Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Genrikh Kasparyan

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Short description|Soviet chess player}}
{{Infobox chess player
|name = Genrikh Kasparyan
|image = Birth Centenary of Henrik Kasparyan.jpg
|caption = Kasparyan on a 2010 Armenian stamp
|birthname = Genrikh Moiseyevich Kasparyan 
|country = [[Armenia]] <br /> Soviet Union <br /> [[Russian Empire]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date |df=yes|1910|2|27}}
|birth_place = [[Tbilisi]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], Russian Empire
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1995|12|27|1910|2|27}}
|death_place = [[Yerevan]], Armenia
|title = * [[International Master]] (1950)
* [[International Judge of Chess Compositions]] (1956)
* Grandmaster of Chess Composition (1972)
|rating = 
|peakrating =
}}

'''Genrikh Kasparyan''' ({{lang-hy|Հենրիկ Գասպարյան}}; 27 February 1910 in [[Tbilisi]] – 27 December 1995 in [[Yerevan]]) was a Soviet [[chess]] player. He is considered to have been one of the greatest [[chess composer|composer]]s of chess [[endgame studies]].  Outside [[Armenia]], he is better known by the [[Russian language|Russian]] version of his name '''Genrikh Moiseyevich Kasparyan''' or '''Kasparian''' ({{lang-ru|Генрих Моисеевич Каспарян}}).

Kasparyan became a [[Chess master|national master]] in 1936 and an [[international master]] in 1950. He was awarded the titles of [[International Judge of Chess Compositions]] in 1956 and International Grandmaster of Chess Composition in 1972, the first composer to receive this title from [[FIDE]] {{harvcol|Harkola|2007}}.

Kasparyan was also a very strong chess player, winning the [[Armenian Chess Championship|Armenian championship]] ten times<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armchess.am/all_ch_arm.htm |title=All Champions of Armenia |publisher=Armchess.am |accessdate=16 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120000741/http://www.armchess.am/all_ch_arm.htm |archivedate=20 January 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> (from 1934 to 1956, including two ties with future [[world chess champion|world champion]] [[Tigran Petrosian]]) and the [[Tiflis]] championship three times (1931, 1937, 1945). He reached the [[USSR Chess Championship|USSR Championship]] finals four times (1931, 1937, 1947, 1952), but never finished higher than tenth place.

Kasparyan is best known for his compositions.  He started with [[chess problems]], mainly {{chessprobgloss|three-movers}}, but soon discovered that his best field was in [[endgame studies]].  He wrote several books and collections and composed about 600 studies, many on the theme of domination, winning 57 first prizes.<ref>''Study Database 2005'', by [[Harold van der Heijden]].</ref> He won the USSR Composing Championship several times {{harvcol|Sunnucks|1970}}.
{{AN chess|pos=toc}}

==Sample study==
[[Irving Chernev]] included five of Kasparyan's compositions in his book ''200 Brilliant Endgames''.  This study uses a "[[model mate]]" in the middle of the board. {{harvcol|Chernev|1989|p=103}}

{{Chess diagram
| tleft
| Kasparyan, 1955
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |nl|  
|kl|  |  |pd|bl|  |  |  
|  |  |kd|  |  |  |  |  
|bd|  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |pl|  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|{{hidden |ta1=left |fw1=normal |White to move and win |{{em|Solution:}} <br />1.Bf5 Kd4 2.Ne6+ Ke5 3.Bh3 Bc2 4.d4+ Kd5 5.Kb5 Bh7 6.Kb4 Bg8 7.Kc3 Bxe6 8.Bg2{{chessAN|#}} }} 
}}
{{clear left}}

==Most famous combination from practical play==
Apart from being a prolific composer of chess problems Kasparyan was, as mentioned above, an excellent tournament player. One of his games,  Genrikh Kasparyan–Koryun Manvelyan, Armenian Championship, Yerevan 1938, has found its way into countless books on chess tactics:

