve.com/en/topicblocks/a-chestnut-tree-the-official-herald-of-spring-in-geneva/ |archive-date=16 June 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

As this is one of the world's oldest records of a plant's reaction to climatic conditions, researchers have been interested to note that the first bud has been appearing earlier and earlier in the year. During the 19th century many dates were in March or April. In recent years, they have usually been in late February (sometimes earlier).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geneve.ch/fao/2006/20060814.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528173142/http://www.geneve.ch/fao/2006/20060814.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 May 2008 |title=La Une de la FAO no 93 année 253 : FAO: La Treille, promenade et lieu d'observation climatique |publisher=Geneve.ch |date=14 August 2006 |access-date=3 July 2010}}</ref> In 2002, the first bud appeared unusually early, on 7 February, and then again on 29 December of the same year. The following year, one of the hottest years recorded in Europe, was a year with no bud. In 2008, the first bud also appeared early, on 19 February.

=== Music and festivals ===
[[File:Fireworks at the Fêtes de Genève 2012 - panoramio (54).jpg|thumb|Fireworks at the Fêtes de Genève, 2012]]
The [[opera house]], the [[Grand Théâtre de Genève]], which officially opened in 1876, was partly destroyed by a fire in 1951 and reopened in 1962. It has the largest stage in Switzerland. It features opera and dance performances, recitals, concerts and, occasionally, theatre. The [[Victoria Hall (Geneva)|Victoria Hall]] is used for classical music concerts. It is the home of the [[Orchestre de la Suisse Romande]].

Every summer the [[Fêtes de Genève]] (Geneva Festival) are organised in Geneva. According to [[Radio Télévision Suisse]] in 2013 hundreds of thousands of people came to Geneva to see the annual hour-long grand [[fireworks|firework]] display of the Fêtes de Genève.<ref name="rts.ch">[http://www.rts.ch/info/regions/geneve/5125297-une-heure-de-feux-genevois-sur-le-theme-des-conquetes.html "Une heure de feux genevois sur le thème des conquêtes"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929043308/http://www.rts.ch/info/regions/geneve/5125297-une-heure-de-feux-genevois-sur-le-theme-des-conquetes.html |date=29 September 2013 }}, [[Radio télévision suisse|www.rts.ch]] (page visited on 11 August 2013).</ref>

An annual music festival takes place in June. Groups of artists perform in different parts of the city. In 2016 the festival celebrated its 25th anniversary.<ref name="Official website">{{cite web |url=https://www.ville-ge.ch/culture/fm/ |title=Fête de la musique / Ville de Genève |access-date=4 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611235606/http://www.ville-ge.ch/culture/fm/ |archive-date=11 June 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Further annual festivals are the ''Fête de l'Olivier'', a festival of Arabic music, organized by the [[Institut des cultures arabes et méditerranéennes|ICAM]] since 1980,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.icamge.ch/event/40-ans/ |title=40 ans de l'Olivier – Fête de l'Olivier 2019 – 4ème festival des musiques arabes et méditerranéennes (2019-09-20) |last=ICAM |date=7 June 2019 |website=Institut des cultures arabes et méditerranéennes (ICAM) |language=en-US |access-date=25 January 2020 |archive-date=25 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125121800/http://www.icamge.ch/event/40-ans/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and the ''Genevan Brass Festival'', founded by Christophe Sturzenegger in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.genevabrassfestival.ch/en/ |title=Introduction – Geneva Brass Festival |website=www.genevabrassfestival.ch |access-date=25 January 2020 |archive-date=25 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125121808/https://www.genevabrassfestival.ch/en/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Education ==
[[File:Maison de la paix petals 1 and 2.jpg|left|thumb|[[Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies]]]]
The Canton of Geneva's [[State school|public school]] system has ''écoles primaires'' (ages 4–12) and ''cycles d'orientation'' (ages 12–15). Students can leave school at 15, but secondary education is provided by ''collèges'' (ages 15–19), the oldest of which is the [[Collège Calvin]], which could be considered one of the oldest [[Public school (government funded)|public schools]] in the world,<ref name="rts.ch"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Du Collège de Genève au Collège Calvin (historique) |language=fr |publisher=Geneva Education Department |url=http://wwwedu.ge.ch/po/calvin/histoire_college.htm |access-date=4 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218010603/http://wwwedu.ge.ch/po/calvin/histoire_college.htm |archive-date=18 February 2008}}</ref> ''écoles de culture générale'' (15–18/19) and the ''écoles professionnelles'' (15–18/19). The ''écoles professionnelles'' offer full-time courses and part-time study as part of an apprenticeship. Geneva also has a number of private schools.<ref>{{cite web |title=Introduction to the Geneva Association of Private Schools |publisher=Geneva Association of Private Schools |url=http://www.agep.ch/eng/agep_presentation2.php |access-date= 4 February 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080119133412/http://www.agep.ch/eng/agep_presentation2.php |archive-date= 19 January 2008 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

In 2011 89,244 (37.0%) of the population had completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 107,060 or (44.3%) had completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 107,060 who completed tertiary schooling, 32.5% were Swiss men, 31.6% were Swiss women, 18.1% were non-Swiss men and 17.8% were non-Swiss women.

During the 2011–2012 school year, there were a total of 92,311 students in the Geneva school system (primary to university). The education system in the Canton of Geneva has eight years of primary school, with 32,716 students. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling, followed by three to five years of optional, advanced study. There were 13,146 lower-secondary students who attended schools in Geneva. There were 10,486 upper-secondary students from the municipality along with 10,330 students who were in a professional, non-university track program. An additional 11,797 students were attending private schools.<ref>[http://www.ge.ch/recherche-education/statistiques/annuaire-2012.asp Service de Recherche en éducation, Geneva Education department] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509063819/http://www.ge.ch/recherche-education/statistiques/annuaire-2012.asp |date=9 May 2013 }} accessed 6 December 2012.</ref>

[[File:university Geneva.jpg|thumb|The [[University of Geneva]].]]
Geneva is home to the [[University of Geneva]] where approximately 16,500 students are regularly enrolled.<ref>{{cite web |title=Facts and Figures |url=https://www.unige.ch/international/files/6414/9493/4654/FACTS_AND_FIGURES_2017_V3_light.pdf |website=University of Geneva |access-date=7 June 2020 |archive-date=17 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117225915/https://www.unige.ch/international/files/6414/9493/4654/FACTS_AND_FIGURES_2017_V3_light.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1559 [[John Calvin]] founded the Geneva Academy, a theological and humanist seminary. In the 19th century the academy lost its ecclesiastic links and in 1873, with the addition of a medical faculty, it became the University of Geneva. In 2011 it was ranked {{ordinal|35}} European university.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carrentalgenevaairport.net/the-complete-list-the-top-100-global-universities/ |title=The Top 100 Global Universities |publisher=MSNBC |access-date=3 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402205542/http://www.carrentalgenevaairport.net/the-complete-list-the-top-100-global-universities/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Geneva Graduate Institute]] was among the first academic institutions in the world to teach international relations. It is one of Europe's most prestigious institutions, offering MA and PhD programmes in anthropology and sociology, law, political science, history, economics, international affairs, and development studies.

Geneva is also home to more than a dozen private, for-profit universities whose activities have come under scrutiny for offering degrees that are not recognized in Switzerland and engaging in "unscrupulous practices". These schools include the Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations, the [[International University in Geneva]], the [[Geneva Business School]] and [[IFM Business School]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=RTS |first=Camille Lanci |date=2022-11-16 |title=Geneva private universities come under the spotlight |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/geneva-private-universities-come-under-the-spotlight/47786510 |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=SWI swissinfo.ch |language=en}}</ref>

The oldest international school in the world is the [[International School of Geneva]], founded in 1924 along with the [[League of Nations]]. 

