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{{Short description|1962 film by Gene Nelson}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = Hand of Death
| image          = Hand of Death (1962 film).jpg
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| director       = [[Gene Nelson]]
| producer       = Eugene Ling
| writer         = Eugene Ling
| starring       = [[John Agar]]<br>[[Paula Raymond]]<br>[[Stephen Dunne (actor)|Stephen Dunne]]<br>[[John A. Alonzo]]<br>Joe Besser<br>Butch Patrick  
| music          = [[Sonny Burke]] 
| cinematography = [[Floyd Crosby]] 
| editing        = [[Carl Pierson]] 
| studio         = [[Associated Producers Inc]]
| distributor    = [[20th Century Fox]]
| released       = {{Film date|1962|03|28|United States}}
| runtime        = 60 minutes
| country        = United States
| language       = English
| budget         = 
| gross          = 
}}

'''''Hand of Death''''' (also known as '''Five Fingers of Death''') is a low-budget 1962 American [[horror film]] directed by [[Gene Nelson]], and written and produced by Eugene Ling.<ref>{{cite journal |id={{ProQuest|1305832750}} |title=Hand of death |journal=Monthly Film Bulletin |volume=30 |issue=348 |date=1 January 1963 |page=86 }}</ref> The film stars [[John Agar]], [[Paula Raymond]], [[Stephen Dunne (actor)|Stephen Dunne]] and Roy Gordon. The narrative follows a scientist who develops a military nerve gas. After accidentally exposing himself to it, he not only turns into a grotesque monster, but anyone who touches him dies. The scientist goes on the run but is killed by police before a curative serum can be tried on him.

It was Nelson's directorial debut and the first film produced by Ling.<ref>{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|302440423}} |last1=Stanley |first1=John |title=Dancer, Actor, Director / Gene Nelson Still Keeps On His Toes |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=7 May 1989 |page=34 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Senn|first=Bryan|title=Twice the Thrills! Twice the Chills! Horror and Science Fiction Double Features 1955-1979|publisher=McFarland & Company |year=2019|isbn=9781476668949|location=Jefferson NC|pages=204–207}}</ref>

==Plot==
Scientist Alex Marsh has invented a powerful paralytic-[[hypnotic]] [[nerve gas]] for the military that he has been testing on sheep in the [[Mojave Desert]]. The local mailman blunders into the test site and is overcome but recovers without ill effect. A confident Alex rushes to the home of Dr. Frederick Ramsey, his mentor, to tell him about it. Alex's girlfriend Carol Wilson and his colleague Tom Holland are also there. Alex designed the gas as a way to eliminate casualties at war by placing those exposed to it in a trance-like state for a certain amount of time, at which time the exposed are compliant to any commands given to them. Although Carol feels the project is both dangerous and immoral, Alex continues his testing, vowing not to stop until he has found a way to eliminate the loss of life in war.

While working in the lab, Alex accidentally spills a liquefied version of the nerve gas and, in haste to clean it up, accidentally gets some of it on his hands. The next day, Alex awakens to discover his extremities have darkened, and have become irritating and painful. When his assistant Carlos touches him, Carlos withers away and dies. Panicking, Alex sets the lab afire to cover Carlos's death and heads to Ramsey's. When Alex stops as a gas station, the attendant dies after touching him, causing Alex to flee in horror.

Arriving at Ramsey's house, Alex begs him to find an antidote, which Ramsey eventually agrees to do with the help of Tom. After the first attempted cure has no effect, a desperate Alex consumes the vial of serum Ramsey was working on. Instead of curing his condition like Alex had hoped, the serum mutates him further, bloating and darkening his body until he is unrecognizable. Horrified by his monstrous appearance, Alex accidentally kills Ramsey and flees. Attempting to cover his now deformed features with a trench coat and a fedora, Alex tries to hail a cab but the driver is unable to understand his muffled speech, and when the cabbie tries to get Alex out of the cab he is killed after touching him and Alex flees in the cab. He later falls asleep on the beach in a deserted area where a small boy playing on the rocks almost discovers him accidentally.

Alex later abandons the cab and stumbles toward Tom's house, where Carol is staying. Breaking into the house Alex attempts to speak to a terrified Carol, but can only scrawl a note in shaky handwriting that simply reads "TOM SERUM HELP."

The police soon arrive and Alex flees to the beach, where he is surrounded by the armed police. Although Carol pleas for Alex to surrender, the mutated scientist whose mind has become warped lunges towards them and is promptly gunned down in the surf.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[John Agar]] as Alex Marsh
* [[Paula Raymond]] as Carol Wilson
* [[Stephen Dunne (actor)|Stephen Dunne]] as Tom Holland
* [[Roy Gordon]] as Dr. Frederick Ramsey
* [[John A. Alonzo]] as Carlos - Lab Assistant
* [[Joe Besser]] as Service Station Attendant
* [[Butch Patrick]] as Davey 
* [[Norman Burton]] as Chief Homicide Investigator
* [[Fred Krone]] as Cab Driver
* [[Jack Donner]] as Cop
* [[Chuck Niles]] as Reporter
* [[Ruth Terry]] as Woman with Packages
}}

