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{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Japanese manga artist (born 1945)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Go Nagai
| image              = Go Nagai 20080704 Japan Expo 05 (cropped).jpg
| caption            = Go Nagai at [[Japan Expo]] in 2008
| native_name        = 永井豪
| native_name_lang   = ja
| birth_name         = {{Nihongo|Kiyoshi Nagai|永井潔|Nagai Kiyoshi}}
| birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|1945|09|06}}
| birth_place        = [[Wajima, Ishikawa]], [[Occupation of Japan|Japan]]
| death_date         = 
| death_place        = 
| death_cause        = 
| nationality        = Japanese
| occupation         = [[mangaka|Manga artist]]
| known_for          = {{Plainlist|
* ''[[Cutie Honey]]''
* ''[[Devilman]]''
* ''[[Violence Jack]]''
* ''[[Harenchi Gakuen]]''
* ''[[Mazinger Z]]''
* ''[[Grendizer]]''
* ''[[Steel Jeeg]]''
* ''[[Getter Robo]]''
* ''[[Demon Lord Dante]]''
* ''[[Dororon Enma-kun]]''
}}
| relatives          = [[Yasutaka Nagai]] (brother)
| awards             = 4th [[Kodansha Manga Award]]<br>[[Shōnen]]: ''[[Susano Oh]]''<br>25th [[Japan Movie Critics Awards]]: Diamond Grand Prize<br>47th [[Japan Cartoonists Association Award]]<br>Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Award: All of his works
| website            = [http://mazin-go.com/ Dynamic Pro Official Site]<br/>
[http://go-wonderland.jp/ Go Nagai official site]
|module ={{Infobox Chinese | child= yes
|kanji             = 永井 豪
|romaji            = Nagai Gō
|hiragana          = ながい ごう
|katakana          = ナガイ ゴウ
}}
}}
[[File:Go Nagai Tokyo 1987.jpg|thumb|Go Nagai in his studio, Tokyo, 1987; photo by Sally Larsen]]

{{nihongo|'''Kiyoshi Nagai'''|永井潔|Nagai Kiyoshi|born September 6, 1945}}, better known by the pen name {{nihongo|'''Go Nagai'''|永井 豪|Nagai Gō}}, is a Japanese [[manga artist]] and a prolific author of [[Japanese science fiction|science fiction]], fantasy, [[Japanese horror|horror]] and erotica.<ref name="Comic Creator: Go Nagai">{{cite web |title=Comic Creator: Gô Nagai|author=Lambiek Comiclopedia|publisher=[[Lambiek]] |url=http://lambiek.net/artists/n/nagai_go.htm|access-date=March 13, 2008}}</ref> He made his professional debut in 1967 with ''Meakashi Polikichi'', but is best known for creating popular 1970s [[manga]] and [[anime]] series such as ''[[Cutie Honey]]'', ''[[Devilman]]'' and ''[[Mazinger Z]]''. He is credited with creating the [[Mecha anime and manga|super robot]] genre and for designing the first [[mecha]] robots piloted by a user from within a cockpit with ''Mazinger Z'',<ref name=Gilson>Mark Gilson, "A Brief History of Japanese Robophilia", ''Leonardo'' 31 (5), pp. 367–369 [368].</ref> and for helping pioneer the [[magical girl]] genre with ''Cutie Honey'', the [[post-apocalyptic]] manga/anime genre with ''[[Violence Jack]]'',<ref name="lospaziobianco"/> and the [[ecchi]] genre with ''[[Harenchi Gakuen]]''. In 2005, he became a Character Design professor at the [[Osaka University of Arts]]. He has been a member of the [[Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize]]'s nominating committee since 2009.

==Life==
===Early life===
Go Nagai was born on September 6, 1945<ref name="patten-dob">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u3K0z7s0Z7cC&pg=PA194|title=Watching Anime, Reading Manga |chapter=Hypersexual Psychoviolence! The Dynamic World of Go Nagai|last=Patten|first=Fred|year=2004|page=194|publisher=Stone Bridge Press|isbn=978-1-880656-92-1}}</ref>—in the [[Ishikawa Prefecture]] city of [[Wajima, Ishikawa|Wajima]].<ref name="L'autore Go Nagai">{{cite web|title=L'autore Go Nagai |language=it |publisher=[[D/visual]] |url=http://www.d-world.jp/goldrake/autore.html |access-date=March 29, 2008 |date=March 3, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420231838/http://www.d-world.jp/goldrake/autore.html |archive-date=April 20, 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> He is the son of Yoshio and Fujiko Nagai (永井芳雄・冨士子),<ref name="Go Nagai's History">{{cite web|title=GO HISTORY|language=ja|publisher=The World of Go Nagai|url=http://www.mazingerz.com/MrGO/MrGO.html|access-date=May 15, 2008}}</ref> and the fourth of five brothers.<ref name="Happy Wedding Go & Sumiko">{{cite web|title=Happywedding Go & Sumiko|language=ja|publisher=The World of Go Nagai|url=http://www.mazingerz.com/DYNAMIC/WEDDING.html|access-date=March 29, 2008}}</ref>  His family had just returned from [[Shanghai]]. While he was still in his early childhood, he along with his mother and his four brothers moved to [[Tokyo]] after the death of his father.<ref name="L'autore Go Nagai"/> As a child, he was influenced by the work of [[Gustave Doré]] (specifically, a Japanese edition of the ''[[Divine Comedy]]'') and [[Osamu Tezuka]] (Nagai's brother [[Yasutaka Nagai|Yasutaka]] gave him a copy of ''[[Lost World (manga)|Lost World]]'').<ref name="Go Nagai - Il potere e la gloria">{{cite web|url=http://www.ilpotereelagloria.com/biografie/Go-Nagai |title=Go Nagai - Il potere e la gloria |language=it |publisher=Il potere e la gloria |access-date=March 29, 2008 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080606023954/http://www.ilpotereelagloria.com/biografie/Go-Nagai |archive-date=June 6, 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref><ref name="La parola al papá di Goldrake - Colloquio con Go Nagai">{{cite web|title=La parola al papá di Goldrake - Colloquio con Go Nagai|language=it|publisher=[[La Repubblica]] - [[Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso]]|url=http://xl.repubblica.it/dettagliospeciale/45961|access-date=March 29, 2008|author=Rafaelli, Luca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610013906/http://xl.repubblica.it/dettagliospeciale/45961|archive-date=June 10, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Manga Kakumei 40 Nen Nagai Go Tokushu - Gag, serious, SF, Fantasy Nadode Fan Miryo">{{cite web|title=Manga Kakumei 40 Nen Nagai Go Tokushu|work=Gag, serious, SF, Fantasy Nadode Fan Miryo|language=ja|publisher=Nikkan Sports News|url=http://www.nikkansports.com/special/nagai/2007/top-nagai.html|access-date=April 2, 2008}}</ref>