Founded in 1954, [[CERN]] was one of Europe's first joint ventures and has developed as the world's largest [[particle physics]] laboratory. Physicists from around the world travel to CERN to research matter and explore the fundamental forces and materials that form the universe. It hosts the [[Large Hadron Collider]].

Geneva is home to five major libraries, the ''Bibliothèques municipales Genève'', the ''Haute école de travail social'', the ''Institut d'études sociales'', the ''Haute école de santé'', the ''École d'ingénieurs de Genève'' and the ''Haute école d'art et de design''. There were ({{as of|2008|lc=on}}) 877,680 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year 1,798,980 items were loaned.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/16/02/02/data.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office, list of libraries] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706231342/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/16/02/02/data.html |date=6 July 2015 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 14 May 2010.</ref>
{{Further|Foundation For Technical Education}}

== Economy ==
Geneva's economy is largely service-driven and closely linked to the rest of the canton. The city is one of the global leaders in financial centres.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.longfinance.net/documents/2902/GFCI_31_Report_2022.03.24_v1.0.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325092748/https://www.longfinance.net/documents/2902/GFCI_31_Report_2022.03.24_v1.0.pdf |archive-date=2022-03-25 |url-status=live |title=The global financial centres index 31|access-date=26 June 2022}}</ref> Three main sectors dominate the financial sector: commodity trading; trade finance, and wealth management.

Around a third of the world's free traded oil, sugar, grains and oil seeds is traded in Geneva. Approximately 22% of the world's cotton is traded in the Lake Geneva region. Other major commodities traded in the canton include steel, electricity, or coffee.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stsa.swiss/know/commodity-trading-companies |title=STSA |website=www.stsa.swiss |access-date=13 April 2021 |archive-date=13 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413154125/https://www.stsa.swiss/know/commodity-trading-companies |url-status=live}}</ref> Large trading companies have their regional or global headquarters in the canton, such as [[Bunge Limited|Bunge]], [[Cargill]], [[Vitol]], [[Gunvor]], [[BNP Paribas]], [[Trafigura]] or [[Mercuria Energy Group]], in addition to being home to the world's largest shipping company, [[Mediterranean Shipping Company]]. Commodity trading is sustained by a strong trade finance sector, with large banks such as [[Banque cantonale de Genève|BCGE]], BCP, BNP Paribas, [[Banque cantonale vaudoise|BCV]], [[Crédit Agricole]], [[Credit Suisse]], [[ING]], [[Société Générale]], and [[UBS]], all having their headquarters in the area for this business.

Wealth management is dominated by non-publicly listed banks and private banks, particularly [[The Pictet Group|Pictet]], [[Lombard Odier]], [[Edmond de Rothschild Group]], [[Union Bancaire Privée]], [[Mirabaud Group]], [[Dukascopy Bank]], [[Bordier & Cie]], [[Banque SYZ]], or [[REYL & Cie]]. In addition, the canton is home to the largest concentration of foreign-owned banks in Switzerland, such as [[HSBC|HSBC Private Bank]], [[JPMorgan Chase]], or [[Arab Bank]].

Behind the financial sector, the next largest major economic sector is watchmaking, dominated by luxury firms [[Rolex]], [[Richemont]], [[Patek Philippe]], [[Piaget SA|Piaget]], [[Roger Dubuis]], and others, whose factories are concentrated in the [[Les Acacias]] neighbourhood, as well as the neighbouring municipalities of [[Plan-les-Ouates]], [[Satigny]], and [[Meyrin]].

Trade finance, wealth management, and watchmaking, approximately contribute two thirds of the corporate tax paid in the canton<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ge.ch/statistique/graphiques/affichage.asp?filtreGraph=06_02&dom=1 |title=Statistiques cantonales - République et canton de Genève |website=www.ge.ch |access-date=12 April 2021 |archive-date=23 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023223639/https://www.ge.ch/statistique/graphiques/affichage.asp?filtreGraph=06_02&dom=1 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Other large multinationals are also headquartered in the city and canton, such as [[Firmenich]] (in Satigny), and [[Givaudan]] (in Vernier), the world's two largest manufacturers of flavours, fragrances and active cosmetic ingredients; [[SGS S.A.|SGS]], the world's largest inspection, verification, testing and certification services company; [[Temenos AG|Temenos]], a large banking software provider; or the local headquarters for [[Procter & Gamble]], [[Japan Tobacco International]], or [[L'Oréal]] (in Vernier).

Although they do not directly contribute to the local economy, the city of Geneva is also host to the world's largest concentration of international organisations and UN agencies, such as the [[Red Cross]], the [[World Health Organization]], the [[World Trade Organization]], the [[International Telecommunication Union]], the [[World Intellectual Property Organization]], the [[World Meteorological Organization]], and the [[International Labour Organization]], as well as the European headquarters of the [[United Nations Office at Geneva|United Nations]].

Its international mindedness, well-connected [[Geneva Airport|airport]], and centrality in the continent, also make Geneva a good destination for congresses and trade fairs, of which the largest is the [[Geneva Motor Show]] held in [[Palexpo]].

Agriculture is commonplace in the hinterlands of Geneva, particularly wheat and wine. Despite its relatively small size, the canton produces around 10% of the Swiss wine and has the highest vineyard density in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://swisswine.ch/fr/region/geneve |title=Genève |date=4 April 2016 |website=Swiss Wine |access-date=12 April 2021 |archive-date=3 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303024337/https://swisswine.ch/fr/region/geneve |url-status=live}}</ref> The largest strains grown in Geneva are gamay, chasselas, pinot noir, gamaret, and chardonnay.

{{as of|2019|In 2019}}, Geneva had an unemployment rate of 3.9%.<ref>[https://www.ge.ch/statistique/graphiques/affichage.asp?filtreGraph=03_03&dom=1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412155414/https://www.ge.ch/statistique/graphiques/affichage.asp?filtreGraph=03_03&dom=1|date=12 April 2021}}</ref> {{as of|2008}}, there were five{{clarify |date=July 2018 |reason= 5 seems inherently improbable}} people employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]] and about three{{clarify |date=July 2018 |reason=3 seems inherently improbable}} businesses involved in this sector. 9,783 people were employed in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] and there were 1,200 businesses in this sector. 134,429 people were employed in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]], with 12,489 businesses in this sector.<ref name=SFSO/> There were 91,880 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, with women making up 47.7% of the workforce.

{{as of|2008|alt=In 2008}}, the total number of [[full-time equivalent]] jobs was 124,185. The number of jobs in the primary sector was four, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 9,363 of which 4,863 or (51.9%) were in manufacturing and 4,451 (47.5%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 114,818. In the tertiary sector; 16,573 or 14.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 3,474 or 3.0% were in the movement and storage of goods, 9,484 or 8.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4,544 or 4.0% were in the information industry, 20,982 or 18.3% were the insurance or financial industry, 12,177 or 10.6% were technical professionals or scientists, 10,007 or 8.7% were in education and 15,029 or 13.1% were in health care.<ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1–3] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225013454/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=25 December 2014 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 28 January 2011.</ref>

{{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, there were 95,190 workers who commuted into the municipality and 25,920 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 3.7 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 13.8% of the workforce coming into Geneva are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.4% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work.<ref name="commuter">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070804051358/http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Statweb] {{in lang|de}} accessed 24 June 2010.</ref> Of the working population, 38.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 30.6% used a private car.<ref name=SFSO/>

