Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:George Gore

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|American baseball player (1854–1933)}}
{{Other people}}
{{Infobox baseball biography
|name=George Gore
|image=George Gore.jpg
|position=[[Center fielder]]
|birth_date={{birth date|1854|5|3}}
|birth_place=[[Westbrook, Maine|Saccarappa, Maine]], U.S.
|death_date={{death date and age|1933|9|16|1854|5|3}}
|death_place=[[Utica, New York]], U.S.
|bats=Left
|throws=Right
|debutleague = MLB
|debutdate=May 1
|debutyear=1879
|debutteam=Chicago White Stockings
|finalleague = MLB
|finaldate=August 18
|finalyear=1892
|finalteam=St. Louis Browns
|statleague = MLB
|stat1label=[[Batting average (baseball)|Batting average]]
|stat2label=[[Home run]]s
|stat3label=[[Run batted in|Runs batted in]]
|stat1value=.301
|stat2value=46
|stat3value=618
|teams=
'''As player'''
*[[Chicago Cubs|Chicago White Stockings]] ({{mlby|1879}}–{{mlby|1886}})
*[[San Francisco Giants|New York Giants]] ({{mlby|1887}}–{{mlby|1889}})
*[[New York Giants (PL)]] ({{mlby|1890}})
*[[San Francisco Giants|New York Giants]] ({{mlby|1891}}–{{mlby|1892}})
*[[St. Louis Cardinals|St. Louis Browns]] ({{mlby|1892}})
'''As manager'''
*[[St. Louis Cardinals|St. Louis Browns]] ({{mlby|1892}})
|highlights=
* [[List of Major League Baseball batting champions|NL batting champion]] (1880)
}}
'''George F. Gore''' (May 3, 1854 – September 16, 1933), nicknamed "'''Piano Legs'''",<ref name="reference">{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/g/gorege01.shtml|title=George Gore's career statistics|work=Baseball-Reference.com|access-date=2009-10-22}}</ref> was an American [[center fielder]] in [[Major League Baseball]] who played for 14 seasons, eight for the [[Chicago Cubs|Chicago White Stockings]], five for the [[San Francisco Giants|New York Giants]], one for the [[St. Louis Cardinals|St. Louis Browns]] (1892) of the [[National League (baseball)|National League]] (NL), and the [[New York Giants (PL)|New York Giants]] of the [[Players' League]] (1890).

Born in [[Saccarappa, Maine]], Gore led the NL in several seasonal offensive categories. He won his only [[batting average (baseball)|batting]] title in 1880 while playing for Chicago, along with league leading totals in [[on-base percentage]] and [[slugging percentage]]. He also led the league twice in [[run (baseball)|runs scored]], [[base on balls|bases on balls]] three times, and [[games played]] by a center fielder once. Gore was also the all-time leader for most errors by major league outfielder upon his retirement with 368 total, including a record 346 errors in the National League, records he still holds today. (He made 217 errors for Chicago; 122 for New York; and seven for St. Louis, all National League teams; and 22 for the New York Giants of the [[Players' League]].)<ref>{{cite web|title=George Gore – Standard Fielding|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/g/gorege01-field.shtml|publisher=Baseball-Reference.com}}</ref>

Gore played for many successful teams throughout his career. During his eight seasons with the White Stockings, they won the league title five times, including appearances in two [[World Series]]. Chicago played the St. Louis Browns in both 1885, which ended in a series tie, and 1886, with St. Louis winning the championship. He was also a member of the New York Giants' two National League championship teams in 1888 and 1889. Both Giants teams went on to claim World Series victories, against the St. Louis Browns in 1888, and the [[Los Angeles Dodgers|Brooklyn Bridegrooms]] in 1889.

Twice he set single-game records, one for stealing seven bases, and the other for collecting five [[extra-base hit]]s. Although he had statistics that put him consistently among the seasonal league leaders, he reportedly had a poor work ethic resulting from an active social life outside of baseball. This behavior did not endear him to his team captain, [[Cap Anson]], which caused them to feud during Gore's time in Chicago. After his career, he had major financial difficulties, having to move from job to job just to support his bare necessities. He died at the age of 79 in [[Utica, New York]].