He graduated from the Metropolitan [[Itabashi, Tokyo|Itabashi]] [[Secondary education in Japan|High School]] of Tokyo.<ref name="Happy Wedding Go & Sumiko"/> While passing his [[Higher education in Japan|ronin year]] in a prep school in order to earn placement at [[Waseda University]], he suffered a severe case of [[diarrhea]] for three weeks. Aware of his own mortality, he wanted to leave some evidence that he had lived, by doing something that he liked as a child: working on manga. He was determined to create one work of manga in what he thought were his last months.<ref name="7 & Y - Nagai Go Debut 40 Shunen Kinen Kikaku Nagai Go Senshu">{{cite web|title=7 & Y - Nagai Go Debut 40 Shunen Kinen Kikaku Nagai Go Senshu |language=ja |publisher=Seven and Y Corp |url=http://www.7andy.jp/esb/docs/special/200711_bible/index2.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130112132848/http://www.7andy.jp/esb/docs/special/200711_bible/index2.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 12, 2013 |access-date=March 29, 2008 }}</ref><!--This dead link can not be replaced using Wayback Internet Archive--> As Nagai prepared for the task, he went to the hospital, where he was diagnosed with [[Colitis|catarrh of the colon]], and soon healed. But this was the turning point in his life.<ref name="7 & Y - Nagai Go Debut 40 Shunen Kinen Kikaku Nagai Go Senshu"/>  Convinced that he would continue working on manga, he stopped attending school after three months and started living as a [[Rōnin (student)|ronin]].<ref name="7 & Y - Nagai Go Debut 40 Shunen Kinen Kikaku Nagai Go Senshu"/>

With the help of his brother Yasutaka, he created his first manga works.<ref name="Go Nagai - Il potere e la gloria"/><ref name="Il grande Go Nagai">{{cite web|title=Il grande Go Nagai |language=it |publisher=Divertimento.it - NEXTA Media Srl |url=http://www.divertimento.it/articoli/2002/03/11/275833.php?ppid=275850 |access-date=March 29, 2008 |date=March 11, 2002 |author=Scalambra, Giovanni |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605231511/http://www.divertimento.it/articoli/2002/03/11/275833.php?ppid=275850 |archive-date=June 5, 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Despite the fact that his mother opposed his manga aspirations, he submitted his works for publication, accumulating many rejections.<ref name="7 & Y - Nagai Go Debut 40 Shunen Kinen Kikaku Nagai Go Senshu"/> It is said that when the young Nagai submitted his tables to publishers, his mother secretly convinced publishers to reject them.<ref name="L'autore Go Nagai"/><ref name="La Sirena a strisce. Il Comicon, festival internazionale del fumetto e dell'animazione">{{cite web|title=La Sirena a strisce. Il Comicon, festival internazionale del fumetto e dell'animazione|language=it|publisher=Whipart Onlus|url=http://lnx.whipart.it/artivisive/3328/comicon-festival-fumetto-animazione-napoli.html|access-date=March 29, 2008|date=May 26, 2007|author=Crispino, Susanna}}</ref><ref name="Go Nagai...intervista integrale.">{{cite web|title=Go Nagai...intervista integrale.|language=it|publisher=CartoonMag|url=http://cartoonmag.altervista.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=275&Itemid=102|access-date=March 29, 2008|date=May 22, 2007|author=Di Pino, Angelo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211093545/http://cartoonmag.altervista.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=275&Itemid=102|archive-date=February 11, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>  However, his work was noticed by ''[[Weekly Shōnen Sunday]]'', which contacted [[Shotaro Ishinomori]].<ref name="Il grande Go Nagai"/> Thanks to some trial manga he created with the help of Yasutaka, Nagai was finally accepted into the studio of Ishinomori in 1965.<ref name="Go Nagai - Il potere e la gloria"/>