== Sport ==
[[Ice hockey]] is one of the most popular sports in Geneva.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://popular-swiss-sports.all-about-switzerland.info/ |title=Popular sports in Switzerland |publisher=popular-swiss-sports.all-about-switzerland.info| access-date=10 July 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810184111/http://popular-swiss-sports.all-about-switzerland.info/| archive-date=10 August 2011| url-status=dead }}</ref> Geneva is home to [[Genève-Servette HC]], which plays in the [[National League (ice hockey)|National League]] (NL). They play their home games in the 7,135-seat [[Patinoire des Vernets]]. In 2008, 2010 and 2021 the team made it to the league finals but lost to the [[ZSC Lions]], [[SC Bern]] and [[EV Zug]] respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eliteprospects.com/team.php?team=260 |title=Genève-Servette |publisher=Eliteprospects.com| access-date=23 June 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629214752/http://www.eliteprospects.com/team.php?team=260| archive-date=29 June 2017| url-status=live }}</ref> The team was by far the most popular one in both the city and the canton of Geneva, drawing three times more spectators than the [[Association football|football]] team in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sfl.ch/fr/statistiques-archives/challengeleague/spectateurs/ |title=Nombre de spectateurs 2016/17 (French) |publisher=sfl.ch| access-date=24 June 2017| archive-date=29 June 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629025453/http://www.sfl.ch/fr/statistiques-archives/challengeleague/spectateurs/| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hockeyarenas.net/?page=0700&c=eu&ctID=ch&atType=0&show=25&tdSaison=2017 |title=Attendance CH |publisher=Hockeyarenas.net| access-date=23 June 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805140841/http://www.hockeyarenas.net/?page=0700&c=eu&ctID=ch&atType=0&show=25&tdSaison=2017| archive-date=5 August 2017| url-status=live }}</ref> Since the return of [[Servette FC]] in the [[Swiss Super League]], however, both teams have similar attendance numbers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nombre de spectateurs 2021-2022 (French) |url=https://www.sfl-org.ch/fr/archives-statistiques/super-league/spectateurs/league/super-league-20212022/ |publisher=sfl-org.ch}}</ref>

The town is home to [[Servette FC]], a football club founded in 1890 and named after a borough on the right bank of the [[Rhône]]. It is the most successful football club in [[Romandy]], and the third in Switzerland overall, with 17 league titles and 7 [[Swiss Cup|Swiss Cups]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Histoire du Servette FC |url=https://servettefc.ch/index.php/club/histoire}}</ref> The home of Servette FC is the 30,000-seat [[Stade de Genève]]. Servette FC plays in the [[Swiss Super League|Credit Suisse Super League]]. [[Étoile Carouge FC]] and [[Urania Genève Sport]] also play in the city.

Geneva is home to the basketball team [[Lions de Genève]], 2013 and 2015 champions of the [[Swiss Basketball League]]. The team plays its home games in the ''Pavilion des Sports''.

[[Geneva Jets Australian Football Club]] have been playing [[Australian rules football|Australian Football]] in the [[AFL Switzerland]] league since 2019.

==Infrastructure==

=== Transportation ===
{{outdated section|date=July 2020}}
{{Main|Transports Publics Genevois}}
[[File:Gare de Geneve 2236 Michelides.jpg|thumb|upright|Geneva railway station]]
[[File:TCMC (Tramway Cornavin - Meyrin - CERN).JPG|thumb|TCMC (Tramway Cornavin – Meyrin – CERN)]]
The city is served by the [[Geneva Airport]]. It is connected by [[Geneva Airport railway station]] ({{lang-fr|link=no|Gare de Genève-Aéroport}}) to both the [[Swiss Federal Railways]] network and the French [[SNCF]] network, including links to Paris, Lyon, [[Marseille]] and [[Montpellier]] by [[TGV]]. Geneva is connected to the motorway systems of both Switzerland ([[A1 (Switzerland)|A1 motorway]]) and France.

Public transport by bus, trolleybus or tram is provided by ''[[Transports Publics Genevois]]''. In addition to an extensive coverage of the city centre, the network extends to most of the municipalities of the Canton, with a few lines reaching into France. Public transport by boat is provided by the [[Mouettes Genevoises]], which link the two banks of the lake within the city, and by the {{lang|fr|[[Compagnie Générale de Navigation sur le lac Léman]]}} which serves more distant destinations such as [[Nyon]], [[Yvoire]], [[Thonon-les-Bains|Thonon]], [[Évian-les-Bains|Évian]], [[Lausanne]] and [[Montreux]] using both modern diesel vessels and vintage [[paddle steamers]].

[[File:Train Station Geneva 2006 808.JPG|thumb|left|upright=0.9|Geneva Sécheron railway station]]
Trains operated by [[Swiss Federal Railways]] connect the airport to the main station of [[Gare de Cornavin|Cornavin]] in six minutes. Regional train services are being developed towards Coppet and Bellegarde. At the city limits two new railway stations have been opened since 2002: Genève-Sécheron (close to the UN and the [[Conservatory and Botanical Garden of the City of Geneva|Botanical Gardens]]) and Lancy-Pont-Rouge.

In 2011 work started on the [[CEVA rail]] (Cornavin – [[Eaux-Vives]] – Annemasse) project, first planned in 1884, which will connect Cornavin with the Cantonal hospital, Eaux-Vives railway station and [[Annemasse]], in France. The link between the main railway station and the [[classification yard]] of La Praille already exists; from there, the line runs mostly underground to the Hospital and Eaux-Vives, where it links to the existing line to France. The line fully opened in December 2019, as part of the [[Léman Express]] regional rail network.

[[File:TOSA Bus at PALEXPO with flag.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|TOSA Bus at PALEXPO Flash bus stops]]
In May 2013, the demonstrator [[TOSA Flash Mobility, Clean City, Smart Bus|electric bus system]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tosa2013.com/en#/tosa2013 |title=TOSA2013 The project aims to introduce a new system of mass transport with electric "flash" recharging of the buses at selected stops (overhead conductive charging) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525200937/http://www.tosa2013.com/en#/tosa2013 |archive-date=25 May 2014}}</ref> with a capacity of 133 passengers commenced between [[Geneva Airport]] and [[Palexpo]]. The project aims to introduce a new system of mass transport with electric "flash" recharging of the buses at selected stops while passengers are disembarking and embarking.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tdg.ch/geneve/circulation-en-ville/ici-trois-ans-bus-tosa-rouleront-ligne-23/story/29820398 |title=D'ici trois ans, les bus TOSA rouleront sur la ligne 23 (French) |newspaper=Tribune de Genève |access-date=24 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326095428/http://www.tdg.ch/geneve/circulation-en-ville/ici-trois-ans-bus-tosa-rouleront-ligne-23/story/29820398 |archive-date=26 March 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Taxis in Geneva can be difficult to find, and may need to be booked in advance, especially in the early morning or at peak hours. Taxis can refuse to take babies and children because of [[Infant car seat|seating]] legislation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.20min.ch/ro/rechercher/story/27606758 |title=20 Minutes: Bebés et enfants ne sont pas bienvenus dans les taxis (French) |date=4 July 2007 |access-date=2 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080116021337/http://www.20min.ch/ro/rechercher/story/27606758 |archive-date=16 January 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>

An ambitious project to close 200 streets in the centre of Geneva to cars was approved by the Geneva cantonal authorities in 2010 and was planned to be implemented over a span of four years (2010–2014), though {{as of|lc=y|2018}}, work on the project has yet to be started.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldradio.ch/wrs/news/switzerland/greenlight-for-a-car-free-geneva.shtml |title=worldradio.ch |publisher=worldradio.ch |access-date=3 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502042709/http://www.worldradio.ch/wrs/news/switzerland/greenlight-for-a-car-free-geneva.shtml |archive-date=2 May 2010}}</ref>