==Early life==
Officially born in [[Westbrook, Maine|Saccarappa, Maine]] (although it is also claimed he was born in [[Hartland, Maine]]), Gore was born into a poor, country family.<ref name="retrosheet">{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/G/Pgoreg101.htm|title=George Gore's career statistics|work=retrosheet.org|publisher=Retrosheet, Inc|access-date=2009-10-22}}</ref><ref name="waterfront">{{cite web|url=http://www.workingwaterfront.com/articles/The-colorful-career-of-one-of-the-states-best-baseball-players/13008/|title=The colorful career of one of the state's best baseball players|last=Gratwick|first=Harry|work=workingwaterfront.com|publisher=Island Institute & Working Waterfront|access-date=2009-10-29}}</ref> As a young man, he grew up playing baseball in and around his hometown of Hartland. While working for, and playing for the S.D. Warren Paper Mill in [[Westbrook, Maine]], his skills caught the attention of pro scouts and in 1877 he signed a contract with a team in [[Fall River, Massachusetts]] of the New England League.<ref name=waterfront/> He showed up to his first professional baseball tryout without shoes.<ref name=waterfront/>

The following year, he played for the New Bedford Whalers, batted .324 and helped the team win the New England championship.<ref name=waterfront/> Scouts from seven major league teams were vying for his services, but it was when he was playing in an exhibition game against Anson's Chicago White Stockings team that he got his opportunity to sign a major league contract. After the game, White Stockings owner [[Albert Spalding]] offered him a contract to play for his team, and Gore signed. Spalding offered him $1,200 a season, and although Gore originally asked for $2,500, they eventually compromised on $1,900.<ref name=waterfront/>

==Baseball career==

===Chicago===
He made his major league debut with Chicago on May 1, 1879.<ref name=retrosheet/> He played in 63 games that first season as the club's starting center fielder and batted .263.<ref name=retrosheet/> Gore excelled during his second season with Chicago, leading the league with a .360 [[batting average (baseball)|batting average]], as well as a .399 [[on-base percentage]], and .463 [[slugging percentage]].<ref name=retrosheet/> Additionally, he finished in the top five among league leaders in [[run (baseball)|runs]] scored, [[hit (baseball)|hits]], [[double (baseball)|doubles]], [[run batted in|runs batted in]] (RBIs), [[base on balls|bases on balls]] and [[single (baseball)|singles]].<ref name=reference/>

In 1881 and 1882, Gore continued his hitting success, as he finished in the top 10 in multiple offensive categories.<ref name=reference/> He led the league in runs scored both seasons, and walks in 1882.<ref name=retrosheet/> On June 25, 1881, he became the first known player to record at least seven [[stolen base]]s in one game when the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' noted that Gore stole second base five times and third base three times. It considered the all-time record even though at the time stolen bases were not recorded as an official statistic. This feat has only been equaled by [[Billy Hamilton (baseball, born 1866)|Billy Hamilton]], who also stole seven bases on August 31, 1894.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

The White Stockings failed to finish the 1883 season in first place, after having captured league titles the previous three years.<ref name="cubsfranchise">{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/C/FR_CHN.htm|title=Chicago Cubs (1871–2008)|work=retrosheet.org|publisher=Retrosheet, Inc|access-date=2009-10-29}}</ref> Gore's production did not decline despite his team's sinking performance as he was again among the top players in several offensive categories over the next two seasons, including a league-leading 61 walks in 1884.<ref name=reference/>

In 1885 and 1886 the White Stockings returned to the top of the NL.<ref name=cubsfranchise/> Gore's offensive production continued at a high level, again among league leaders in several categories.<ref name=reference/>  On July 9, 1885, in a game against the [[Providence Grays]] and their [[pitcher]] [[Charles Radbourn]], he gathered five [[extra-base hit]]s, three doubles and two [[triple (baseball)|triples]]. He is the first player to accomplish this feat, which has since been equalled many times, but never surpassed. After the 1885 season, Chicago played the [[St. Louis Cardinals|St. Louis Browns]], the [[American Association (19th century)|American Association]] (AA) champion, in a best-of-seven series of exhibition games known as the "World Series." The series ended with Chicago and St. Louis each winning three games, and one game ending in a tie.<ref name="1885ws">{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/1885_WS.shtml|title=1885 World Series|work=Baseball-Reference.com|access-date=2009-10-29}}</ref> After the tie game, Gore was suspended for drunkenness and indifference, and was replaced for the rest of the series by [[Billy Sunday]]. Sunday later converted to [[Christianity]] and became a well-known [[Evangelism|evangelist]].<ref name=1885ws/><ref name="cash238">Cash, p. 238</ref> In 1886, Gore established career highs in bases on balls with 102 (the first player to reach 100 walks in a season), which also led the NL, and runs scored with 150, while the White Stockings again finished in first place.<ref name=reference/><ref name=cubsfranchise/> Following the season, the White Stockings again played the St. Louis Browns in another exhibition "World Series." St. Louis won the series, four games to two.<ref name="1886ws">{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/1886_WS.shtml|title=1886 World Series|work=Baseball-Reference.com|access-date=2009-10-29}}</ref>

