Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info ---------------->
|name                   = Haixi Prefecture
|native_name            = {{lang|zh|海西州}} · {{MongolUnicode|{{allow wrap|ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢ {{zwj}}ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠧᠦ}}|style=max-height:2.5em;text-align:left;word-wrap:normal}} · {{bo-textonly|མཚོ་ནུབ་ཁུལ།}}
|official_name          = Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture<br/>{{longitem|style=font-size:110%;|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-cn|海西蒙古族藏族自治州}}<br/>{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ|style=max-height:3.5em;text-align:left;word-wrap:normal}}<br/>{{bo-textonly|མཚོ་ནུབ་སོག་རིགས་ཆ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་}}}}}} 
|settlement_type        = [[Autonomous prefecture]]
|total_type             = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
|motto                  =
<!-- images and maps ----------->
|image_skyline          = Haixi Mongol Prefecture2.jpg
|imagesize              =
|image_caption          = [[Tanggula Mountains]]
|image_seal             =
|seal_size              =
|image_shield           =
|shield_size            =
|image_blank_emblem     =
|blank_emblem_type      =
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|image_map              = Qinghai subdivisions - Haixi.svg
|mapsize                = 250px
|map_caption            = Location of Haixi Prefecture in Qinghai
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<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_name = [[China]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces of China|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Qinghai]]
|subdivision_type2      =
|subdivision_name2      =
|seat_type              = Prefectural seat
|seat                   = [[Delingha]]
|parts_type             =
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                               Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5 -->
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|p2                     = <!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed --> 
<!-- Politics ----------------->
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|established_title      = <!-- Settled -->
|established_date       =
|established_title1     = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
|established_date1      =
|established_title2     = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> 
|established_date2      =
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|founder                =
|named_for              =
<!-- Area --------------------->
|area_magnitude         = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink --> 
|unit_pref              = <!-- Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric -->
|area_footnotes         =
|area_total_km2         = 325785<!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion -->
|area_land_km2          = <!-- See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion -->
|area_water_km2         =
|area_water_percent     =
|area_urban_km2         =
|area_metro_km2         =
|area_blank1_title      =
|area_blank1_km2        =
<!-- Elevation -------------------------->
|elevation_footnotes    = <!--for references: use <ref> tags-->
|elevation_m            =
|elevation_max_m        =
|elevation_min_m        =
<!-- Population ------------------------->
|population_as_of              = 2017
|population_footnotes          = <ref>[http://www.luqyu.cn/tongjishow.asp?tid=1003 According to 2010 China National Census]</ref>
|population_note               =
|population_total              = 515,200
|population_density_km2        = auto<!-- For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->
|population_metro              =
|population_density_metro_km2  =
|population_urban              =
|population_density_urban_km2  =
|population_blank1_title       = Major Ethnic Groups
|population_blank1             = [[Han Chinese|Han]]-66.01%<br/>[[Hui people|Hui]]-13.45%<br/>[[Tibetan people|Tibetan]]-10.93%<br/>[[Mongolians]]-5.53%
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
| demographics_type2   = GDP<ref>{{cite book |author=青海省统计局、国家统计局青海调查总队 |title=《青海统计年鉴－2016》 |date=August 2016 |publisher=中国统计出版社 |isbn=978-7-5037-7834-6 |url=http://www.qhtjj.gov.cn/nj/2016/indexch.htm |access-date=2017-06-05 |archive-date=2017-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228012718/http://www.qhtjj.gov.cn/nj/2016/indexch.htm}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Total
| demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]] 50 billion<br />[[US$]] 7 billion 
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 86,713<br />US$ 13,922
<!-- General information ---------------->
|timezone               = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
|utc_offset             = +8
|coor_pinpoint = Haixi Prefecture government<!--rounded-->
|coordinates            = {{coord|37.38|N|97.37|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-63_source:Gaode|display=it}}
<!-- Area/postal codes & others --------->
|postal_code_type       = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
|postal_code            = 817000
|area_code              = 0977
|iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-QH-28]]
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|blank1_name            =
|blank1_info            =
|website = {{URL|www.haixi.gov.cn}}
|footnotes              =
}}
{{Infobox Chinese|c={{linktext|lang=zh|海西|蒙古族|藏族|自治州}}
  |p=Hǎixī Měnggǔzú Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu
|tib={{bo-textonly|མཚོ་ནུབ་སོག་རིགས་ཆ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་}}
  |wylie=mtsho-nub sog-rigs dang bod-rigs rang-skyong-khul |zwpy=Conub Sogrig Poirig Ranggyong Kü
 | mong = {{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ|style=max-height:3.5em;text-align:left;word-wrap:normal}}
| monr = Qayisi-yin Mongɣol Töbed ündüsüten-ü öbertegen zasaqu jvu
| mon = Хайши монгол ба Түвдийн өөртөө засах муж<br />(Qayisi-yin Mongɣol Töbed ündüsüten-ü öbertegen zasaqu jvu)}}
'''Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture''' ({{zh|c=海西蒙古族藏族自治州}}; {{lang-mn|{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ|style=max-height:3.5em;text-align:left;word-wrap:normal}}}}; {{bo|t=མཚོ་ནུབ་སོག་རིགས་ཆ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་}}), locally also known as '''Qaidam Prefecture''' ({{lang-mn|{{MongolUnicode|ᠴᠠᠢᠳᠠᠮ}}}}; {{bo|t=ཚྭ་འདམ་}}; {{zh|s=柴达木}}), is an [[autonomous prefecture]] occupying much of the northern half of (as well as part of the southwest of) [[Qinghai|Qinghai Province]], China. It has an area of {{convert|325785|km²}} and its [[Capital (political)|seat]] is [[Delingha]]. The name of the prefecture literally means "west of [[Qinghai Lake|(Qinghai) Lake]]."