==Production==
{{expand section|date=December 2020}}
Screenplay writer [[Harry Spalding]] said that [[20th Century Fox]] initially refused the project but passed it on to [[Robert L. Lippert]]'s Associated Productions, which had made low budget movies for them in the past. Ling was assigned to write the script for ''Hand of Death'' because [[Maury Dexter]], a producer/director himself, said that Lippert "owed him a favor." According to Dexter, they could not find an experienced director for the film because the script was so bad. Nelson had acted in the past and was keen to direct, so Lippert gave him the job. Shooting took seven days.<ref name="harry">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=esCnTSqGtUYC&q=harry+spaling+writer&pg=PA320|page=332|title=Double Feature Creature Attack: A Monster Merger of Two More Volumes of Classic Interviews|first=Tom|last=Weaver|publisher=McFarland|date=19 February 2003|isbn=9780786482153}}</ref><ref name="tom">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XOOSvZexlEQC&q=police+nurse+1963&pg=PA348|page=115|title=I Talked with a Zombie: Interviews with 23 Veterans of Horror and Sci-Fi Films and Television|first=Tom|last= Weaver|publisher=McFarland|date=18 April 2014|isbn=9780786452682}}</ref>

Filming took place in Malibu and Santa Monica.<ref name=":2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L8PK4jszVDoC&q=%22hand+of+death%22+interview+gene+nelson&pg=PA11|page=12|title=Return of the B Science Fiction and Horror Heroes: The Mutant Melding of Two Volumes of Classic Interviews|first=Tom|last= Weaver|publisher=McFarland|date= 2000|isbn=9780786407552}}</ref> Raymond said in an interview that "shortly after completing" ''Hand of Death'', she had a serious car crash which severed her nose and resulted in multiple plastic surgeries. At the time of interview, she said she had never seen the film.<ref name=":3">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MllCLkc3Q_EC&q=%22hand+of+death%22+interview+gene+nelson&pg=PA208|page=208|title=Screen Sirens Scream!: Interviews with 20 Actresses from Science Fiction, Horror, Film Noir, and Mystery Movies, 1930s to 1960s|first1=Paul|last1= Parla|first2= Charles P.|last2= Mitchell|publisher=McFarland|date= 2000|isbn=9780786407019}}</ref>

The working titles of ''Hand of Death'' were ''Five Fingers of Death'' and ''The Death Walker''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Warren|first=Bill|title=Keep Watching the Skies! American Science Fiction Movies of the Fifties, The 21st Century Edition|publisher=McFarland & Company Inc.|year=2010|isbn=9781476666181|location=Jefferson NC|pages=356–358}}</ref> The film was shot in black-and-white [[CinemaScope]] with a widescreen aspect ratio of 2.35:1.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hand of Death (1962)|url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/77265/Hand-of-Death/theatrical-aspect-ratio.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=7 September 2020|website=Turner Classic Movies}}</ref>

Theatrical posters for the film were headlined "He Experimented in HORROR!", "No One Dared Come Too Close" and "DOOM Was Always In His GRASP!"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hand of Death|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hand_of_death_1962|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 September 2020|website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hand of Death 1962|url=https://www.letterboxd.com/film/hand-of-death|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 September 2020|website=Letterboxd.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hand of Death (1962)|url=https://www.mopopoc.com/2015/06/hand-of-death-john-agar-us-one.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 September 2020|website=Movie Poster Collecting}}</ref>

==Release==
''Hand of Death'' was released in the US on May 1, 1962 on a double bill with ''[[The Cabinet of Caligari]]''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The latter film is described as "not so much a remake" of the famous 1920 German Expressionist film ''[[The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari]]'', but as one "inspired" by it.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last=Hardy|editor-first=Phil|title=The Encyclopedia of Horror Movies|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1986|isbn=0060550503|location=NY|pages=147}}</ref>

''Hand of Death'' was granted an X certification by the [[British Board of Film Censors]] on 5 March 1962. The X-cert prevented it from legally being shown in theatres to audience members under age 16.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hand of Death (1962)|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/hand-death-1962|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=10 September 2020|website=British Board of Film Classification}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the age rating symbols|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/education-resources/student-guide/bbfc-history/history-age-ratings-symbols|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=10 September 2020|website=British Board of Film Classification}}</ref>

According to ''[[Boxoffice Pro|BoxOffice]]'' magazine's "Boxoffice Barometer," the film opened simultaneously in Denver; Detroit; Kansas City; New Haven CT; and Omaha NE. The "Barometer" shows how financially well new releases are performing during their first week, with a score of 100 indicating "normal" gross box office receipts. ''Hand of Death'' averaged an 85 with scores in the same order as the five cities listed above of 65, 70, 100, 90 and 100, By comparison, the most popular film of the same week, ''[[The Music Man (1962 film)|The Music Man]]'', had an average score of 273.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 August 1962|title=Boxoffice Barometer|url=https://www2.boxoffice.com/the_vault/issue_page?issue_id=1962-8-20&page_no=18#page_start|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 September 2020|website=BoxOffice Magazine}}</ref>