====Aftermath of the 1886 World Series====
In the aftermath of the St. Louis series, there were not only charges of drunkenness among many of the players, but also allegations that players intentionally lost games for money, known then as "[[match fixing|hippodroming]]".<ref name="stout21">Stout, p. 21</ref> [[King Kelly]] had the reputation as being the hardest drinker, as well as the having the most active social life, which management tolerated due to his stellar play. However, that meant instilling discipline in the other players, who used Kelly as an example, was extremely difficult.<ref name="stout21"/> On November 24, 1886, Gore was the first to go, when he was sold to the New York Giants for approximately $3,500.<ref name=retrosheet/><ref name="stout21"/> Writer [[Henry Chadwick (writer)|Henry Chadwick]] said Gore "cannot play in harmony with Captain and Manager [[Cap Anson|Anson]], and Mr. [[Albert Spalding|Spalding]] has wisely released a discontented player whose skill as a fielder, batter, and base runner was offset by his unpleasant relations with the team captain."<ref name=waterfront/>

Weeks after Gore's contract was sold to the New York Giants, Chicago writer Harry Palmer wrote that whenever Gore "failed to play ball for all he was worth, Anson has reprimanded him." Socially, Palmer added, Anson says "Gore is all right. As an instance of their friendly relations, Anson says Gore applied to him for work this Winter, and the big Chicago captain promised him employment on the toboggan slides at the White Stocking Park whenever he wanted it."{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} In 1888, after seeing him in street clothes during a home game, the ''[[New York Star (1800s newspaper)|New York Star]]'' called him "'Budweiser' Gore."

In his 1900 book ''A Ball Player's Career'', Anson said Gore was a good player. Also, "Women and wine brought about his downfall, however, and the last time that I saw him in New York he was broken down, both in heart and pocket, and willing to work at anything that would yield him the bare necessities of life."{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

===New York===
[[File:George Gore baseball card.jpg|thumb|1888 George Gore baseball card]]
Gore joined a [[San Francisco Giants|New York Giants]] team that had a roster that contained no less than six future [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Baseball Hall of Famers]]: [[John Montgomery Ward]], [[Roger Connor]], [[Buck Ewing]], [[Tim Keefe]], [[Mickey Welch]], and [[Jim O'Rourke (baseball)|Jim O'Rourke]].<ref name="1887nyroster">{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1887/UPNY101887.htm|title=The 1887 New York Giants Regular Season Roster|work=retrosheet.org|publisher=Retrosheet, Inc|access-date=2009-11-15}}</ref> Gore took his usual position in [[center fielder|center field]], replacing O'Rourke, who was the starter the previous season.<ref name=1887nyroster/><ref name="1886nyroster">{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1886/UPNY101886.htm|title=The 1886 New York Giants Regular Season Roster|work=retrosheet.org|publisher=Retrosheet, Inc|access-date=2009-11-15}}</ref> Gore played well that first season in New York, batting .290 and scoring 95 runs, but the team finished in fourth place in the National League.<ref name=retrosheet/><ref name="1887standings">{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1887/Y_1887.htm|title=1887 Season|work=retrosheet.org|publisher=Retrosheet, Inc|access-date=2009-11-15}}</ref>