=== Utilities ===
[[File:Cheneviers et Verbois.jpg|thumb|The SIG-owned incinerator of Cheneviers, Verbois dam, and the solar farm]]
Water, natural gas and electricity are provided to the [[municipalities of the Canton of Geneva]] by the state-owned [[Services Industriels de Genève]], known as SIG. Most of the drinking water (80%) is extracted from the [[Lake Geneva|lake]]; the remaining 20% is provided by [[groundwater]], originally formed by infiltration from the Arve. 30% of the Canton's electricity needs is locally produced, mainly by three [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] dams on the [[Rhône]] (Seujet, Verbois and Chancy-Pougny). In addition, 13% of the electricity produced in the Canton is from the burning of waste at the [[Waste management#Incineration|waste incineration facility]] of [[Les Cheneviers]]. The remaining needs (57%) are covered by imports from other cantons in Switzerland or other European countries; SIG buys only electricity produced by [[renewable energy|renewable methods]], and in particular does not use electricity produced using [[nuclear reactor]]s or [[fossil fuels]]. Natural gas is available in the City of Geneva, as well as in about two-thirds of the municipalities of the canton, and is imported from Western Europe by the Swiss company Gaznat. SIG also provides telecommunication facilities to carriers, [[service provider]]s and large enterprises. From 2003 to 2005, "Voisin, voisine" a [[FTTH|fibre-to-the-home]] pilot project with a [[Triple play (telecommunications)|triple play]] offering was launched to test the [[end-user]] market in the Charmilles district.

== International organisations ==
{{See also|List of international organizations based in Geneva}}
[[File:WIPO3.JPG|thumb|upright|The [[World Intellectual Property Organization]].]]
[[File:ONU Geneva mainroom.jpg|thumb|left|The assembly hall of the [[Palace of Nations, Geneva|''Palais des nations'']].]]

Geneva is the European headquarters of the [[United Nations Office at Geneva|United Nations]], in the [[Palace of Nations, Geneva|Palace of Nations]] building, up the hill from the headquarters of the former League of Nations. Several agencies are headquartered in Geneva, including the [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]], the UN [[Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights]], the [[World Health Organization]], the [[International Labour Organization]], [[International Telecommunication Union]], the [[International Baccalaureate Organization]] and the [[World Intellectual Property Organization]].

Apart from the UN agencies, Geneva hosts many [[inter-governmental organizations]], such as the [[World Trade Organization]], the [[South Centre (organization)|South Centre]], the [[World Meteorological Organization]], the [[World Economic Forum]], the [[International Organization for Migration]], the [[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies]] and the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]].

The [[Maison de la Paix]] building hosts the three Geneva centres supported by the Swiss Confederation: the [[Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining|International Centre for Humanitarian Demining]], the [[Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces|Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces]] and the [[Geneva Centre for Security Policy]], as well as other organisations active in the field of peace, international affairs and sustainable development.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maison de la paix |url=http://graduateinstitute.ch/maisondelapaix |website=Graduate Institute Geneva |access-date=21 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006222730/http://graduateinstitute.ch/maisondelapaix |archive-date=6 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Organizations on the European level include the [[European Broadcasting Union]] (EBU) and [[CERN]] (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) which is the world's largest particle physics laboratory.

The [[Geneva Environment Network]] (GEN) publishes the Geneva Green Guide,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.environmenthouse.ch/index.php?page=greenguide/ |title=Geneva Green Guide |work=International Environment House |access-date=9 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010143526/http://www.environmenthouse.ch/index.php?page=greenguide%2F |archive-date=10 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> an extensive listing of Geneva-based global organisations working on environmental protection and sustainable development. A website,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.partnerships4planet.ch/ |title=Partnerships for the Planet – Stories from Geneva |publisher=Partnerships4planet.ch |access-date=3 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705201840/http://www.partnerships4planet.ch/ |archive-date=5 July 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> jointly run by the Swiss Government, the [[World Business Council for Sustainable Development]], the [[United Nations Environment Programme]] and the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]], includes accounts of how NGOs, business, government and the UN cooperate. By doing so, it attempts to explain why Geneva has been picked by so many NGOs and UN bodies as their headquarters' location.

The [[World Organization of the Scout Movement]] and the World Scout Bureau Central Office are headquartered in Geneva.