The trial manga was about a [[science fiction]] [[ninja]],<ref name="Manga Kakumei 40 Nen Nagai Go Tokushu - Gag, serious, SF, Fantasy Nadode Fan Miryo"/> and was a prototype for a different story, ''Kuro no Shishi''. Nagai was 19 years old when he made this work; it started at 15 or 16 pages and ended up being 88 pages long after a year, and was untitled at that time.<ref name="Manga Kakumei 40 Nen Nagai Go Tokushu - Gag, serious, SF, Fantasy Nadode Fan Miryo"/> Ishinomori saw this work and praised Nagai for it, but commented that the design was too chunky and he should improve it a little. Two or three days later, Nagai was invited to become an assistant to Ishinomori and this work was forgotten until 2007, when it was published in the magazine ''Comic Ran Twins Sengoku Busho Retsuden'' (コミック乱 TWINS 戦国武将列伝) by [[LEED Publishing Co., Ltd.|LEED]] under the name ''Satsujinsha'' (殺刃者(さつじんしゃ)).<ref name="Hikken - Mazinger Z, Devilman, Cutie Honey Nado Kyosho - Nagai Go, 40 nen Bun no Sakuhingunga Ichido Ni, page 4">{{cite web|title=Hikken - Mazinger Z, Devilman, Cutie Honey Nado Kyosho - Nagai Go, 40 nen Bun no Sakuhingunga Ichido Ni|language=ja|publisher=Trendy.net - [[Nikkei Business Publications]]|url=http://trendy.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/pickup/20071226/1005726/?ST=ent&P=4|access-date=April 2, 2008|date=December 26, 2007}}</ref> His professional career began in 1967, despite the opposition of his mother.<ref name="La Sirena a strisce. Il Comicon, festival internazionale del fumetto e dell'animazione"/>

===First works===
{{Anime and manga}}
After working as assistant of Shotaro Ishinomori, his very first professional manga work was ''Meakashi Polikichi'' (目明しポリ吉 also 目明かしポリ吉),<ref name="Go Nagai's History"/><ref name="L'autore Go Nagai"/> a very short gag comedy [[One-shot (comics)|one-shot]], published in November 1967 in the magazine ''Bokura'' by [[Kodansha]].<ref name="Kodansha's Bokura">{{cite web|title=Kodansha magazine|language=ja|publisher=The World of Go Nagai|url=http://www.mazingerz.com/magazine/kodanshaBOKU.html|access-date=January 25, 2008}}</ref> Almost at the same time, this was followed by the manga adaptation of Tomio Sagisu's TV anime ''[[Chibikko Kaiju Yadamon]]'' (ちびっこ怪獣ヤダモン, "Little Monster Yadamon"), also published in 1967 in the same magazine.<ref name="Yadamon">{{cite web|title=Yadamon|url=http://www.mazingerz.com/GAG/YADAMON.html|language=ja|publisher=The World of Go Nagai|access-date=January 25, 2008}}</ref> A common misconception is that ''Kuro no Shishi'' ("Black Lion") was his first manga work; while not entirely false, what Nagai really made two years earlier than ''Meakashi Polikichi'', was only a draft for what would later be ''Kuro no Shishi'', which would not be actually published until 1978.

His first works consisted entirely of short gag comedy manga. This would change with ''[[Harenchi Gakuen]]''.

===First success and controversies===
In less than a year after debuting, he met with a big success. After being an unknown manga artist, he became a protagonist of televised debates and journalistic investigations.<ref name="Il mondo di Go Nagai">{{cite web|title=SERIE TV - L'autore|work=Il mondo di Go Nagai|language=it|publisher=Dynamic Italia Srl.|url=http://www.goldrake.info/serietv/nagai-go.html|access-date=April 11, 2008|year=1996|author=Colpi, Federico}}</ref>

In 1968, while [[Shueisha]] was getting prepared to launch its first manga publication, ''[[Weekly Shōnen Jump|Shōnen Jump]]'', in order to compete with other magazines from rival companies (like ''[[Shōnen Magazine]]'' from [[Kodansha]] and ''[[Shōnen Sunday]]'' from [[Shogakukan]]), Nagai was invited to be one of the first manga artists publishing in the new magazine. He contemplated this, since he had to design a long-running series instead of the auto-conclusive short stories that he had been developing until that point.<ref name="L'autore Go Nagai"/> He accepted and the series became a big success, being the first for Nagai<ref name="Harenchi Gakuen - resena">{{cite web|url=http://www.misiontokyo.com/index.php?ind=reviews&op=entry_view&iden=162|title=Harenchi Gakuen|access-date=April 12, 2008|publisher=Mision Tokyo|language=es}}</ref> and making ''Shōnen Jump'' sell more than one million copies.<ref name="L'autore Go Nagai"/> With ''[[Harenchi Gakuen]]'', Nagai was the first to introduce eroticism in modern manga and became the creator of modern erotic manga,<ref name="Comic Creator: Go Nagai"/><ref name="Harenchi Gakuen - resena"/><ref name="40-year veteran of ecchi manga Go Nagai says brains more fun than boobs">{{cite web|url=http://mdn.mainichi.jp/culture/waiwai/archive/news/2007/03/20070330p2g00m0dm024000c.html |title=40-year veteran of ecchi manga Go Nagai says brains more fun than boobs |access-date=April 12, 2008 |author=Connel, Ryan |date=March 30, 2007 |publisher=Mainichi Newspapers Co. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417054609/http://mdn.mainichi.jp/culture/waiwai/archive/news/2007/03/20070330p2g00m0dm024000c.html |archive-date=April 17, 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref><ref name="Tezuka Osamu @ World - Manga works: The Song for Apollo">{{cite web|url=http://en.tezuka.co.jp/manga/sakuhin/m074/m074_01.html |title=Tezuka Osamu @ World - Manga works |access-date=September 21, 2008 |date=March 30, 2007 |work=The Song for Apollo |publisher=Tezuka Productions |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323165158/http://en.tezuka.co.jp/manga/sakuhin/m074/m074_01.html |archive-date=March 23, 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref><ref name="Harenchi Gakuen : Il manga">{{cite web|url=http://gonagainet.blogspot.com/2007/08/harenchi-gakuen-il-manga.html|title=Harenchi Gakuen : Il manga|access-date=September 21, 2008|date=August 24, 2007|publisher=Gonagainet}}</ref> opened the door to a new era in manga<ref name="Tezuka Osamu @ World - Manga works: The Song for Apollo"/> and also became the symbol of an entire generation.<ref name="L'autore Go Nagai"/> This work has influenced Japanese society radically, completely changing the common perceptions of manga.<ref name="Nagai Go (Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of Japan)">{{cite web|url=http://www.sfwj.or.jp/member/NAGAI-GO.e.html|title=Nagai Go (Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of Japan)|access-date=April 15, 2008|publisher= Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of Japan}}</ref>