[[Geladaindong Peak|Geladandong Mountain]], the source of the [[Yangtze River]], is located here.

== History ==
After 1949, the People's Government of Dulan County was founded and the area was renamed Dulan Autonomous District ({{zh|labels=no|s=都兰自治区}}); in 1954, Dulan was renamed Haixi Mongol, Tibetan and Kazakh Autonomous District ({{zh|labels=no|s=海西蒙藏哈萨克族自治区}}) and in 1955, Haixi Mongol, Tibetan and Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture ({{zh|labels=no|c=海西蒙藏哈萨克族自治州}}). In 1963, it was renamed "{{zh|labels=no|c=海西蒙古族藏族哈萨克族自治州}}" (with the "Tibetan" added to the official county name). In 1985, after the Kazakhs had returned to Xinjiang, it was again renamed to Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://qhmz.gov.cn/qinghai_mz/ZLCX/xxgy_files/xxgy_0900.htm |script-title=zh:海西州 |publisher=Qinghai Bureau of Civil Affairs ({{lang|zh-Hans|青海省民政厅网站}}) |access-date=2006-12-15 |archive-date=2007-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000826/http://qhmz.gov.cn/qinghai_mz/ZLCX/xxgy_files/xxgy_0900.htm |url-status=dead }}.<br/>For details, see: {{cite web |url=http://www.xzqh.org/quhua/63qh/28haixi.htm |script-title=zh:海西蒙古族藏族自治州 |publisher=XZQH.org }}</ref>

== Demographics ==
As of the 2017 census, Haixi had 515,200 inhabitants.

The following is a composition of ethnic groups in the prefecture, taken in the 2010 Census.

{| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|-bgcolor=cccccc
! [[List of ethnic groups in China|Nationality]]
! Population
! Percentage
|-
| [[Han Chinese|Han]]
| 322,996
| 66.01%
|-
| [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]]
| 53,498
| 10.93%
|-
| [[Hui people|Hui]]
| 65,828
| 13.45%
|-
| [[Mongolians in China|Mongolian]]
| 27,043
| 5.53%
|-
| [[Monguor people|Tu/Monguor]]
| 9,952
| 2.03%
|-
| [[Salar people|Salar]]
| 4,665
| 0.95%
|-
| [[Dongxiangs|Dongxiang]]
| 2,734
| 0.56%
|-
| [[Manchu people|Manchu]]
| 684
| 0.14%
|-
| [[Tujia people|Tujia]]
| 346
| 0.07%
|-
| [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]]
| 525
| 0.11%
|-
| Others
| 1066
| 0.22%
|}

== Subdivisions ==
Haixi directly governs 3 [[county-level city|county-level cities]] and 3 [[Counties of China|counties]].

{| class="wikitable"  style="font-size:90%;" align=center
!colspan="10" align="center" | Map
|-
|colspan="10" align="center" | <div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Haixi.png|width=653|link=}} 
{{Image label|x=980|y=860|scale=653/2840|text=[[Golmud|'''Golmud<br/>{{small|(city)}}<br/>※''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1990|y=530|scale=653/2840|text=[[Delingha|'''Delingha<br/>{{small|(city)}}''']]}}
{{Image label|x=680|y=320|scale=653/2840|text=[[Mangnai|'''Mangnai<br/>{{small|(city)}}''']]}}
{{Image label|x=2360|y=790|scale=653/2840|text=[[Ulan County|'''Ulan<br/>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=2090|y=1080|scale=653/2840|text=[[Dulan County|'''Dulan<br/>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=2470|y=410|scale=653/2840|text=[[Tianjun County|'''Tianjun<br/>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1360|y=460|scale=653/2840|text=[[Da Qaidam|<span style="color: grey;">'''Da Qaidam'''</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=480|y=1800|scale=653/2840|text=[[Golmud|'''※''']]}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
|-
! Name
! [[Chinese characters|Hanzi]]
! [[Pinyin|Hanyu Pinyin]]
! [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]<br/>{{small|(Transcription from Mongolian)}}
! [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]]
! [[Wylie transliteration|Wylie]]<br/>[[Tibetan pinyin|Tibetan Pinyin]]
! Population<br/>(2010)
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Density<br/>(/km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
|[[Delingha|Delingha City]]<br/>(Delhi City)
|{{lang|zh|德令哈市}}
|{{transl|zh|Délìnghā Shì}}
|{{mongolUnicode|ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ|style=max-height:1.5em;word-wrap:normal}}<br/>{{transl|mn|Delekei qota}}
|{{bo-textonly|གཏེར་ལེན་ཁ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།}}
|{{transl|bo|gter len kha grong khyer}}<br/>{{transl|bo|Dêrlênka Chongkyir}}
|91,855<!--78,184-->
|61,613<!--27,613-->
|1.49<!--2.83-->
|-
|[[Golmud|Golmud City]]<br/>(Ge'ermu City)
|{{lang|zh-Hans|格尔木市}}
|{{transl|zh|Gé'ěrmù Shì}}
|{{mongolUnicode|ᠭᠣᠯᠮᠣᠣᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ|style=max-height:1.6em;word-wrap:normal}}<br/>{{transl|mn|Ɣool modu qota}}
|{{bo-textonly|ན་གོར་མོ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།}}
|{{transl|bo|na gor mo grong khyer}}<br/>{{transl|bo|Nakormo Chongkyir}}
|215,213
|123,460
|1.74
|-
|[[Mangnai|Mangnai City]]<br/>(Mangya City)
|{{lang|zh-Hans|茫崖市}}
|{{transl|zh|Mángyá Shì}}
|{{mongolUnicode|ᠮᠠᠨᠭᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ|style=max-height:2.3em;word-wrap:normal}}<br/>{{transl|mn|Mangnai-yin qota}}
|{{bo-textonly|མང་ནེ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།}}
|{{transl|bo|mang ne grong khyer}}<br/>{{transl|bo|Mangnai Chongkyir}}
|33,451<!--31,017-->
|49,000<!--32,000-->
|0.63<!--0.97-->
|-
|[[Ulan County]]<br/>(Wulan County)
|{{lang|zh-Hans|乌兰县}}
|{{transl|zh|Wūlán Xiàn}}
|{{mongolUnicode|ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ|style=max-height:1.5em;word-wrap:normal}}<br/>{{transl|mn|Ulaγan siyan}}
|{{bo-textonly|ཝུའུ་ལན་རྫོང་}}
|{{transl|bo|wu'u lan rdzong}}<br/>{{transl|bo|Wu'ulain Zong}}
|38,723
|10,784
|3.59
|-
|[[Dulan County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|都兰县}}
|{{transl|zh|Dūlán Xiàn}}
|{{mongolUnicode|ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ|style=max-height:1.7em;word-wrap:normal}}<br/>{{transl|mn|Dulaγan siyan}}
|{{bo-textonly|ཏུའུ་ལན་རྫོང་}}
|{{transl|bo|tu'u lan rdzong}}<br/>{{transl|bo|Tu'ulain Zong}}
|76,623
|50,000
|1.53
|-
|[[Tianjun County]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans|天峻县}}
|{{transl|zh|Tiānjùn Xiàn}}
|{{mongolUnicode|ᠲᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ|style=max-height:1.5em;word-wrap:normal}}<br/>{{transl|mn|Tiyen ǰiyün siyan}}
|{{bo-textonly|ཐེན་ཅུན་རྫོང་}}
|{{transl|bo|then cun rdzong}}<br/>{{transl|bo|Têncün Zong}}
|33,923
|20,000
|1.70
|-
|[[Da Qaidam|Da Qaidam Administrative Zone]]<br/>(Ih'qaidam Administrative Zone)
|{{lang|zh-Hans|大柴旦行政委员会}}
|{{transl|zh|Dàcháidàn Xíngzhèng Wěiyuánhuì}}
|{{mongolUnicode|ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠴᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ|style=max-height:2.4em;word-wrap:normal}}<br/>{{transl|mn|Yeke čayidam-un ǰasaγ ǰaqiraγan-ü ǰöblel}}
|{{bo-textonly|ཚྭ་འདམ་ཆེ་བའི་སྲིད་འཛིན་ཨུ་ཡོན་ལྷན་ཁང་།}}
|{{transl|bo|tshwa 'dam che ba'i srid 'dzin u yon lhan khang}}<!--<br/>Candamqên-->
|13,671
|34,000
|0.40
|}