== Notable people ==

=== A–C ===
[[File:GustaveAdor.jpg|140px|thumb|Gustave Ador]]
[[File:Christiane Brunner.jpg|140px|thumb|Christiane Brunner]]
[[File:Portrait of John Calvin (1509–1564), by anonymous - Museum Catharijneconvent.jpg|140px|thumb|John Calvin, c.&nbsp;1550]]
[[File:Isaac Casaubon from NPG.jpg|140px|thumb|Isaac Casaubon]]
* [[Alfredo Aceto]] (born 1991), a visual artist
* [[Gustave Ador]] (1845–1928), statesman, President of the [[Red Cross]] (ICRC)<ref>{{cite EB1922 |wstitle=Ador, Gustave |page=11}}</ref>
* [[David Aebischer]] (born 1978), ice hockey goaltender, 2001 [[Stanley Cup]] champion
* [[Jacques-Laurent Agasse]] (1767–1849), animal and landscape painter<ref>{{cite DNB |last=Radford |first=Ernest |wstitle=Agasse, James Laurent |volume=1 |page=175}}</ref>
* [[Jeff Agoos]] (born 1968), retired American soccer defender, 134 caps for the [[United States men's national soccer team|US team]]
* [[Henri-Frédéric Amiel]] (1821–1881), moral philosopher, poet and critic<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Amiel, Henri Frédéric |volume=1 |page=885}}</ref>
* [[Gustave Amoudruz]] (1885–1963), sports shooter, bronze medallist at the [[1920 Summer Olympics]] 
* [[Adolphe Appia]] (1862–1928), architect and theorist of [[stage lighting]] and décor. 
* [[Philip Arditti]] (born c.&nbsp;1980), British/Jewish Sephardic theatre and television actor<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1787364/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225105128/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1787364/ |date=25 December 2018 }} retrieved 23 December 2018.</ref>
* [[Aimé Argand]] (1750–1803), physicist and chemist, invented the [[Argand lamp]]<ref>[http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F25832.php Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse, No 1, Argand, Ami] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402101924/http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F25832.php |date=2 April 2019 }} retrieved 1 January 2019.</ref>
* [[Jean-Robert Argand]] (1768–1822), amateur mathematician, published the [[Argand diagram]]<ref>[http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Argand.html School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland, Jean Robert Argand] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223172354/http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Argand.html |date=23 December 2018 }} retrieved 1 January 2019.</ref>
* [[Martha Argerich]] (born 1941), an Argentine classical concert pianist
* [[John Armleder]] (born 1948), performance artist, painter, sculptor, critic and curator
* [[Germaine Aussey]] (1909–1979), née Agassiz, an actress of Swiss origin who settled in Geneva in 1960<ref>[http://www.cineartistes.com/fiche-Germaine+Aussey.html Germaine Aussey] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231043034/http://www.cineartistes.com/fiche-Germaine+Aussey.html |date=31 December 2018 }}, on cineartistes.com (in French).</ref>
* [[Alexandre Bardinon]] (born 2002), racing driver
* [[Pierre Bardinon]] (1931–2012), businessman and car collector
* [[Mathias Beche]] (born 1986), racing driver
* [[Jean-Luc Bideau]] (born 1940), film actor<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0081175/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227150733/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0081175/ |date=27 December 2018 }} retrieved 23 December 2018.</ref>
* [[Ernest Bloch]] (1880–1959), US composer of Swiss origin
* [[Roger Bocquet]] (1921–1994), footballer who won 48 caps for Switzerland
* [[Raoul de Boigne|Raoul Marie Joseph Count de Boigne]] (1862–1949), a French sports shooter, bronze medallist at the [[1908 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Caroline Boissier-Butini]] (1786–1836), pianist and composer
* [[François Bonivard]] (1493–1570), Geneva ecclesiastic, historian and libertine<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Bonivard, François |volume=4 |page=209}}</ref>
* [[Charles Bonnet]] (1720–1793), naturalist and philosophical writer<ref>[http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F15877.php Bonnet, Charles] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102050631/http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F15877.php |date=2 January 2019 }}, in the [[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]].</ref>
* [[Jorge Luis Borges]] (1899–1986), Argentine short-story writer, studied at the [[Collège de Genève]]
* [[Marc-Théodore Bourrit]] (1739–1819), traveller and writer<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Bourrit, Marc Théodore|volume=4 |page=334}}</ref>
* [[Nicolas Bouvier]] (1929–1998), writer and photographer
* [[Clotilde Bressler-Gianoli]] (1875–1912), an Italian opera singer
* [[Christiane Brunner]] (born 1947), politician, lawyer and trade union champion 
* [[Mickaël Buffaz]] (born 1979), French cyclist
* [[Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui]] (1694–1748), Genevan legal and political theorist<ref>[http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F16279.php Burlamaqui, Jean-Jacques] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102050619/http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F16279.php |date=2 January 2019 }}, in the [[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]].</ref>
* [[Cécile Butticaz]] (1884–1966), engineer
* [[Kate Burton (actress)|Kate Burton]] (born 1957), actress, the daughter of actor [[Richard Burton]]<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0123632/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222204625/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0123632/ |date=22 February 2019 }} retrieved 23 December 2018.</ref>
* [[John Calvin]] (1509–1564), influential theologian, reformer<ref>[http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F11069.php Calvin (Cauvin), Jean] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111092701/http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F11069.php |date=11 January 2019 }}, in the [[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]].</ref>
* [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle]] (1778–1841), botanist, worked on plant classification<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Candolle, Augustin Pyrame de |volume=5 |pages=180–181}}</ref>
* [[Clint Capela]] (born 1994), professional basketball player
* [[Jean de Carro]] (1770–1857), Vienna-based physician, promoted vaccination against smallpox<ref>{{Cite AmCyc |wstitle=Carro, Jean de |page=28}}</ref>
* [[Isaac Casaubon]] (1559–1614), a classical scholar and philologist<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Casaubon, Isaac |volume=5 |page=441}}</ref>
* [[Méric Casaubon]] (1599–1671), son of [[Isaac Casaubon]], a French-English classical scholar<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Casaubon, Florence Estienne Méric |volume=5 |page=441}}</ref>
* [[Mike Castro de Maria]] (born 1972), electronic music composer
* [[Jean-Jacques Challet-Venel]] (1811–1893), politician, on the [[Swiss Federal Council]] 1864–1872
* [[Alfred Edward Chalon]] RA (1780–1860), portrait painter<ref>{{cite DNB |last=Radford |first=Ernest |wstitle=Chalon, Alfred Edward |volume=9 |pages=455–456}}</ref>
* [[John James Chalon]] RA (1778–1854), painter of landscapes, marine scenes and animal life<ref>{{cite DNB |last=Radford |first=Ernest |wstitle=Chalon, John James |volume=9 |page=456}}</ref>
* [[Marguerite Champendal]] (1870–1928), first Genevan to have obtained her doctorate in medicine at the University of Geneva (1900) 
* [[Henri Christiné]] (1867–1941), French composer of sparkling, witty, jazzy musical plays<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0160420/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529103615/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0160420/ |date=29 May 2019 }} retrieved 1 January 2019.</ref>
* [[Victor Cherbuliez]] (1829–1899), novelist and author<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Cherbuliez, Charles Victor |volume=6 |page=82}}</ref>
* [[Étienne Clavière]] (1735–1793), banker and politician of the French revolution<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Clavière, Étienne |volume=6 |page=469}}</ref>
* [[Paulo Coelho]] (born 1947), Brazilian lyricist and novelist, author of ''[[The Alchemist (novel)|The Alchemist]]'', residing in Geneva<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.agogo.nl/homenews/articles/item/paulo-coelho-i-m-not-going-to-the-world-cup |title=Interview with Paulo Coelho |first=Cultura |last=Brasileira |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612083758/http://agogo.nl/homenews/articles/item/paulo-coelho-i-m-not-going-to-the-world-cup |archive-date=12 June 2016}}</ref>
* [[Renée Colliard]] (1933–2022), former alpine skier, gold medallist at the [[1956 Winter Olympics]]
* [[Gabriel Cramer]] (1704–1752), Genevan mathematician<ref>[http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Cramer.html School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland, Gabriel Cramer] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218131705/http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Cramer.html |date=18 December 2018 }} retrieved 1 January 2019.</ref>

=== D–G ===
[[File:Michel Decastel.JPG|140px|thumb|Michel Decastel, 2012]]
[[File:Jean Henri Dunant.jpg|140px|thumb|Jean Henri Dunant, 1901]]
[[File:Kat Graham during an interview in June 2017 01.png|140px|thumb|Kat Graham, 2017]]
* [[Maryam d'Abo]] (born 1960), English film and TV actress and [[Bond girl]]<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001881/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513165459/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001881/ |date=13 May 2019 }} retrieved 5 January 2019.</ref>
* [[Jacques-Antoine Dassier]] (1715–1759), a Genevan medallist, active in London<ref>{{cite DNB |last=Wroth |first=Warwick William |wstitle=Dassier, James Anthony |volume=14 |pages=87–88}}</ref>
* [[Michel Decastel]] (born 1955), football manager and midfielder, 314 club caps, 19 for [[Switzerland national football team|Switzerland]]
* [[Jean-Denis Delétraz]] (born 1963), racing driver
* [[Louis Delétraz]] (born 1997), racing driver
* [[Jean-Louis de Lolme]] (1740–1806), lawyer and constitutional writer<ref>{{cite EB9 |wstitle=Jean Louis Delolme |volume=7 |page=51}}</ref>
* [[Jean-André Deluc]] (1727–1817), geologist, natural philosopher and meteorologist<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Deluc, Jean André |volume=7 |pages=975–976}}</ref>
* [[Joël Dicker]] (born 1985), author and novelist 
* [[Giovanni Diodati]] (1576–1649), Italian Calvinist theologian and Bible translator<ref>[http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F11103.php Diodati, Jean] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106204535/http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F11103.php |date=6 January 2019 }}, in the [[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]].</ref>
* [[Élie Ducommun]] (1833–1906), peace activist, 1902 [[Nobel Peace Prize]] winner 
* [[Armand Dufaux]] (1833–1941), aviation pioneer, flew the length of [[Lake Geneva]] in 1910
* [[Henri Dufaux]] (1879–1980), French-Swiss aviation pioneer, inventor, painter and politician
* [[Pierre Étienne Louis Dumont]] (1759–1829), Genevan political writer<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Dumont, Pierre Étienne Louis |volume=8 |pages=665–666}}</ref>
* [[Henry Dunant]] (1828–1910), founded the [[Red Cross]], first recipient of [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1901
* [[Emmanuel-Étienne Duvillard]] (1775–1832), Swiss economist
* [[Isabelle Eberhardt]] (1877–1904), Russian-Swiss explorer and travel writer
* [[Empress Elisabeth of Austria]] (1837–1898), Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Elizabeth of Austria |volume=9 |page=285}}</ref>
* [[Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice]] (born 1972), a member of the [[House of Savoy]]
* [[Louis Favre (engineer)|Louis Favre]] (1826–1879), engineer, responsible for the construction of the [[Gotthard Tunnel]]
* [[Philippe Favre]] (1961–2013), racing driver
* [[Henri Fazy]] (1842–1920), politician and historian<ref>{{cite EB1922 |wstitle=Fazy, Henri |page=59}}</ref>
* [[Edmond Fleg]], born Flegenheimer (1874–1963), a Swiss-French writer, thinker, novelist, essayist and playwright
* [[Ian Fleming]] (1908–1964), author (James Bond), studied psychology briefly in Geneva in 1931
* [[Sylvie Fleury]] (born 1961), a contemporary object artist of [[installation art]] and [[mixed media]]
* Sir [[Augustus Wollaston Franks]] KCB FRS FSA (1826–1897), English antiquary and museum administrator<ref>{{cite DNBSupp |last=Read |first=Charles Hercules |wstitle=Franks, Augustus Wollaston}}</ref>
* [[Pierre-Victor Galland]] (1822–1892), painter
* [[Albert Gallatin]] (1761–1849), an American politician of [[Republic of Geneva|Genevan]] origin,<ref>[http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F25658.php Gallatin, Albert de] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402101841/http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F25658.php |date=2 April 2019 }}, in the [[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]]</ref> diplomat, ethnologist and linguist<ref>{{cite EB1911 |first=Henry Cabot |last=Lodge |wstitle=Gallatin, Albert |volume=11 |pages=414–416}}</ref>
* [[Agénor de Gasparin]] (1810–1871), French statesman and author, also researched [[table-turning]]<ref>{{Cite AmCyc |wstitle=Gasparin, Adrien Étienne Pierre, count de |pages=641–642}}</ref>
* [[Valérie de Gasparin]] (1813–1894), woman of letters, regards freedom, equality and creativity<ref>{{Cite NIE |wstitle=Gasparin, Valérie Boissier, Countess de |page=471}}</ref>
* [[François Gaussen]] (1790–1863), Protestant divine<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Gaussen, François Samuel Robert Louis |volume=11 |page=536}}</ref>
* [[Marcel Golay (astronomer)|Marcel Golay]] (1927–2015), astronomer<ref>[http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F43520.php Golay, Marcel] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230081230/http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F43520.php |date=30 December 2018 }}, in the [[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]].</ref>
* [[Claude Goretta]] (1929–2019), film director and television producer<ref>[http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F9171.php Goretta, Claude] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230130538/http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F9171.php |date=30 December 2018 }}, in the [[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]]</ref><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0330848/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411063126/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0330848/ |date=11 April 2019 }} retrieved 5 January 2019.</ref>
* [[Emilie Gourd]] (1879–1946), journalist and activist for [[Women's suffrage in Switzerland]]
* [[Isabelle Graesslé]] (born 1959), theologian, feminist and former museum director, moderator of ministers and deacons at the [[Protestant Church of Geneva]]
* [[Kat Graham]] (born 1989), actress, singer, and model, she plays ''[[Bonnie Bennett]]'' in ''[[The Vampire Diaries]]''<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0334159/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929221154/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0334159/ |date=29 September 2019 }} retrieved 23 December 2018.</ref>
* [[Cédric Grand]] (born 1976), bobsledder, competed in four Winter Olympics, bronze medallist at the [[2006 Winter Olympics]]
* [[Romain Grosjean]] (born 1986), former Formula 1 racing driver, currently racing for [[Andretti Autosport]] in the [[IndyCar Series]]. He is mainly known for his massive crash at the [[2020 Bahrain Grand Prix]].