Until ''Harenchi Gakuen'', Japanese manga had been relatively tame affairs, but things soon changed.<ref name="40-year veteran of ecchi manga Go Nagai says brains more fun than boobs"/> The manga became so popular that several live-action films and TV series based on the manga were developed. ''Harenchi Gakuen'' is considered as probably the work that has had the most influence in the world of manga at the end of the 1960s, leading the newly born ''Shōnen Jump'' magazine to sell millions of copies per week.<ref name="HARENCHI GAKUEN / SCUOLA SENZA PUDORE">{{cite web|url=http://www.d-world.jp/dv/gonagai.php?action=harenchi|title=HARENCHI GAKUEN / SCUOLA SENZA PUDORE|access-date=April 12, 2008|publisher=[[d/visual]]|language=it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080606030700/http://www.d-world.jp/dv/gonagai.php?action=harenchi|archive-date=June 6, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A scandalous manga in its time, it is a very innocent series by today's standards.<ref name="HARENCHI GAKUEN / SCUOLA SENZA PUDORE"/> At the time of its original publication, however, it met with severe criticism by some parts of the Japanese society. ''Harenchi Gakuen'' was criticized as vulgar because it introduced overt eroticism to children. Male students and teachers were depicted as being preoccupied with catching glimpses of girls' panties or naked bodies. Many parents, women's associations, and [[Parent-Teacher Association|PTAs]] protested.<ref name="A History of ''Manga'' in the Context of Japanese Culture and Society">{{cite journal |title=A History of ''Manga'' in the Context of Japanese Culture and Society |author=Ito, Kinko |author-link=Kinko Ito|date=February 2005|journal=[[The Journal of Popular Culture]]|volume=38|issue=3|page=456|doi=10.1111/j.0022-3840.2005.00123.x}}</ref>

In particular, the PTA protests over ''Harenchi Gakuen'' were notorious. Nagai was bombarded with interview requests from newspapers, magazines and TV. Whenever he flew outside of Tokyo, TV cameras were waiting for him. He was branded a "nuisance" and even an "enemy of society". He, however, had a clear sense of what things he could or could not do with the manga.<ref name="Go Monkey">{{cite web|url=http://altjapan.typepad.com/my_weblog/2007/06/enemies_of_soci.html|title=Go Monkey - a short excerpt of the Monkey Punch interview by Go Nagai|access-date=April 12, 2008|author=Alt, Matt|author-link=Matt Alt|date=June 16, 2007}}</ref>

At first, Nagai did not think that the opposition was against him, since he was aware of the standards that applied with movies and similar things for an audience below 18 years old. At that time, he never drew sex scenes, avoided pictures of genitals and made nudes cute rather than sexy,<ref name="40-year veteran of ecchi manga Go Nagai says brains more fun than boobs"/> though the manga regularly showed male genitals throughout its run, including a castration scene. His fans supported him throughout the PTA protests. They sent him letters where they expressed how they were aware that the adults cracking down on them were reading raunchier stuff than what Nagai was producing.<ref name="40-year veteran of ecchi manga Go Nagai says brains more fun than boobs"/>

The protests were not only against the manga, but also against the TV series. The PTA managed to prevent the distribution of the magazine in some parts of Japan.<ref name="Il mondo di Go Nagai"/> As a result of the protests, when the series was about to be cancelled because of the PTA, Nagai changed the theme in ''Harenchi Gakuen'' into a more mature and serious matter, from nonsense gags with sexy touches, to a full-scale war where murder was depicted in the bloody way for which many know him. This led to the famous ending of ''Harenchi Gakuen'', symbol of freedom and of rejection of the hypocrisy, where all students and teachers, while defending their freedom of expression, are killed by the PTA and other parental forces. This was the ironic answer that Nagai gave to the PTA. (In the end, this was not the actual ending of ''Harenchi Gakuen'', as the title would subsequently return to publication for several years.)<ref name="Il mondo di Go Nagai"/>

It was also around that time that he created ''Gakuen Taikutsu Otoko'' (ガクエン退屈男), also known as ''Guerrilla High'', another school-themed manga, but this time war between youths and adults was the main theme. Shortly before that, in 1969, ''[[The Abashiri Family|Abashiri Ikka]]'' (あばしり一家) was created. Both titles are a direct result of the PTA protests, both being a form of parody of what happened. ''Abashiri Ikka'' became a big success, and along with ''Harenchi Gakuen'', the most popular series of Nagai's juvenile period.<ref name="ABASHIRI IKKA">{{cite web|url=http://www.d-world.jp/dv/gonagai.php?action=aba |title=Abashiri ikka |access-date=April 15, 2008 |publisher=[[d/visual]] |language=it |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517060941/http://www.d-world.jp/dv/gonagai.php?action=aba |archive-date=May 17, 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

