Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Hatch Memorial Shell

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Concert venue in Back Bay}}
{{Infobox venue
| name             = Hatch Memorial Shell
| image            = [[File:Boston Pops Esplanade Orchestra 2005-07-04.jpg|200px]]
| image_caption    = The [[Boston Pops]] performing at the Hatch Shell on July 4, 2005
| nickname         = 
| location         = [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]
| coordinates      = {{Coord|42.357311|-71.073687|display=title,inline|type:landmark}}
| type             = Outdoor [[amphitheater]]
| broke_ground     =
| built            =
| opened           = {{start date|1928}}
| renovated        =
| expanded         =
| owner            = [[Department of Conservation and Recreation (Massachusetts)|Department of Conservation and Recreation]]
| former_names     = Edward A. Hatch Memorial Shell
| seating_type     = open 
| seating_capacity = 10,000
}}

The '''Edward A. Hatch Memorial Shell''' (commonly referred to as the "Hatch Shell") is an outdoor concert venue on the [[Charles River Esplanade]] in the [[Back Bay]] section of [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]].  Built in 1939–1940, it is one of the city's prominent examples of [[Art Deco]] architecture.

The Hatch Shell is best known for hosting the [[Boston Pops]] annually for the Boston [[Independence Day (United States)|Fourth of July]] celebration, but is also used for free concerts most weekends and many weeknights during the summer months.  The grass pavilion in front of the stage has no permanent seating. There is a memorial nearby to [[Arthur Fiedler]], first permanent conductor of the Pops.

==Name==
The Hatch Shell is named in memory of Edward Hatch, the descendant of a family with deep roots in colonial Massachusetts and a fortune made in foreign trade. Hatch died in 1910, and his sister Maria died without issue in 1926, leaving a substantial portion of her estate in a trust which was to be used for "a park, playground or memorial" in or near Boston that would be "open to the public at such times and under such circumstances as may from time to time best minister to the public need for a beauty spot."<ref name=hatch_profile>{{cite news|title=Donor of Esplanade Shell Ardent Vaudeville Fan|newspaper=Boston Globe|date=July 14, 1940}}</ref> The executor of Maria Hatch's estate died before the terms of the trust could be executed, and it remained undiscovered until 1936, when [[Massachusetts Attorney General]] [[Paul A. Dever]] discovered it and instituted probate action to complete its terms.  New trustees, selected by the court, determined that a permanent concert shell on the Charles River Esplanade would satisfy the terms of the trust.<ref name=hatch_profile />

==History==
The original, wooden shell was built in 1928 as a temporary venue for the Pops with expectations of construction of a permanent structure in the near future. It was first used for a concert on July 4, 1929, with [[Arthur Fiedler]] conducting the [[Boston Pops Orchestra]]. A second, temporary shell, made of metal, was built in 1934.{{cn|date=November 2019}}

The permanent shell was designed by architect [[Richard J. Shaw]], and was dedicated on July 2, 1940. In preparation for its 50th anniversary in 1991, it underwent significant renovation and repair along with modernization of its [[acoustics]] by Boston architecture firm [[Notter Finegold & Alexander]]. Bostonian Howard Brickman, a master craftsman specializing in wood floors, re-created the intricate interior paneling of the shell by hand.{{cn|date=November 2019}}

An {{convert|8|ft|m|adj=on}} bronze statue of [[George S. Patton]], by [[James Earle Fraser (sculptor)|James Earle Fraser]], commemorates the general's June 7, 1945 address at the site before a crowd of 20,000 persons.<ref>Blumenson, Martin (1974), ''The Patton Papers: 1940–1945'', Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin, {{ISBN|0-395-18498-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/wallyg/4890118647/|title=Boston - Charles River Esplanade: General George Smith Patton, Jr.|date=5 June 2010 |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref>

Uses of the Hatch Shell include concerts, movie showings and speeches, and as a meeting place for large events, such as AIDS Walk Boston and the [[Larry Kessler 5K Run]]. The grass pavilion is used for picnics, casual sports and sunbathing, in a manner typical of urban parks.

The Hatch Shell underwent a $2.4 million renovation in 2018, the first since 1989. The exterior panels of the shell were replaced, which required a laser scan of the shell and fabrication of 673 separate panels in 93 different shapes.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Dan |title=Hatch Shell Restoration Project Set to Wrap Up Next Month |url=http://beaconhilltimes.com/2018/05/25/hatch-shell-restoration-project-set-to-wrap-up-next-month/ |access-date=October 31, 2018 |work=Beacon Hill Times |date=May 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031234441/http://beaconhilltimes.com/2018/05/25/hatch-shell-restoration-project-set-to-wrap-up-next-month/ |archive-date=October 31, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Architecture==
The Hatch Shell is a wood-frame structure with a semicircular arched opening that is {{convert|40|ft|m}} high and {{convert|110|ft|m}} wide. It is fronted by a stone platform with stairs that extend the structure's width to {{convert|160|ft|m}}.  On the front of this platform are engraved the names of famous (at least through the period of its construction) composers. The exterior of the shell is finished in [[terrazzo]] tile, and the interior is finished in wood. The interior floor consists of stepped tiers in semicircular form. The outside of the shell is ringed by a single-story flat-roof structure housing dressing rooms and storage facilities for performers.

