Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Great Southern (wine region)

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Wine region in Western Australia}}
{{Use Australian English|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}

{{Coord|35|S|117|E|source:svwiki_region:AU_type:city|display=title}}
{{Infobox wine region
| name = Great Southern
| image = GreatSouthern.jpg  
| caption = The largest GI wine region of Australia
| official name = 
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| country = Australia
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| sub regions = Porongurups, Mount Barker, Albany, Denmark and Frankland River
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| soil = The main soils are similar to that of the [[Margaret River (wine region)]]; lateritic gravelly sandy loams (marri country) or sandy loams from granite and gneissic bedrocks. Typically brown to grey-brown in color, with the percentage of clay varying from one location to another.<ref name="ReferenceA">Gladstones, John (2016) ''[http://winebookcellar.com.au/viticulture-environment/ Viticulture and Environment, Revised Edition]'', Tanunda, South Australia: Trivinum Press. {{ISBN|978 0 9945016 1 5}}</ref>
| total size = 
| planted = {{convert|5775|acre|km2|0}}
| vineyards =
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| varietals = [[Riesling]], [[Chardonnay]], [[Cabernet Sauvignon]], [[pinot noir]], [[Syrah|Shiraz]], [[Merlot]], [[Malbec]], [[Cabernet Franc]] and [[Verdelho]].
| wineries = 48
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}}
The '''Great Southern wine region''' is in [[Great Southern (Western Australia)|Western Australia's Great Southern]] region. It comprises an area {{convert|200|km}} from east to west and over {{convert|100|km}} from north to south, and is Australia's largest [[wine region]].

It has five nominated subregions for wine, the [[Porongurup, Western Australia|Porongurups]], [[Mount Barker, Western Australia|Mount Barker]], [[Albany, Western Australia|Albany]], [[Denmark, Western Australia|Denmark]] and [[Frankland, Western Australia|Frankland River]] under the [[geographical indication]]s legislation as determined by the [[Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation]]. The vineyards spread throughout the area known for production of high quality vines have significant variations of [[terroir]] and climate dictated in part by the distance however the region is the coolest of Western Australia's viticultural areas, with a similar [[maritime influenced Mediterranean (wine)|maritime influenced Mediterranean]] climate to [[Margaret River (wine region)|Margaret River]] although with slightly less rainfall. This diverse region is known for [[Riesling]], [[Chardonnay]], [[Cabernet Sauvignon]], [[pinot noir]], [[Shiraz (grape)|Shiraz]], and [[Malbec]].<ref name="Wine for Dummies">{{cite book |title= Wine For Dummies |last= Ed |first= McCarthy |author2= Mary Ewing-Mulligan |year= 2006 |publisher= For Dummies |isbn= 0-470-04579-5 |url= https://archive.org/details/winefordummiesfo00edmc }}</ref><ref name="Sotheby pg 32">T. Stevenson ''"The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia"'' pg 589 Dorling Kindersley 2005 {{ISBN|0-7566-1324-8}}</ref><ref name="The Australian Wine Encyclopedia">{{cite book|title= The Australian Wine Encyclopedia|publisher= Hardie Grant Books |year=2009|isbn=978-1-74066-774-6|author= James Halliday}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title= The World Atlas of Wine; 6th Revised edition |publisher= Mitchell Beazley| year=2007|isbn=978-1-84533-414-7|author=Hugh Johnson & Jancis Robinson}}</ref><ref name="Oxford Companion">J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition  pg 326 Oxford University Press 2006 {{ISBN|0-19-860990-6}}</ref>