===Dynamic Productions===
Thanks to the success of ''Harenchi Gakuen'', Dynamic Productions (ダイナミックプロダクション, also known as Dynamic Production or Dynamic Pro, ダイナミックプロ), was founded by Go Nagai with his brothers in April 1969.
<ref name="Dynamic Pro Company Overview">{{cite web|url=http://www.dynamicproduction.co.jp/d-pro_gaiyo.html|title=Dynamic Pro Company Overview|year=2007|access-date=May 15, 2008|publisher=Dynamic Production|language=ja}}</ref> Meant to be a group to help him with his works, as a consequence ''Harenchi Gakuen'', where he derived almost no royalties from the TV series, films, or related merchandise, Dynamic Productions became a company established to manage Nagai's relations and contractual rights of his work. Dynamic became one of the first companies to require publishers sign contracts (even today many manga are created and published only on the basis of verbal agreements).<ref name="L'autore Go Nagai"/> It would start as a [[yugen kaisha]] (limited company) and would change to a [[kabushiki kaisha]] (stock company) in 1970.<ref name="Go Nagai's History"/>

The same year of the foundation of Dynamic Pro, [[Ken Ishikawa (manga artist)|Ken Ishikawa]] joined the company. He would become Nagai's second assistant after Mitsuru Hiruta, who had been working with Nagai since the beginnings of ''Harenchi Gakuen''.<ref name="Go Nagai's History"/> He would become one of Nagai's regular partners and his best friend. Ken Ishikawa participated as assistant in ''Harenchi Gakuen'', ''Abashiri Ikka'' and ''Gakuen Taikutsu Otoko'', particularly in the last one. In parallel with those activities as assistant, he co-produces with Go Nagai what would be in fact his professional debut in manga, ''Gakuen Bangaichi'' (1969-09-08 ~ 1970-09-22), and also his second manga, ''Sasurai Gakuto'' (1970-01 ~ 1970-05). He temporarily quit Dynamic Productions in 1970. This prompted Nagai to end ''Gakuen Taikutsu Otoko'' and the story of this series would be left inconclusive.

===Change in genres===
{{BLP unsourced section|date=May 2020}}
Even with the changes in ''Harenchi Gakuen'' and other series, Nagai remained writing mostly gag comedies, varying only in the thematic. With the success of ''Harenchi Gakuen'' and ''Abashiri Ikka'', most editors expected this kind of story from Nagai. This would start to change in 1970, with the one-shot ''Oni -2889 Nen no Hanran-'', which tells a [[science fiction]] story set in the year 2889 about a war between the race of [[Oni (folklore)|Onis]] (who in this story are treated as a lower class) and the human beings. After this, in 1971 came the horror one-shot ''Susumu-chan Dai Shock'' about a violent collapse of the parent-child relationships. A series of horror one-shots would follow, in the series called ''Gensou Kyofu e Hanashi'' (幻想恐怖絵噺), which comprehends ''Africa no Chi'' (an original story of [[Yasutaka Tsutsui]]), ''Schalken Gahaku'' (based in the famous story ''Strange Event in the Life of Schalken the Painter'' by [[Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu]]) and ''Kuzureru''. A little before that, Nagai would be given the chance to write a full [[Serial (literature)|serial]] of an occult horror story called ''[[Demon Lord Dante]]'', which would in turn mark the beginning of his most famous horror work, ''Devilman''. Nagai stated in his autobiographical manga ''Gekiman!'' that his aspirations had always been to write more serious science fiction stories, and after the discontinuation of ''Demon Lord Dante'' saw ''Devilman'' as his chance to break out of the gag manga expectations publishers had of him.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nagai |first1=Go |title=Gekiman! |date=September 20, 2010 |publisher=Nihon Bungeisha |language=Japanese |chapter=Chapter One: Extreme Mangaka Geki Nagai}}</ref>

=== Style and works ===
{{further|Go Nagai bibliography}}
In his series ''[[Harenchi Gakuen]]'' (ハレンチ学園, ''Shameless School'', 1968&ndash;1972, ''[[Weekly Shōnen Jump]]'' magazine) Nagai used eroticism and extreme, graphic violence in kid's manga for the first time in Japan, thus breaking [[taboo]]s and becoming quite controversial.<ref name="Comic Creator: Go Nagai"/> His use of violence and gross humour was widely loathed in many corners of Japan's society and became a concern for many [[Parent-Teacher Association|PTAs]] at the time. The series temporary ended dramatically when all the characters died during a massacre. This type of content would be a trend in most of Nagai's later work and in those of other directors such as [[Yoshiyuki Tomino]]. A ''Harenchi Gakuen'' live-action TV series followed in the early 1970s, as well as several other live-action movies and an [[Original Video Animation|OVA]] version (''Heisei Harenchi Gakuen'', or "Modern-Day Shameless School") in the mid-1990s.

In 1970, Go Nagai started a company, [[Dynamic Productions]], to fund his [[manga]] and [[anime]] ventures. Dynamic Productions' first titles were ''[[Getter Robo]]'' and ''[[Abashiri Family|Abashiri Ikka]]'' (あばしり一家, ''Abashiri Family'').

After ''Harenchi Gakuen'' Nagai created the ''[[Mazinger Z]]'' (マジンガーZ) series, later expanded into ''[[Great Mazinger]]'', ''[[Grendizer]]'', and - many years later - ''[[Mazinkaiser]]'', where he developed the concept of giant [[mecha]]. Mazinger was the first manga where a giant robot was piloted by the hero, thus creating one of the biggest staples of the industry. ''Mazinger'' is considered the first successful "[[Super Robot]]" anime show, and has spawned numerous imitations.