{{Hidden begin
| border = 1px solid grey
| header = List of 88 names of composers<ref>
{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->  |date=7 Mar 1940 |title=Vote on Names to Appear on Esplanade Shell Casts Light on Musical Opinion |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23648650/names_on_the_hatch_shell/  |newspaper=Boston Globe|page=4 |location=Boston, Massachusetts |access-date=21 January 2020 }}
</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amybeach.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Beach-on-the-Shell-How-I-Changed-an-Icon.pdf|title=Beach on the Shell: How I changed an Icon |first=Liane |last=Curtis |date=March 2017|publisher=Women’s Studies Research Center, Brandeis University}}</ref>
}}
<!--names originally added in 1941 with Williams and Beach added later-->
:Front
::Half left
:::[[Giacomo Puccini|PUCCINI]] [[Arthur Sullivan|SULLIVAN]] [[Johann Strauss II|STRAUSS]] [[Robert Schumann|SCHUMANN]] [[Charles Martin Loeffler|LOEFFLER]] [[Edward MacDowell|MACDOWELL]] [[Stephen Foster|FOSTER]] [[Claude Debussy|DEBUSSY]] [[Amy Beach|BEACH]]<!--added in 2000 --> [[Victor Herbert|HERBERT]] [[Christoph Willibald Gluck|GLUCK]] [[Frédéric Chopin|CHOPIN]] [[Maurice Ravel|RAVEL]] [[Richard Wagner|WAGNER]] [[Carl Maria von Weber|WEBER]] [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov|RIMSKY-KORSAKOV]] [[Giuseppe Verdi|VERDI]] [[Joseph Haydn|HAYDN]] [[Claudio Monteverdi|MONTEVERDI]] [[Antonín Dvorak|DVORAK]] [[Franz Liszt|LISZT]] [[Ludwig van Beethoven|BEETHOVEN]]
::Half right
:::[[Johann Sebastian Bach|BACH]] [[Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina|PALESTRINA]] [[Modest Mussorgsky|MUSSORGSKY]] [[Arthur Foote|FOOTE]] [[George Frideric Handel|HANDEL]] [[Felix Mendelssohn|MENDELSSOHN]] [[Edvard Grieg|GRIEG]] [[George Gershwin|GERSCHWIN]] [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|MOZART]] [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|TCHAIKOVSKY]] [[Georges Bizet|BIZET]] [[George Whitefield Chadwick|CHADWICK]] [[John Williams|WILLIAMS]]<!--added in 1993--> [[Johannes Brahms|BRAHMS]] [[César Franck|FRANCK]] [[Camille Saint-Saens|SAINT-SAENS]] [[Gioachino Rossini|ROSSINI]] [[Franz Schubert|SCHUBERT]] [[Hector Berlioz|BERLIOZ]] [[Jacques Offenbach|OFFENBACH]] [[Charles Gounod|GOUNOD]]
:Rear
:::[[François Couperin|COUPERIN]] [[Vincent d’Indy|DINDY]] [[Edward Elgar|ELGAR]] [[Léo Delibes|DELIBES]] [[Hugo Wolf|WOLF]] [[Dietrich Buxtehude|BUXTEHUDE]] [[William Byrd|BYRD]] [[Arcangelo Corelli|CORELLI]] [[Orlande de Lassus|LASSO]] [[Domenico Scarlatti|SCARLATTI]] [[Antonio Vivaldi|VIVALDI]] [[Luigi Boccherini|BOCCHERINI]] [[Luigi Cherubini|CHERUBINI]] [[André Grétry|GRETRY]] [[Jean-Baptiste Lully|LULLY]] [[Alexander Borodin|BORODIN]] [[Anton Bruckner|BRUCKNER]] [[Emmanuel Chabrier|CHABRIER]] [[Bedřich Smetana|SMETANA]] [[Paul Dukas|DUKAS]] [[Gabriel Fauré|FAURE]] [[Alexander Glazunov|GLAZUNOV]] [[Ottorino Respighi|RESPIGHI]] [[Albert Roussel|ROUSSEL]] [[Alexander Scriabin|SCRIABIN]] [[Vincenzo Bellini|BELLINI]] [[Gaetano Donizetti|DONIZETTI]] [[Engelbert Humperdinck (composer)|HUMPERDINCK]] [[Ruggero Leoncavallo|LEONCAVALLO]] [[Jules Massenet|MASSENET]] [[Giacomo Meyerbeer|MEYERBEER]] [[Henry F. Gilbert|GILBERT]] [[Charles Tomlinson Griffes|GRIFFES]] [[Henry Kimball Hadley|HADLEY]] [[William Mason (composer)|MASON]] [[Isaac Albeniz|ALBENIZ]] [[Daniel Auber|AUBER]] [[Anton Rubinstein|RUBINSTEIN]] [[Igor Stravinsky|STRAVINSKY]] [[Jean Sibelius|SIBELIUS]] [[Jean-Philippe Rameau|RAMEAU]] [[Henry Purcell|PURCELL]] [[Gustav Mahler|MAHLER]] [[John Philip Sousa|SOUSA]] [[John Knowles Paine|PAINE]]
{{Hidden end}}

==References==
* Martha Burnham Humphrey, ''The Edward Hatch Memorial Shell: Richard Shaw, architect, William R. Barss, acoustic consultant, Maurice Reidy, structural engineer : dedicated July 2, 1940'', published in 1940.
* Jim Vrabel, ''When in Boston: a time line & almanac'', Bostonian Society, Northeastern University Press, 2004, page 294.
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Hatch Shell}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090626195051/http://www.mass.gov/dcr/hatch_events.htm Official site]
* [http://www.hatchshell.com/ Fan site]

{{Charles River Esplanade}}

[[Category:1928 establishments in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Art Deco architecture in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Boston]]
[[Category:Charles River Esplanade]]
[[Category:Culture of Boston]]
[[Category:Landmarks in Back Bay, Boston]]
[[Category:Amphitheaters in the United States]]
[[Category:Music venues completed in 1928]]
[[Category:Music venues completed in 1940]]
[[Category:Music venues in Boston]]
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