Critic Bryan Senn writes that ''Hand of Death'' was part of Fox's TV movie package during the 1960s and early 1970s, but "the company's distribution rights expired in the early 1980s, causing the feature to fall into legal limbo. Consequently, the movie languished unseen for over two decades," resurfacing sometime after the year 2000. As such, it was generally regarded as a [[lost film]].<ref name=":0" /> Film historian Bill Warren, however, says that Agar brought a previously unknown VHS copy of the film to his birthday party "a year or so" before his death in 2002.<ref name=":1" />

''Hand of Death'' was shown on [[FX Movie Channel|FXM]] on 6, 15, 16, 20 and 21 September 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hand of Death (1962)|url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/hand-of-death/12520/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=5 September 2020|website=TV Guide}}</ref>

===Home media===
The film was released for the first time on [[DVD]] by Willette Acquisition Corp. on March 17, 2015.<ref name="allmoviedvd">{{cite web |title=Hand of Death (1962) - Gene Nelson |url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/hand-of-death-v94216/releases |website=Allmovie.com |access-date=December 28, 2020 |date=n.d.}}</ref>

== Reception ==
{{expand section|date=December 2020}}
''Hand of Death'' received mostly negative reviews upon its release.
''BoxOffice'' magazine, in a review in its issue of March 19, 1962, called it "program filler from the word go" and which will cause the more "discriminating" audience members to "squirm with disgust." As for acting, though, the anonymous reviewer says that Agar is "appropriately grim-faced" and "Miss Raymond is a proper feminine foil and the supporting actors are good."<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=19 March 1962|title=Feature Reviews|url=https://www2.boxoffice.com/the_vault/issue_page?issue_id=1962-3-19&page_no=82#page_start|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=9 September 2020|website=BoxOffice Magazine}}</ref> Warren notes that the film "begins reasonably well (...) but when the plot becomes clear, with Agar simply killing a bunch of people before he himself is shot, most audiences lost interest. They'd seen it before, and the early promise was betrayed."<ref name=":1" /> Similarly, Bruce Elder at [[AllMovie]] points out that by the time it was released, "this kind of movie was rapidly losing its traditional audience, as earlier examples from the genre (...) began showing up regularly on television."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Elder|first=Bruce|date=|title=John Agar Biography|url=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/john-agar-p439|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=10 September 2020|website=Allmovie.com}}</ref> ''[[TV Guide]]'' was also critical of the film, giving it one out of four stars.<ref name="tvuidereview">{{cite web |author1=n.a. |title=Hand Of Death - Movie Reviews and Movie Ratings |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/hand-of-death/review/125520/ |website=[[TV Guide]].com |access-date=December 30, 2020 |date=n.d.}}</ref>

==Legacy==
{{expand section|date=December 2020}}
Agar's makeup has gotten some degree of attention over the years. In an interview, Agar said that his son, age 2 or 3 at the time, "came onto the set with his mother and heard his dad's voice coming out of this monster get-up - it scared him half to death! I had a tough time explaining it to him."<ref name=":2" /> Raymond recalled it as "grotesque" but "outstanding and frightening to look at."<ref name=":3" /> But while Warren comments that makeup artist Bob Mark used "some admirable imagination" in creating the Alex-monster, he also writes that "having [Alex] turn black was a terrible blunder" for the studio because it resulted in the monster looking like "the grossest possible caricature of a black man."<ref name=":1" /> Senn agrees, writing that "Though it's doubtful filmmakers intended to send a racial message, this seemingly insensitive device speaks volumes about the way many whites viewed African American men in the early 1960s."<ref name=":0" /> The monster in the film also closely resembles the character of Ben Grimm (aka ''The Thing'') from the best selling Marvel Comics magazine ''The Fantastic Four'', right down to the hat and trenchcoat the character used to hide himself from the public in the comic book stories.
The comic book series premiered in September 1961, and may well have served as the template for Agar's makeup in the film.<ref>Warren, Bill (2010). Keep Watching the Skies! American Science Fiction Movies of the Fifties, The 21st Century Edition. Jefferson NC: McFarland & Company Inc. pp. 356–358. ISBN 9781476666181</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{AFI film|19892}}
* {{Allmovie|94216}}
* {{IMDb title|0056055}}
* {{Rotten tomatoes|hand_of_death_1962}}
* {{tcmdb title|77265}}

{{Gene Nelson}}

[[Category:1962 films]]
[[Category:1962 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1962 horror films]]
[[Category:1960s monster movies]]
[[Category:1960s science fiction horror films]]
[[Category:20th Century Fox films]]
[[Category:CinemaScope films]]
[[Category:American black-and-white films]]
[[Category:American independent films]]
[[Category:American science fiction horror films]]
[[Category:Films shot in California]]
[[Category:Films set in California]]
[[Category:Films set in Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Films about chemical war and weapons]]
[[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles County, California]]
[[Category:Films directed by Gene Nelson]]
[[Category:1960s English-language films]]
[[Category:1960s American films]]
[[Category:1962 independent films]]
[[Category:English-language science fiction horror films]]
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