==Subregions==
*Albany is a subregion of the Great Southern region of Western Australia. Albany's climate is maritime, strongly shaped and moderated by the Southern Ocean; the standard description is that it is Mediterranean, with moist, cool winters and warm, dry summers. Diurnal temperature range is minimal, and moderate humidity in summer assists ripening by reducing stress on the vines. Soil types of the region are either lateritic gravelly, sandy loams or sandy loams derived directly from granite and gneissic rocks.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="The Australian Wine Encyclopedia"/>
*Denmark the coastal neighbour of Albany is one of the five subregions of Great Southern. Marginally wetter and cooler than Albany, although the differences are not of significant magnitude. The climate is broadly similar to Albany; the varieties being grown and the wine styles are also similar.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="The Australian Wine Encyclopedia"/>
*Frankland River is one of the five subregions of the Great Southern in Western Australia. It is situated in the northwestern corner of the region, its western boundary touching the eastern side of Manjimup. It is the most northerly, inland subregion of Great Southern, still Mediterranean in terms of dominant winter-spring rainfall, but with greater continentality. The soils are chiefly derived from lateric gravelly sandy loams or sandy loams derived from granite or gneissic rocks, and so are typically rich, red in colour and of uniform depth with some areas carrying marri and karri loams. The climatic influences for the area favor medium-bodied, Bordeaux style red varieties, and with the excellent adaptation of slightly earlier-maturing Shiraz.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="The Australian Wine Encyclopedia"/>
*Mount Barker this cool subregion is generally regarded as the most important subregion of the Great Southern. Ripening month and average temperatures in the established Mount Barker vineyards are significantly lower than in the [[Médoc AOC|Médoc]], and significantly lower than in the lower warmer Bordeaux appellations such as [[Saint Emilion]] and [[Pomerol]]. Average ripening period sunshine hours at Mount Barker together with the whole season measure of sunshine hours are nearly identical with those of Bordeaux.<ref name="Sotheby pg 32"/><ref name="Oxford Companion"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wineaustralia.com/australia/Default.aspx?tabid=4530|title=The Great Southern Wine Region Climate|access-date=2009-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924090458/http://www.wineaustralia.com/australia/Default.aspx?tabid=4530|archive-date=24 September 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> Situated in the middle of the Great Southern, with strong continental aspects together with marri soils and lateritic gravely and sandy loams provided from the granite rock backdrop  the region is suited to Riesling, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Pinot noir.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="The Australian Wine Encyclopedia"/><ref name="Oxford Companion pg 459">J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition  pg 459 Oxford University Press 2006 {{ISBN|0-19-860990-6}}</ref>
*Porongurup is the fifth of the subregions of the Great Southern, just east of Mount Barker; and especially, the slopes facing north and north-east. The Porongorups are a small, isolated range of intrusive granite, of which slopes enjoy outstanding air drainage.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The Porongorups ranges has one of the richest concentrations of plant species worldwide and is one of only 34 internationally significant hotspots for biodiversity.<ref name="Myers2000">Myers N., Mittermeier R.A., Mittermeier C.G., da Fonseca G. A. B. and Kent J. (2000). ‘Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities’, Nature, vol. 403, 24 February 2000.</ref> The Porongurup range is one of the oldest mountain ranges in the world, dating roughly around 1.1 to 1.4 billion years old which places its formation in the ‘Proterozoic’ Eon. It owes its formation to the massive tectonic forces that have shaped the southern and western coasts of Australia, a likely result of a collision between the Australian and Antarctic landmasses.<ref name=" WA Business News">‘Day-tripping in the Gt Southern’, Jenelle Carter, WA Business News, 18 June 2008</ref><ref name="Black1992">Black L., Harris L.B. and Delor C.P. (1992). ‘Reworking of Archaean and Early Proterozoic components during a progressive Middle Proterozoic tectonothermal event in the Albany Mobile Belt, Western Australia’, Precambrian Research, vol. 59.</ref><ref name="Abbott1980">Abbott Ian (1980). ‘The Avifauna of the Porongurup Range, an isolated habitat in South-Western Australia’, Emu, vol. 81. Anderson, J (1984).</ref> The climate is Mediterranean with cool to mild winters and warm, sunny summers. While conditions are cooler and more humid higher up in the ranges with occasional snow on the taller peaks for short periods during winter and spring.<ref name="Calm1999">CALM (1999). Management Plan – Stirling Range National Park and Porongurup National Park 1999–2009, Management Plan no. 42. Department of Conservation and Land Management; National Parks and Nature Conservation Authority, Perth.</ref> The soils are ancient, deep karri loams derived from weathered granite.<ref name="The Australian Wine Encyclopedia"/><ref name=" wine travellers guide">{{cite book|title= The wine travellers guide to Western Australia; 2nd ed. |publisher=Starsail Corp| year=2002|isbn= 0-9580118-3-4|author= Mark Mentiplay}}</ref> Porongurup is strongly indicated for all high quality white wine varieties such as Riesling, Traminer, Chardonnay, and red wine varieties such as Pinot noir, and Pinot Meunier.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