=== H–M ===
[[File:Francois-huber-(1750-1831).jpg|140px|thumb|Francois Huber]]
[[File:Paul Lachenal.jpg|140px|thumb|Paul Lachenal, 1939]]
[[File:LeninEnSuizaMarzo1916--barbaroussovietr00mcbr.png|140px|thumb|Lenin in Switzerland, 1916]]
[[File:Amelie Mauresmo at the Aegon Championships 2014.jpg|140px|thumb|Amelie Mauresmo, 2014]]
* Admiral of the Fleet [[Lord John Hay (Royal Navy officer, born 1827)|Lord John Hay]] GCB (1827–1916), Royal Navy officer and politician
* [[Abraham Hermanjat]] (1862–1932), painter who worked in the [[Fauvist]] and [[Divisionist]] styles
* [[Germain Henri Hess]] (1802–1850), a Swiss-Russian chemist and doctor, formulated [[Hess's law]] 
* [[Hector Hodler]] (1887–1920), [[Esperantist]]
* [[Fulk Greville Howard]] (1773–1846), an English politician<ref>[http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/howard-hon-fulk-greville-1773-1846 The History of Parliament Trust, HOWARD, Hon. Fulk Greville (1773–1846)] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106204357/http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/howard-hon-fulk-greville-1773-1846 |date=6 January 2019 }} retrieved 6 January 2019.</ref>
* [[Jean Huber]] (1721–1786), a painter, silhouettiste, soldier and author
* [[François Huber]] (1750–1831), naturalist, studied the respiration of bees<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Huber, François |volume=13 |page=845}}</ref>
* [[Marie Huber]] (1695–1753), translator, editor and author of theological works
* [[Pierre Jeanneret]] (1896–1967), architect, collaborated with his cousin [[Le Corbusier]]
* [[Thomas Jouannet]] (born 1970), actor<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0431031/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227131109/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0431031/ |date=27 December 2018 }} retrieved 6 January 2019.</ref>
* [[Charles Journet]] (1891–1975), cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
* [[Louis Jurine]] (1751–1819), physician, surgeon, naturalist and entomologist
* [[Sonia Kacem]] (born 1985), Swiss-born visual artist
* [[Michael Krausz]] (born 1942), American philosopher, an artist and orchestral conductor
* [[Adrien Lachenal]] (1849–1918), politician, [[Federal Council of Switzerland]] 1892–1899 
* [[François Lachenal]] (1918–1997), a publisher and diplomat
* [[Paul Lachenal]] (1884–1955), politician, co-founded [[Orchestre de la Suisse Romande]]
* [[Marie Laforêt]] (1939–2019), a French singer and actress<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0481030/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516232835/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0481030/ |date=16 May 2019 }} retrieved 23 December 2018.</ref>
* [[Sarah Lahbati]] (born 1993), actress and singer<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3834865/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206144507/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm3834865/ |date=6 February 2018 }} retrieved 10 January 2019.</ref>
* [[Franz Lefort|François Le Fort]] (1656–1699), first Russian Admiral<ref>[http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F23687.php Le Fort, François] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110235033/http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F23687.php |date=10 January 2019 }}, in the [[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]].</ref>
* [[Georges-Louis Le Sage]] (1724–1803), physicist, [[Le Sage's theory of gravitation]]
* [[Jean Leclerc (theologian)|Jean Leclerc]] (1657–1736), theologian and biblical scholar, promoted [[exegesis]]<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Le Clerc, Jean |volume=16 |pages=354–355}}</ref>
* [[Henri Leconte]] (born 1963), former French professional tennis player, men's singles finalist, French Open 1988
* [[Philippe Le Royer]] (1816–1897), French and Swiss politician and lawyer, served France as the Minister of Justice and President of the Senate<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.senat.fr/senateur-3eme-republique/le_royer_philippe_elie1502r3.html|title = Anciens sénateurs IIIème République : LE ROYER Philippe-Elie}}</ref>
* [[Vladimir Lenin]] (1870–1924), lived in Geneva 1902–1905 as an exile from the [[Russian Empire]]
* [[Jean-Étienne Liotard]] (1702–1789), painter,<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Liotard, Jean Etienne |volume=16 |page=739}}</ref> art connoisseur and dealer<ref>[http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F21960.php Liotard, Jean-Etienne] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230233457/http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F21960.php |date=30 December 2018 }}, in the [[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]].</ref>
* [[Corinne Maier]] (born 1963), psychoanalyst, economist, and best-selling writer<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1725422/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218191433/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1725422/ |date=18 February 2017 }} retrieved 10 January 2019.</ref>
* [[Ella Maillart]] (1903–1997), adventurer, travel writer and photographer, as well as a sportswoman
* [[Solomon Caesar Malan]] (1812–1894), oriental linguist and biblical scholar<ref>{{cite DNBSupp |last=Bendall |first=Cecil |wstitle=Malan, César Jean Salomon |pages=133–134}}</ref>
* [[Jacques Mallet du Pan]] (1749–1800), Genevan-French royalist journalist<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Mallet du Pan, Jacques |volume=17 |pages=491–492}}</ref>
* [[Alexander Marcet]] FRS (1770–1822), physician who became a British citizen in 1800<ref>{{Cite DNB |last=Moore |first=Norman |wstitle=Marcet, Alexander John Gaspard |volume=36 |page=122}}</ref>
* [[Jane Marcet]] (1769–1858), an innovative writer of popular introductory science books<ref>{{Cite DNB |last=Lee |first=Elizabeth |wstitle=Marcet, Jane |volume=36 |page=122}}</ref>
* [[Sebastian Marka]] (born 1978), German film director and editor
* [[Frank Martin (composer)|Frank Martin]] (1890–1974), composer, editor of [[The Statesman's Year Book]]
* [[Nicolas Maulini]] (born 1981), racing driver
* [[Théodore Maunoir]] (1806–1869), co-founder of the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]]
* [[Amélie Mauresmo]] (born 1979), former professional tennis player and former world No.1
* [[Barthélemy Menn]] (1815–1893), a landscape painter, introduced painting [[en plein air]]
* [[Alain Menu]] (born 1963), racing driver
* [[Heinrich Menu von Minutoli]] (1772–1846), a Prussian Generalmajor, explorer and archaeologist
* [[Jacques-Barthélemy Micheli du Crest]] (1690–1766), military engineer, physicist and cartographer
* [[Giorgio Mondini]] (born 1980), racing driver
* [[Stephanie Morgenstern]] (born 1965), Canadian actress, filmmaker and screenwriter<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0605174/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414234636/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0605174/ |date=14 April 2019 }} retrieved 23 December 2018.</ref>
* [[Edoardo Mortara]] (born 1987), Swiss-Italian racing driver
* [[Thierry Moutinho]] (born 1991), Swiss-Portuguese footballer
* [[Gustave Moynier]] (1826–1910), lawyer and co-founder of the [[Red Cross]]