For the 1888 season, Gore played in just 64 of the team's 138 games.<ref name="1888nyroster">{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1888/UPNY101888.htm|title=The 1888 New York Giants Regular Season Roster|work=retrosheet.org|publisher=Retrosheet, Inc|access-date=2009-11-15}}</ref> O'Rourke had reclaimed a starting position, this time in [[left fielder|left field]], while Gore split his playing time between center and left field.<ref name=1888nyroster/> Gore's popularity waned early into the season, so much so that on May 3, New York fans screamed at on-field captain Ewing to play [[Mike Slattery (baseball)|Mike Slattery]] instead. Gore had already taken his position in left field, but Ewing made the change to Slattery before the game started. New York finished the season as the National League champions, and met the St. Louis Browns in the World Series.<ref name="1888standings">{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1887/Y_1887.htm|title=1888 Season|work=retrosheet.org|publisher=Retrosheet, Inc|access-date=2009-11-15}}</ref><ref name="1888ws">{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/1888_WS.shtml|title=1888 World Series|work=baseball-reference.com|access-date=2009-11-15}}</ref> Gore appeared in three of the eleven games that were played during this post-season exhibition. New York was declared the victor, winning six games, and Gore contributed five hits in eleven at-bats for a .455 batting average during the series.<ref name=1888ws/>

Gore regained his starting position in center field for the 1889 season, and his play improved over his 1888 performance. He batted .305, scored 132 runs, and hit seven [[home run]]s in 120 games played, although he did commit 41 [[error (baseball)|errors]] in center field, which led the league.<ref name=retrosheet/> The Giants again finished the season as the champions of the NL, and met the [[Los Angeles Dodgers|Brooklyn Bridegrooms]] in the 1889 World Series after the season.<ref name="1888standings"/><ref name="1889ws">{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/1889_WS.shtml|title=1889 World Series|work=baseball-reference.com|access-date=2009-11-15}}</ref> New York was again declared the victor after winning six of the nine games exhibition games played. Gore played in five of these games, collecting seven hits in 21 at-bats for a .333 batting average.<ref name=1889ws/>

====Players' League====
After the 1889 season, Gore's teammate, John Montgomery Ward, had organized a new league, the [[Players' League]], and many players were a part of his new [[Labor union|union]] of baseball players called "The Brotherhood". The Players' League began play for the 1890 season, and Gore joined many of his fellow Giants as they joined the new league to play for the [[New York Giants (PL)|New York Giants]].<ref name="1890nyroster">{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1890/UPNYP01890.htm|title=The 1890 New York Giants (P) Regular Season Roster|work=retrosheet.org|publisher=Retrosheet, Inc|access-date=2009-11-15}}</ref><ref name="1890standings">{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1890/Y_1890.htm|title=1890 Season|work=retrosheet.org|publisher=Retrosheet, Inc|access-date=2009-11-16}}</ref> Again, Gore split his playing time between left and center field with both Slattery and O'Rourke, but did finish the season appearing in 93 of the team's 132 games, and batted .318 with 132 runs.<ref name=retrosheet/>

====Return to the Giants====
Following the 1890 season, the Players' League folded and all the players were allowed to return to their previous teams. Gore returned the Giants along with all of his teammates. In 1891, the Giants did not return to their previous championship status. They finished third among the league's eight teams, with Gore as their starting center fielder, while O'Rourke had moved to left due to the departure of Slattery.<ref name="1891standings">{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1891/Y_1891.htm|title=1891 Season|work=retrosheet.org|publisher=Retrosheet, Inc|access-date=2009-11-16}}</ref><ref name="1891nyroster">{{cite web|url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1891/UPNY101891.htm|title=The 1891 New York Giants Regular Season Roster|work=retrosheet.org|publisher=Retrosheet, Inc|access-date=2009-11-16}}</ref> Gore batted .284 and scored 103 runs in 130 games played.<ref name=retrosheet/>

===St. Louis===
Gore began the 1892 season as the starting center fielder of the Giants, but through an unknown transaction, had moved on to the position of [[player-manager]] for the St. Louis Browns of the NL.<ref name=retrosheet/> He began his tenure on August 1, and it ended on August 18, during which time his Browns had a win–loss record of 6–9 in the games he managed.<ref name=retrosheet/> In the 20 games that he played in, his batting average was .205. He soon departed the team, and he never played major league baseball again.<ref name=retrosheet/>