* The southwestern [[exclave]] of the Haixi Prefecture, separated from the rest of the prefecture by a "panhandle" of the [[Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture]], is the [[Tanggulashan Town|Tanggula Town]] of Golmud City.
{{clear}}

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|File:Haixi Mongol Prefecture.jpg|A picture taken in the southwestern part of the prefecture
|File:Haixi Mongol Prefecture2.jpg|The [[Qingzang Railway]] can be seen on the far left}}

==Notable features==
* [[Delingha]] City
* [[Qaidam Basin]]
* [[Geladandong]] mountain
* Headwaters of the [[Yangtze River]]
* The [[Baigong Pipes]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* A. Gruschke: ''The Cultural Monuments of Tibet’s Outer Provinces: Amdo - Volume 1. The Qinghai Part of Amdo'', White Lotus Press, Bangkok 2001. {{ISBN|974-480-049-6}}
* Tsering Shakya: ''The Dragon in the Land of Snows. A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947'', London 1999, {{ISBN|0-14-019615-3}}

==External links==
*[http://www.haixi.gov.cn/ Official website of Haixi Government] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224171113/http://www.haixi.gov.cn/ |date=2021-02-24 }}

{{Qinghai}}
{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Mongol autonomy in the People's Republic of China}}
{{Tibetan autonomy in the People's Republic of China}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture| ]]
[[Category:Autonomous prefectures of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Qinghai]]
[[Category:Amdo]]
[[Category:Mongols in China]]
[[Category:Tibetan autonomous prefectures]]
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