=== N–R ===
[[File:Maury Pasquier Liliane.jpg|140px|thumb|Liliane Maury Pasquier, 2007]]
[[File:Physicist Pierre Prévost.jpg|140px|thumb|Pierre Prévost]]
[[File:Jean-Jacques Rousseau (painted portrait).jpg|140px|thumb|Jean-Jacques Rousseau]]
* [[Jacques Necker]] (1732–1804), banker and finance minister for [[Louis XVI of France]]<ref>{{cite EB1911 |first=Henry Morse |last=Stephens |first2=James Thomson |last2=Shotwell |wstitle=Necker, Jacques |volume=19 |pages=337–338}}</ref>
* [[Louis Albert Necker]] (1786–1861), a crystallographer and geographer, devised the [[Necker cube]]
* [[Felix Neff]] (1798–1829), Protestant divine and philanthropist<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Neff, Felix |volume=19 |page=342}}</ref>
* [[Alfred Newton]] FRS HFRSE (1829–1907), English zoologist and ornithologist<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Newton, Alfred |volume=19 |page=582}}</ref>
* [[Karim Ojjeh]] (born 1965), Saudi Arabian businessman and racing driver
* [[Julie Ordon]] (born 1984), model and actress<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1274086/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603223812/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1274086/ |date=3 June 2019 }} retrieved 23 December 2018.</ref>
* [[Rémy Pagani]] (born 1954), politician, Mayor of Geneva 2009/10 and 2012/13
* [[Liliane Maury Pasquier]] (born 1956), politician
* [[PATjE]] (born 1970), birth name Patrice Jauffret, a singer, songwriter, and musician<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiozones.com/rep_patje.php|title=Pasaporte, le dernier album de PATjE}}</ref>
* Faule Petitot (1572–1629), sculptor, cabinetmaker and architect, citizen of Geneva since 1615<ref>[http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F19355.php Petitot, Faule] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101002706/http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F19355.php |date=1 January 2019 }}, in the [[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]].</ref>
* [[Jean Petitot]] (1607–1691), enamel painter, son of Faule<ref>[http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F19098.php Petitot, Jean] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231144027/http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F19098.php |date=31 December 2018 }}, in the [[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]].</ref>
* [[Carmen Perrin]] (born 1953), Bolivian-born Swiss visual artist, designer, and educator.
* [[Jean Piaget]] (1896–1980), clinical psychologist, devised [[genetic epistemology]]
* [[Robert Pinget]] (1919–1997), an avant-garde French [[modernist]] [[nouveau roman]] writer
* [[George Pitt, 1st Baron Rivers]] (1721–1803), English diplomat and politician<ref>{{Cite DNB |last=Barker |first=George Fisher Russell |wstitle=Pitt, George |volume=45 |pages=343–344}}</ref>
* [[Barbara Polla]] (born 1950), medical doctor, gallery owner, art curator and writer
* [[James Pradier]] (1790–1852), [[Republic of Geneva|Genevan]] and then Swiss sculptor,<ref>[http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F22093.php Pradier, James] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401102603/http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F22093.php |date=1 April 2019 }}, in the [[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]]</ref> [[Neoclassical sculpture|neoclassical]] style
* [[Jean-Louis Prévost]] (1838–1927), neurologist and physiologist
* [[Pierre Prévost (physicist)|Pierre Prévost]] (1751–1839), philosopher, physicist wrote the law of exchange in radiation<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Prévost, Pierre |volume=22 |page=312}}</ref>
* [[Tariq Ramadan]] (born 1962), a Swiss Muslim academic, philosopher and writer
* [[Marcel Raymond]] (1897–1981), a literary critic of French literature of the "[[Geneva School]]"
* [[Flore Revalles]] (1889–1966), singer, dancer and actress<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0720754/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408131611/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0720754/ |date=8 April 2019 }} retrieved 23 December 2018.</ref>
* [[Charles Pierre Henri Rieu]] (1820–1902), Orientalist and Professor of Arabic<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Rieu, Charles Pierre Henri |volume=23 |page=325}}</ref>
* [[Auguste Arthur de la Rive]] (1801–1873), a physicist, worked on the heat of gases<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=De la Rive, Auguste Arthur |volume=7 |page=944}}</ref>
* [[Charles-Gaspard de la Rive]] (1770–1834), physicist, psychiatrist and politician 
* [[François Jules Pictet de la Rive]] (1809–1872), zoologist and palaeontologist<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Pictet de la Rive, François Jules |volume=21 |page=586}}</ref>
* [[Tibor Rosenbaum]] (1923–1980), rabbi and businessman
* [[Marc Rosset]] (born 1970), former pro tennis player, gold medallist at the [[1992 Summer Olympics|1992 Olympic Games]]
* [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] (1712–1778), writer and philosopher<ref>{{cite EB1911 |last=Saintsbury |first=George |wstitle=Rousseau, Jean Jacques |volume=23 |pages=775–778}}</ref>
* [[Jean Rousset]] (1910–2002), literary critic and early [[structuralism]] writer of the [[Geneva School]] 
* [[Xavier Ruiz]] (born 1970), film producer and director<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1046624/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216192528/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1046624/ |date=16 February 2017 }} retrieved 23 December 2018.</ref>