===Career statistics===
In 1310 games over 14 seasons, Gore posted a .301 [[batting average (baseball)|batting average]] (1612-for-5357) with 1327 [[run (baseball)|runs]], 262 [[double (baseball)|doubles]], 94 [[triple (baseball)|triples]], 46 [[home runs]], 618 [[Run batted in|RBI]], 170 [[stolen bases]], 717 [[bases on balls]], .386 [[on-base percentage]] and .411 [[slugging percentage]].<ref name="reference" />

==Post-career==

===Personal life===
In 1894, a judge granted a divorce to his wife. Married since 1882, she had accused him of living in 1891 and into 1892 with a Florence "Florilla" Sinclaire "as his wife, and that they [Gore and Sinclaire] lived as man and wife in One Hundred and Twenty-ninth street" in New York City. Gore denied his wife's charge of having had intimate relations with Sinclaire.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

===Death===
In 1933, months before his death at age 79, Gore told a reporter, "I haven't seen a sick day in seventy-five years, and I feel as good today as I did thirty years ago. I can't get around like I used to, but I still am able to walk three or four miles daily. That keeps me in good shape.  I eat three hearty meals a day and my favorite diversion now is playing [[pinochle|pinocle]]. I play it every night. It's great sport for us old-timers." Gore died in [[Utica, New York]] at the age of 79, after having lived in [[Nutley, New Jersey]] the previous 13 years.<ref name=retrosheet/><ref name="goreobit">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedeadballera.com/Obits/Obits_G/Gore.George.Obit.html|title=The Obit For George Gore|date=1933-09-17|via=thedeadballera.com|work=The New York Times|access-date=2009-11-16}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|Baseball}}
*[[List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders]]
*[[List of Major League Baseball batting champions]]
*[[List of Major League Baseball annual runs scored leaders]]
*[[List of Major League Baseball single-game hits leaders]]
*[[List of Major League Baseball stolen base records]]
*[[List of Major League Baseball player-managers]]

==References==
;General
* Cash, Jon David. (2002). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=RmNaSCVgRdcC&q=%22George+Gore%22+baseball Before They Were Cardinals: Major League Baseball in Nineteenth-Century St. Louis]''. University of Missouri Press. {{ISBN|0-8262-1401-0}}.
* Rosenberg, Howard W. (2006). ''[http://www.capanson.com/cap_anson_books.html Cap Anson 4: Bigger Than Babe Ruth: Captain Anson of Chicago] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827025911/http://capanson.com/cap_anson_books.html |date=2018-08-27 }}''. Arlington, Virginia: Tile Books. {{ISBN|0-9725574-3-1}}.
* Stout, Glenn; Johnson, Richard A. (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=KLBV3O8uaQQC&q=%22George+Gore%22+baseball The Cubs: The Complete Story of Chicago Cubs Baseball]. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. {{ISBN|0-618-59500-7}}.
;Specific
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{baseballstats|br=g/gorege01|brm=gore--001geo}}
{{baseball-reference manager|gorege01}}

{{1880 Chicago White Stockings}}
{{1881 Chicago White Stockings}}
{{1882 Chicago White Stockings}}
{{1885 Chicago White Stockings}}
{{1886 Chicago White Stockings}}
{{1888 New York Giants}}
{{1889 New York Giants}}
{{NL batting title}}
{{St. Louis Cardinals managers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gore, George}}
[[Category:1854 births]]
[[Category:1933 deaths]]
[[Category:Major League Baseball center fielders]]
[[Category:Major League Baseball player-managers]]
[[Category:19th-century baseball players]]
[[Category:Chicago White Stockings players]]
[[Category:New York Giants (NL) players]]
[[Category:New York Giants (PL) players]]
[[Category:St. Louis Browns (NL) players]]
[[Category:St. Louis Browns (NL) managers]]
[[Category:National League batting champions]]
[[Category:Fall River Casscade players]]
[[Category:New Bedford (minor league baseball) players]]
[[Category:New Haven (minor league baseball) players]]
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[[Category:Binghamton Bingoes players]]
[[Category:Allentown Buffaloes players]]
[[Category:Baseball players from Cumberland County, Maine]]
[[Category:Baseball coaches from Maine]]
[[Category:People from Westbrook, Maine]]
[[Category:Somerville West Ends players]]
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