Simultaneously to ''Mazinger'', he created one of his most popular manga, ''Debiruman'' (デビルマン, ''[[Devilman]]''), about a demonic hero fighting against hordes of demons. This manga was published simultaneously alongside an original TV anime under the same name, but due to the difference in age demographics became very different stories.<ref>{{cite web |title=Devilworld, The Online Source for Devilman Since 1999 |url=http://devilworld.org/revelations.html |access-date=9 December 2022 |date=20 June 2006 |archive-date=June 20, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620081843/http://devilworld.org/revelations.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The concepts were initially conceived for the TV series, which would be directed at elementary school age children, and were altered for the manga, which would be published in a [[shōnen]] magazine with teenage readers. This allowed Nagai to include violence, nudity, and darker themes closer to the content of ''[[Demon Lord Dante]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nagai |first1=Go |title=Gekiman! |date=September 20, 2010 |publisher=Nihon Bungeisha |language=Japanese |chapter=Chapter One: Extreme Mangaka Geki Nagai}}</ref>  Go Nagai considers the ''Devilman'' and ''Mazinger'' series to be his life's work due to their massive popularity all over the world. In 1972, Nagai managed the very difficult feat of both drawing and writing five weekly manga publications at the same time, an accomplishment only equalled by other manga artists [[Shinji Mizushima]] and [[George Akiyama]].<ref name="The Busiest Mangaka Ever: Go Nagai">{{cite web|author=Mandana Tsushin Blog|title=The Busiest Mangaka Ever: Go Nagai|publisher=ComiPress|url=http://comipress.com/article/2008/02/11/3257|access-date=March 6, 2008}}</ref>

A month later after finishing ''[[Devilman]]'', Nagai would create a sequel to it called ''[[Violence Jack]]'' (ヴァイオレンス ジャック), another long-running series that spanned multiple volumes and dealt with a giant brute of a man fighting for justice in a post-[[apocalypse|apocalyptic]] setting where Japan has been devastated by a massive earthquake and isolated from the rest of the world.

Years later Nagai revamped ''Devilman'' featuring versions of the protagonists as young adult women and altering the storyline, which eventually became another sequel story to the original. This series is called ''Devilman Lady'' (デビルマンレディー, ''[[Devil Lady]]'' in the [[United States|US]]). It was first released as a manga and later animated with some changes.

One of Nagai's most popular works outside of his fanbase has been ''[[Cutey Honey]]'', considered to be one of the first "[[magical girl]]" comics and a major influence on future series in the genre (in particular ''[[Sailor Moon]]''). Nagai had less success a few years later with ''[[Majokko Tickle]]'', a more traditional magical-girl series for younger children, although the accompanying anime was popular on TV in some [[Europe]]an countries.

In 1980, he received the 4th [[Kodansha Manga Award]] for [[shōnen]] for ''[[Susano OH (manga)|Susano OH]]''.<ref name="KodanshaHahn">{{cite web|url=http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/kodansha.shtml |author=Joel Hahn |title=Kodansha Manga Awards |work=Comic Book Awards Almanac |access-date=August 21, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816031310/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/kodansha.shtml |archive-date=August 16, 2007 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

Nagai has worked with Shotaro Ishinomori and [[Ken Ishikawa (manga artist)|Ken Ishikawa]]. He is currently being more prolific in manga production than ever. Much of Nagai's work has been adapted into [[anime]] and [[tokusatsu]]. Nagai has made cameo appearances in some live-action films, including ''[[The Toxic Avenger Part II]]'', the ''[[Cutie Honey (film)|Cutie Honey]]'' 2004 live action film, and in a special DVD-only episode of ''[[Cutie Honey: The Live]]'' as Dr. Koshiro Kisaragi.

==Assistants==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
* [[Ken Ishikawa (manga artist)|Ken Ishikawa]] (Kenichi Ishikawa, Rokuro Gen (Pen name for collaboration works))
* [[Gosaku Ota]]
* Shinobu Kaze
* [[Tatsuya Yasuda]] (Tatsuo Yasuda, Rokuro Gen)
* Seiji Tanaka
* Ryu Noguchi (Taiyo Noguchi)
* Shigeru Akimoto (Mitsushige Hayata, Rokuro Gen)... Affiliated to Shiranuhi Pro (Division of Dynamic Pro)
* [[Shuichi Ishiwata]] (Panchos Ishiwata)
* Masaru Irago (Ryo Irago, Hitomi Fuko)
* Iwasawa Tomo-daka
* [[Yū Okazaki]] (Yoshihiro Okada)
* Makoto Ono (Makoto Ono, Makoto Muramatsuri, Makoto Muramatsuri, Entotsu Ono, Makoto Muramatsuri, Makoto Ono)
* Onodera Katsuhiko 
* Oyamada Tsutomu
* Haku Rokurou
* Eiichi Satou (Eiichi Saito, Kon Oriharu)... Affiliated to Shiranuhi Pro
* Sakamoto TakeshiHisashi
* Sasaki Kazushi
{{col-2}}
* Shintaku Yoshimitsu
* Takayuki Sugiyama (Kitaro)
* Takashima Shigeru
* Junichi Takanashi
* Takanashi Teppei
* Kenichi Takigawa (Orichalcum)
* Masahito Tanaka
* Koichi Tamura
* Doronpa (Tadashi Makimura, Rokuro Gen)
* Ninomiya Hirohiko
* Nonaka Minoru
* Hamada Yoshimi (Rokuro Gen)
* Mitsuru Hiruta (Mitsuru Hiruta, Yukio Asai, Yukio Asai, Mitsuru Asahi)
* Star Kazuya
* Koichi Maruyama (Koichi Hagane)
* Mutsu Toshiyuki
* Yamato Kouichi
* [[Susumu Yoshikawa]] (Susumu Yoshikawa, Rokuro Gen)
<!--（所属時期・事実とも不明）
* [[高屋良樹]]-->
{{col-end}}