{{Chess diagram
| tleft
| Kasparyan vs. Manvelyan, 1938
|  |  |qd|  |  |  |  |rd
|  |  |pd|  |  |  |  |pd  
|kd|pd|nd|pd|  |  |pd|  
|pd|  |  |bd|  |  |  |  
|pl|  |  |  |  |  |  |ql
|  |pl|rl|  |  |nl|pl|  
|  |  |pl|  |  |  |bl|pl
|  |  |kl|  |  |  |  |  
| Position after 25...Bxd5
}}
<br />1.d4 g6 2.b3 Bg7 3.Bb2 d6 4.e4 f5 5.exf5 Bxf5 6.g3 Nc6 7.Bg2 Qd7 8.f4 0-0-0 9.Nf3 a5 10.Nc3 Nf6 11.Qd2 Ne4 12.Nxe4 Bxe4 13.a4 Rhe8 14.Bc3 b6 15.0-0-0 Kb7 16.Rhe1 Bd5 17.Re2 e5 18.Rde1 exf4 19.Rxe8 Rxe8 20.Qxf4 Ka6 21.Qh4 Rh8 22.Rd1 Qc8 23.Rd3 Be6 24.d5 Bxc3 25.Rxc3 Bxd5 ({{em|diagram}}) 26.Rxc6{{chesspunc|!}} Bxc6 27.Qc4+ Kb7 28.Qxc6+{{chesspunc|!!}} Kxc6 29.Ne5{{chessAN|++}} Kc5 30.Nd3+ Kd4 31.Kd2!! {{chessAN|1–0}}
{{clear left}}

==Books==
* ''Domination in 2,545 Endgame Studies'' by Genrikh Kasparyan. {{ISBN|0-923891-87-0}}
* ''The Complete Studies of Genrikh Kasparyan'' by [[A. J. Roycroft]].
* ''888 Miniature Studies'' by Genrikh Moiseyevich Kasparian. {{ISBN|978-86-7686-147-7}}

==Notable games==
*[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1384082, Vitaly Chekhover vs. Genrikh Kasparian, Erevan, Match 1936, King's Indian Defense: Fianchetto Variation, Classical Fianchetto (E67), 0–1]
*[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1033657, Genrikh Kasparian vs. David Bronstein, Ch URS 1947, Sicilian Defense: Grand Prix Attack (B23), 1–0]
*[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1144085, Genrikh Kasparian vs. Anatoly Ufimtsev, Ch URS 1947, Reti Opening: Anglo-Slav, Bogoljubow Variation Stonewall Line (A12), 1–0]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book
 |last=Chernev
 |first=Irving
 |authorlink=Irving Chernev
 |title=200 Brilliant Endgames
 |year=1989
 |publisher=Dover
 |isbn=0-486-43211-4
 |url-access=registration
 |url=https://archive.org/details/200brilliantendg00cher
 }}
* {{cite book
 |last=Sunnucks | first=Anne |authorlink=Anne Sunnucks
 |year=1970 
 |title=The Encyclopaedia of Chess
 |publisher=St. Martins Press
 |isbn=978-0-7091-4697-1}} <!-- ISBN is for the second edition -->
* {{cite book
 |last=Harkola|first=Hannu
 |year=2007
 |title=Handbook of Chess Composition v4.1}} http://www.saunalahti.fi/~stniekat/pccc/hcc.htm

==External links==
*{{chessgames player|id=16482}}
*[http://www.redhotpawn.com/chess/grandmaster-games/index.php?player=Genrikh_Kasparian&masterplayerid=7111 Grandmaster Games Database – Genrikh Kasparyan]
*[http://arves.org/arves/index.php/en/endgamestudies/studies-by-composer/90-genrikh-kasparyan Selected studies by Kasparyan at Arves.org]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kasparyan, Genrikh}}
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:Armenian chess players]]
[[Category:Soviet chess players]]
[[Category:Chess players from Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Chess composers]]
[[Category:20th-century Armenian writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Chess International Masters]]
[[Category:Chess writers]]
[[Category:Grandmasters for chess composition]]
[[Category:Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR]]
[[Category:Chess players from Tbilisi]]
[[Category:Georgian people of Armenian descent]]
[[Category:Armenian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century chess players]]
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