== History ==
The international definition and recognition of this area as a distinct and unique wine growing area goes back to 1859, when original settler George Egerton-Warburton planted vines on his St Werburgh's property near Mount Barker and bottled his first vintage two years later. However, the first real commercial foundations were laid in the late 1930s by horticulturalist Bill Jamieson. His extensive knowledge of the area's soils and climate was augmented by the research of Californian Professor [[Harold Olmo]] in 1955 during a government-sponsored trip to Western Australia. Olmo spent eight months in Western Australia at the invitation of the Western Australian Vine Fruits Research Trust, while on leave from his post as Professor of [[Viticulture]] at the University of California.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> When he published his report in 1956, one of the recommendations put forward was that [[Mount Barker, Western Australia|Mount Barker]] and the [[Frankland, Western Australia|Frankland]] area of Western Australia showed great promise for making table wines in the light traditional European style. This was further backed up by agricultural and viticultural scientist Dr John Gladstones in 1963, and endorsed by the Western Australian Grape Industry Committee (1964).
A year later, Jamieson and [[Houghton Winery|Houghton's]] celebrated winemaker [[Jack Mann (winemaker)|Jack Mann]], went to Mount Barker and the first experimental cuttings were planted in 1965 at Forest Hill.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name=" wine travellers guide"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.albanygateway.com.au/what-to-do/great-southern-wine-region.html|title=The Great Southern wine region history|access-date=2009-06-29}}</ref>

==Wineries==
* [[Plantagenet Wines]]
* [[Forest Hill Vineyard|Forest Hill Wines]]
* [[Constellation Wines Australia|Goundrey Wines]]
* [[Houghton Wines]]
* [[Castle Rock Estate]]
* [[3 Drop Wines]]
* [[Castelli Estate]]
* Willoughby Park<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.willoughbypark.com.au/  |title=Willoughby Park |year=2021 |website=Willoughby Park |access-date=2021-04-12 }}</ref>
* Singlefile Wines
* Ferngrove Wines
* Alkoomi Wines
* Frankland Estate
* West Cape Howe Wines

==In the media==
* The Porongurup wine region was featured on the [[ABC Television (Australian TV network)|ABC Television]] programme ''[[Landline (TV series)|Landline]]'' in the July 2010 episode "Great Southern Land".<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.abc.net.au/tv/programs/landline/old-site/content/2010/s2956973.htm| title = ABC iview| website = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}} </ref>

== References ==
=== Notes ===
{{reflist|2}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
*{{Clarke-AustWineCompan | pages=6–33, 122–141}}
*{{Forrestal-Wineries | pages=12–27, 220–221, 238–245}}
*{{Halliday-AustWineCompend | pages=473–489}}
*{{Halliday-JHWAtlasAust2008 | pages=240–251}}
*{{Halliday-AustWineEncyc}}
*{{Hardy-AustWinePictAtlas | pages=294–331}}
*{{Jordan-WineWABest | pages=120–144}}
*{{Zekulich-WineWA}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* Wine Australia: [https://web.archive.org/web/20090924090458/http://www.wineaustralia.com/australia/Default.aspx?tabid=4530  The Great Southern wine region]
* Margaret River Visitor Centre: [http://www.margaretriver.com/pages/great-southern/ The Great Southern] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106114345/http://www.margaretriver.com/pages/great-southern/ |date=6 November 2010 }}
* Denmark Wine Region: [http://www.denmarkwineregion.com.au/ Denmark Wine Region]

{{Wine Regions of Western Australia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Great Southern (Wine Region)}}
[[Category:Wine regions of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Great Southern (Western Australia)]]
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