==Success abroad==
In Italy, France, and the Middle East, ''[[Grendizer]]'' was very popular when it aired.{{Cn|date=June 2023}} In Spain, a ''[[Mazinger Z]]'' statue has been erected in [[Tarragona]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Beatriz |date=2022-11-22 |title=Por qué hay una estatua de Mazinger Z en un pueblo de Tarragona |url=https://www.20minutos.es/viajes/destinos/por-que-hay-estatua-mazinger-z-pueblo-tarragona-cabra-de-camp-5078558/ |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=Viajes |language=es-ES}}</ref>

==Legacy==
{{example farm|section|date=January 2024}}
Nagai is credited with pioneering the [[super robot]] genre with ''Mazinger Z'' and the [[magical girl]] genre with ''Cutie Honey''.<ref name="lospaziobianco">{{cite web |last1=Gabrielli |first1=Ettore |title=40 anni di Devilman |url=https://www.lospaziobianco.it/speciali/40-anni-di-devilman/ |website=Lo Spazio Bianco |date=September 28, 2012 |access-date=May 24, 2020 |language=it-IT |quote=Eppure senza le sue opere una grossa fetta dell’immaginario popolare non sarebbe la stessa, dai robottoni (che si apprestano a invadere anche i cinema grazie a Guillermo del Toro e al suo Pacific Rim) alle maghette (i Mahō shōjo) delle quali Cutie Honey è antesignana; senza dimenticare le influenze, o quanto meno l’anticipazione di certe tematiche, come l’ambientazione post-olocausto di Violence Jack (1973), che precede di diversi anni film come Mad Max (1979) o fumetti come Ken il Guerriero (1983).}}</ref> ''Violence Jack'' also created the [[post-apocalyptic]] manga and anime genre. Its [[desert]] wasteland setting had [[biker gangs]], anarchic violence, ruined buildings, innocent civilians, tribal chiefs, and small abandoned villages. This was similar to, and may have influenced, the desert wasteland settings of later post-apocalyptic franchises such as the Australian film series ''[[Mad Max (franchise)|Mad Max]]'' (1979 debut) and the Japanese [[manga]] and [[anime]] series ''[[Fist of the North Star]]'' (''Hokuto no Ken'', 1983 debut).<ref>{{cite web |title=Avis sur la série Violence Jack (1986) |url=https://www.senscritique.com/serie/Violence_Jack/critique/6834212 |website=[[:fr:SensCritique|SensCritique]] |date=June 30, 2011 |access-date=May 22, 2020 |language=fr |quote=Violence Jack a certainement du influencer beaucoup d'œuvres (le manga papier étant tout de même de 1973), comme Mad Max ou encore Hokuto no Ken. Les motards, la violence, les décors détruits, le désert, les innocents, les ignobles chefs de "tribus", les petits villages abandonnés... tous les codes y sont.}}</ref><ref name="Gematsu">{{cite news |last1=Romano |first1=Sal |title=Interview: Travis Strikes Again: No More Heroes' Suda 51 at PAX East 2018 |url=https://www.gematsu.com/2018/04/interview-travis-strikes-again-no-more-heroes-suda-51-at-pax-east-2018 |access-date=May 22, 2020 |work=Gematsu |date=April 9, 2018}}</ref><ref name="lospaziobianco"/>

Anime director [[Hideaki Anno]] (''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion|Evangelion]]'') cited ''[[Devilman]]'' and ''[[Mazinger]]'' as a source of inspiration for ''Evangelion'' during a conversation between him and Go Nagai published in ''Devilman Tabulae Anatomicae''.<ref name="tabulae">{{Cite book|title=デビルマン解体新書|publisher=Kodansha|year=1999|isbn=978-4-06-330070-3|trans-title=Devilman Tabulae Anatomicae Kaitaishinsho}}</ref>

In an interview in the booklet that comes in the premium [[Blu-ray]] edition of ''[[Dororon Enma-kun Meeramera]]'', the animation director [[Takahiro Kimura]] claims to be a Go Nagai fan since he was a child and that ''[[Dororon Enma-kun]]'' was his favourite.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}

Manga artist [[Kentaro Miura]] (''[[Berserk (manga)|Berserk]]'') claims that he likes Go Nagai's dynamic style and that Nagai had a big influence on him, in an interview which was included as an extra in the fourth volume of the North American DVD release by [[Media Blasters]] in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DXlI1_9H0Ro|title=Berserk - Interview with Kentaro Miura: Part 3 (of 3)|date=October 7, 2008|via=YouTube}}</ref>

Movie director [[Yoshihiro Nishimura]] (''[[Tokyo Gore Police]]'') claimed that he's a fan of Go Nagai's works in an interview with ''Sancho Asia'' and said that he wants to re-adapt ''[[Devilman]]'' into a live action movie since he did not like the 2004 live action ''Devilman'' adaptation by [[Hiroyuki Nasu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sancho-asia.com/articles/yoshihiro-nishimura-yumiko-hara|title=Yoshihiro Nishimura & Yumiko Hara - Cinéma Asiatique, Cinémas d'Asie et d'ailleurs : Sancho does Asia|website=www.sancho-asia.com}}</ref> In another interview by [[Screen Anarchy]], he also said that he wanted to adapt ''[[Violence Jack]]'' into live action.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://screenanarchy.com/2008/10/yoshi-nishimura-interview.html|title=An Interview with TOKYO GORE POLICE Director Yoshihiro Nishimura|date=October 28, 2008|website=ScreenAnarchy}}</ref>
 
Scriptwriter [[Kazuki Nakashima]] is also familiar with his works. "In particular, I read everything by Go Nagai, from his debut works and then when I was in middle school his work ''Devilman'' really struck me. I felt like I was maturing along with the development of the writer himself."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://performingarts.jp/E/art_interview/0611/1.html|title=Artist Interview: Kazuki Nakashima (Gekidan Shinkansen) &#124; Performing Arts Network Japan|website=performingarts.jp}}</ref>