=== S–Z ===
[[File:Ferdinand de Saussure by Jullien.png|140px|thumb|Ferdinand de Saussure]]
[[File:Salzburger Festspiele 2012 - Szene aus "Das Labyrinth".jpg|140px|thumb|Michael Schade, 2012]]
[[File:Michel Simon in The Train (1964) trailer.jpg|140px|thumb|Michel Simon, 1964]]
[[File:Vogel061115.jpg|140px|thumb|Johann Vogel, 2006]]
[[File:Nicolas de Largillière, François-Marie Arouet dit Voltaire adjusted.png|140px|thumb|Voltaire]]
* [[Ferdinand de Saussure]] (1857–1913), a linguist and [[semiotician]]
* [[Horace Bénédict de Saussure]] (1740–1799), geologist, meteorologist, physicist, and Alpine explorer<ref>[http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F15911.php Saussure, Horace Bénédict de] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230233802/http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F15911.php |date=30 December 2018 }}, in the [[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]].</ref>
* [[Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure]] (1767–1845), chemist, studied plant physiology, advanced phytochemistry<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Saussure, Nicolas Théodore de |volume=24 |pages=238–239}}</ref>
* [[Léon Savary]] (1895–1968), writer and journalist
* [[Michael Schade]] (born 1965), a Canadian operatic tenor<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0769564/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215182529/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0769564/ |date=15 February 2017 }} retrieved 23 December 2018.</ref>
* [[Johann Jacob Schweppe]] (1740–1821), watchmaker developed [[Schweppes]] bottled [[carbonated water]]
* [[Marguerite Sechehaye]] (1887–1965), a psychotherapist, treated people with [[schizophrenia]]
* [[Louis Segond]] (1810–1885), theologian and translator, pastor in [[Chêne-Bougeries]]
* [[Philippe Senderos]] (born 1985), footballer, over 200 club caps and 57 for [[Switzerland national football team|Switzerland]]
* [[Jean Senebier]] (1742–1809), pastor and voluminous writer on vegetable physiology<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Senebier, Jean |volume=24 |page=637}}</ref>
*[[Liberato Firmino Sifonia]] (1917–1996), an Italian composer
* [[Pierre Eugene du Simitiere]] (1737–1784), naturalist, American patriot and portrait painter.
* [[Michel Simon]] (1895–1975), actor<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0800302/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524180804/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0800302/ |date=24 May 2019 }} retrieved 23 December 2018.</ref>
* [[Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi]] (1773–1842), historian and political economist<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Sismondi, Jean Charles Leonard de |volume=25 |page=159}}</ref>
* [[Edward Snowden]] (born 1983), lived in Geneva between 2007 and 2009, while working for the [[CIA]]
* [[Pierre Soubeyran]] (1706–1775), engraver, etcher and [[Encyclopédiste]]<ref>{{HDS|26167|Soubeyran, Pierre}}</ref>
* [[Terry Southern]] (1924–1995), American author, essayist and screenwriter; lived in Geneva 1956–59<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0816143/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220222250/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0816143/ |date=20 December 2018 }} retrieved 23 December 2018.</ref>
* [[Ezekiel Spanheim]] (1629–1710), Prussian diplomat
* [[Friedrich Spanheim]] (1632–1701), a Calvinistic theology professor at the [[University of Leiden]]
* [[Jacques Charles François Sturm]] (1803–1855), French mathematician<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Sturm, Jacques Charles François |volume=25 |page=1053}}</ref>
* [[Émile Taddéoli]] (1879–1920), Swiss aviation pioneer
* [[Alain Tanner]] (1929–2022), film director<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0849609/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411060335/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0849609/ |date=11 April 2019 }} retrieved 23 December 2018.</ref>
* [[Sigismund Thalberg]] (1812–1871), Austrian composer and pianist<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Thalberg, Sigismond |volume=26 |page=719}}</ref>
* [[Max Thurian]] (1921–1996), theologian, known as Frère Max
* [[Pierre Tirard]] (1827–1893), French politician<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Tirard, Pierre Emanuel |volume=26 |page=1006}}</ref>
* [[Rodolphe Töpffer]] (1799–1846), teacher, author, painter, cartoonist and caricaturist<ref>{{cite EB1911 |last=Coolidge |first=William Augustus Brevoort |wstitle=Töpffer, Rodolphe |volume=27 |page=49–50}}</ref>
* [[Wolfgang-Adam Töpffer]] (1766–1847), painter of landscapes and watercolors<ref>{{HDS|21967|Töpffer, Wolfgang-Adam}}</ref>
* [[Vico Torriani]] (1920–1998), singer, actor, show host<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0868909/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523140658/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0868909/ |date=23 May 2019 }} retrieved 23 December 2018.</ref>
* [[Georges Trombert]] (1874–1949), a French fencer, silver and bronze medallist at the [[1920 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Théodore Tronchin]] (1709–1781), a Genevan physician<ref>{{HDS|14670|Tronchin, Théodore}}</ref>
* [[François Turrettini]] (1623–1687), a Genevan-Italian Reformed scholastic theologian<ref>{{HDS|11337|Turrettini, François}}</ref>
* [[Jean Alphonse Turrettini]] (1671–1737), reformed theologian<ref>{{HDS|11336|Turrettini, Jean-Alphonse}}</ref>
* [[Princess Vittoria of Savoy]] (2003), heir to the [[House of Savoy|Italian throne]]
* [[François Vivares]] (1709–1780), French landscape-engraver, active in England<ref>{{cite DNB |last=O'Donoghue |first=Freeman Marius |wstitle=Vivares,_François |volume=58 |pages=376–377}}</ref>
* [[Johann Vogel (footballer)|Johann Vogel]] (born 1977), former footballer, played 94 games for [[Switzerland national football team|Switzerland]]
* Prince [[Andrei Volkonsky]] (1933–2008), Russian composer of classical music and harpsichordist<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0901510/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824143106/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0901510/ |date=24 August 2020 }} retrieved 30 December 2018.</ref>
* [[Voltaire]] (1694–1778), French philosopher, historian, dramatist and man of letters; lived at [[Les Délices]] 1755–1760<ref>{{cite EB1911 |last=Saintsbury |first=George |wstitle=Voltaire, François Marie Arouet de |volume=28 |pages=199–205}}</ref>
* [[Nedd Willard]] (1926–2018), writer
* [[R. Norris Williams]] (1891–1968), American tennis player and [[RMS Titanic]] survivor
* [[Pierre Wissmer]] (1915–1992), Swiss-French composer, pianist and music teacher
* [[Jean Ziegler]] (born 1934), politician and sociologist
* [[Reto Ziegler]] (born 1986), footballer, has played 35 games for [[Switzerland national football team|Switzerland]]

== See also ==
* [[Outline of Geneva]]
* [[Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire (Geneva)]]
* [[Boule de Genève]]
* [[Calvin Auditory]], a chapel that played a significant role in the Reformation
* [[Circuit des Nations]], the historic racetrack
* [[Franco-Provençal language]]
* [[Geneva Freeport]]
* [[Geneva Summit for Human Rights and Democracy]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{HDS|2903|Geneva (municipality)}}
* Joëlle Kuntz, ''Geneva and the call of internationalism. A history'', éditions Zoé, 2011, 96 pages ({{ISBN|978-2-88182-855-3}}).

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Geneva}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
*{{official website|www.geneve.ch}} {{in lang|fr}} {{in lang|en}}
*[https://www.geneve.com/en/ Geneva Tourist Information Office]
*[http://www.tpg.ch Geneva public transport] 
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Geneva |volume=11 |last= Coolidge |first= William Augustus Brevoort |author-link= William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge |pages=587–592 |short=x}}

{{Geneva}}
{{Municipalities of the Canton of Geneva}}
{{Cantons of Switzerland}}
{{Cities in Switzerland}}
{{List of European capitals by region}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Switzerland|Europe|Geography|<!-- Eurasia --><!-- Western Europe -->}}

[[Category:Geneva| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Cantonal capitals of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1st millennium BC]]
[[Category:Associates of the Old Swiss Confederacy]]
[[Category:Former theocracies]]
[[Category:Counties of the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Rhône]]
[[Category:Populated places on Lake Geneva]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the canton of Geneva]]
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[[Категория:Википедия]]
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