Japanese novelist, visual novel writer, and anime screenwriter [[Gen Urobuchi]] explained that ''Devilman'' made him realize that bittersweet endings are the best ones.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nekketsunikki.com/2013/05/31/report-urobuchi-gen-and-kosaka-takaki-at-the-french-con-epitanime-2013-19th-of-may/|title=[Report] Urobuchi Gen and Kosaka Takaki at the French con Epitanime 2013: 19th of May|date=May 31, 2013}}</ref>

According to an interview between an Italian gaming website, geekgamer.it and ''[[Shadow Hearts]]'' video game series creator Matsuzo Machida, the latter was inspired by the works of Go Nagai and Keisuke Fujikawa (''[[Mazinger Z]]'' screenplay).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geekgamer.it/2016/01/intervista-a-matsuzo-machida-e-miyako-kato-il-duo-creativo-dietro-alla-serie-shadow-hearts/|title=Intervista a Matsuzo Machida e Miyako Kato: il duo creativo della serie Shadow Hearts|date=January 2, 2016}}</ref>

Videogame designer, writer, and director [[Goichi Suda]] cites two works of Go Nagai, ''Violence Jack'' and ''[[Susano Oh]]'' as his favorite manga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-feature/2017/09/22/suda-strikes-again-an-interview-with-suda51|title=SUDA STRIKES AGAIN! An Interview with Suda51|first=Nate|last=Ming|website=Crunchyroll}}</ref>

Approximately seventy-five other series inspired by ''[[Devilman]]'' were also featured on a poster and website as part of the advertising for ''[[Devilman Crybaby]]''. This list includes titles such as ''[[Parasyte]]'', ''[[Tokyo Ghoul]]'', and ''[[Attack on Titan]]'' alongside the afformentioned ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion]]'' and ''[[Berserk (manga)|Berserk]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Inc |first1=Aniplex |title=DEVILMAN crybaby {{!}} 公式サイト |url=https://devilman-crybaby.com/genealogy/ |website=devilman-crybaby.com |access-date=8 December 2022 |language=Japanese}}</ref> This list does not include a number of other series whose creators have attributed the series as an inspiration or featured clear visual homages. (For example, ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh!]]'''s creator [[Kazuki Takahashi]] has stated that Devilman was one of the characters he drew most as a child.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Takahashi |first1=Kazuki |title=Duel Art: Kazuki Takahashi Yu-Gi-Oh! Illustrations |date=September 29, 2015 |publisher=Udon Entertainment}}</ref>) The story has also inspired stories published after this site was created, such as [[Tatsuki Fujimoto]]'s ''[[Chainsaw Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Anna |title=How A Classic '70s Anime Paved the Way For Chainsaw Man's Success |url=https://www.cbr.com/devliman-chainsaw-man-anime/ |website=CBR |date=10 August 2022}}</ref>

Plans for a museum for Go Nagai were announced in 2005. Go Nagai Wonderland Museum opened in 2009 in [[Wajima, Ishikawa]]. The museum burned down after the [[2024 Sea of Japan earthquake]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cayanan |first1=Joanna |title=Newspapers: Go Nagai Museum Burns Down After Earthquake |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-01-02/newspapers-go-nagai-museum-burns-down-after-earthquake/.206109 |website=[[Anime News Network]] |access-date=2 January 2024 |date=2 January 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Go Nagai|Go Nagai}}
{{Portal|Anime and manga}}
* [http://www.sfwj.or.jp/member/NAGAI-GO.e.html Go Nagai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610171531/http://www.sfwj.or.jp/member/NAGAI-GO.e.html |date=June 10, 2012 }} (Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of Japan)
:*{{in lang|ja}} [http://www.sfwj.or.jp/member/NAGAI-GO.html 永井　豪（ながい ごう）] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012082113/http://www.sfwj.or.jp/member/NAGAI-GO.html |date=October 12, 2007 }} (日本SF作家クラブ) — a Japanese version of the page.
*[http://www.cjas.org/~bchow/gonagai/ The World of Before the Apocalypse Fan Page: Go Nagai]
*{{anime News Network|people|3140}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080311072516/http://www.devilworld.org/revelations.html Revelation, An Essay on Devilman by Go Nagai]
*{{in lang|ja}} [http://www.mazingerz.com/GO.html The World of Go Nagai], with lists and pictures of various Nagai and Nagai-related works, and many notes on them.
*{{in lang|it}} [http://www.encirobot.com/5nagai/nagai_main.asp Enciclo'Robopedia - Sezione di Go Nagai], a website with a biography of Go Nagai and a list of almost all of his manga and anime work from 1967 to 2004, as well as other works based on his original ideas.
*{{in lang|it}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080620042605/http://www.d-world.jp/goldrake/autore.html L'autore Go Nagai - Dynamic Italie], the official biography of Go Nagai by [[D/visual]].
*{{in lang|it}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080616012414/http://www.terrediconfine.eu/Default.aspx?tabid=610 Shuten Doji (Anime Mundi)], detailed production information

{{Cutie Honey}}
{{NavigationBox Mazinger}}
{{Devilman}}
{{Getter Robo}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nagai, Go}}
[[Category:Go Nagai| ]]
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Anime character designers]]
[[Category:Anime directors]]
[[Category:Japanese science fiction writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mechanical designers (mecha)]]
[[Category:People from Wajima, Ishikawa]]
[[Category:Manga artists from Ishikawa Prefecture]]
[[Category:Winner of Kodansha Manga Award (Shōnen)]]
[[Category:Pseudonymous artists]]
[[Category:Pseudonymous writers]]
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