Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Havryil Kolenda

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia (1665–1674)}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
|name = Havryil Kolenda
|image =Haŭryła Kalenda. Гаўрыла Календа (XVIII).jpg
|church = [[Ruthenian Uniate Church]] 
|archbishop_of = [[List of Major Archbishops of Kiev–Galicia|Metropolitan of Kiev]]
|ordination=28 March 1633 ([[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|Priest]])
|consecration = 1652 ([[Bishop (Catholic Church)|Bishop]])
|consecrated_by=[[Antin Sielava]]
|appointed=22 April 1665
|ended=11 February 1674
|predecessor = [[Antin Sielava]]
|successor= [[Kyprian Zochovskyj]]
|birth_date=1606
|death_date ={{BirthDeathAge||1606|||1674|2|11|yes}}
}}

'''Yuri Havryil Kolenda''' ({{lang-uk|Юрі Гавриїл Коленда}}, {{lang-be|Гаўрыла Календа}}, {{lang-pl|Gabriel Kolenda}}) (1606—1674) was the "[[Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia (Ruthenian Uniate Church)|Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia]]"{{efn|The title is also known as the '''Metropolis of Kiev, Halych and all Rus'''' or '''Metropolis of Kyiv, Halychyna, and All-Rus''''. The name "[[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]]" is a [[Latinized name|Latinized form]] of [[Principality of Halych|Halych]], one of several regional principalities of the medieval state of [[Kievan Rus']].}} in the [[Ruthenian Uniate Church]] — a ''[[sui juris]]'' [[Eastern Catholic churches|Eastern Catholic Church]] in [[full communion]] with the [[Holy See]]. He reigned from 1665 to his death in 1674 having served as administrator of the metropolis from 1655.

==Early life==
Yuri Kolenda was born about 1606 in the [[Vilnius Voivodeship]]. In 1624, he entered in the [[Order of Saint Basil the Great]] taking the religious name of Havryil (Gabriel).{{r|іваненко|page1=132}} He passed his [[novitiate]] in the monastery of Byten.<ref>{{lang-be|Быцень}} [[:be-x-old:Быцень|Быцень]], in [[Ivatsevichy Raion]]</ref> After the novitiate, in 1627 he was sent to study in [[Braniewo]] where he remained till 1630. He returned in [[Vilnius]] where he continued his studies, and on 28 March 1633 he was ordained a [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priest]].{{r|іваненко|page1=132}} He later studied in [[Vienna]], and then at the [[Roman Colleges#Collegio Greco|Greek College in Rome]] from 1 December 1636 to 24 November 1639.{{r|PGCR}}

Returning to [[Lithuania]], in 1640 Kolenda became the deputy of the Archbishop of [[Polotsk]], [[Antin Sielava]], who in 1641 became the Metropolitan of Kiev and head of the Church.{{r|EP}}

==Under the Cossacks wars==
After 1648, the political situation in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] underwent years of crisis. A parallel metropolis was erected in 1620 — the [[Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia]] — for those faithful of the Commonwealth who remained loyal to the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]]. The [[Khmelnytsky Uprising]] of 1648 posed a threat to the existence of the Commonwealth. One of the targets of the Cossacks was the liquidation of the Greek-Catholic Church, and this request was considered acceptable by the [[Latin Catholic]] [[Polish people|Poles]] who, after being defeated by the Cossacks, signed the [[Treaty of Zboriv]] in 1649, only the Papal [[nuncio]] and Greek-Catholic bishops being opposed.{{r|Baran|page1=230-1}} The Cossacks army arrived to forcedly abolish the Greek-Catholic [[eparchy]] of [[Chełm]], one of the strongholds of the Greek-Catholic Church.{{r|Senyk}} In September 1651, due to a temporary defeat of the Cossacks, the new [[Treaty of Bila Tserkva]] was signed and it contained no more statements about the liquidation of the Greek-Catholic Church, which was allowed to reenter Chełm and [[Przemyśl]].{{r|іваненко|page1=135}}

In 1652,{{r|HKV}} Havryil Kolenda was consecrated a [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]] with the title of bishop of [[Mstsislaw Voivodeship|Mstsislaw]]{{r|іваненко|page1=135}} by his Metropolitan [[Antin Sielava]]. On 23 June 1563 the [[coadjutor bishop]] of the Metropolitan, Pachomius Oranski bishop of [[Pinsk]], was killed by the Cossacks, and Kolenda was chosen as new coadjutor with the right of succession.{{r|Pelesz}}

After a couple of years of truce, in 1654 the Cossacks allied with the [[Russian tsar]] in the [[Treaty of Pereyaslav]] which led to the [[Russo-Polish War (1654-1667)]], besides the [[Second Northern War]] (1655–60) with the invasion from [[Sweden]]. These wars led to a period of mass murders and poverty known as the [[Deluge (history)|Deluge]]. The [[Russia]]n army from North, and the Cossacks from South, occupied the territories of the Greek-Catholic Church, and destroyed churches, monasteries, and schools, and killing priests and monks.{{r|Baran|page1=231}}

On 5 October 1655 the Metropolitan of Kiev, Antin Sielava, died. Kolenda succeeded him as Administrator of the Greek-Catholic Church but not as Metropolitan, because due to the war it was not possible to convene the electoral synod as requested by [[Holy See|Rome]] or to obtain the appointment from the King, who preferred not to displease the powerful Cossacks.{{r|Senyk}}

In the meantime the wars went on. Kolenda had to flee Polotsk, bringing with him the [[relic]]s of [[Josaphat Kuntsevych|Saint Josaphat]], and he moved to [[Supraśl Lavra]]. The [[Treaty of Hadiach]] of 1658 signed between Poland and the Cossacks foresaw again the liquidation of the Greek-Catholic Church. This treaty was however not fully enforced because of successive divisions among the Cossacks.

==Metropolitan==
The problems for Kolenda's Church in this period came also from the [[Latin Catholic]] bishops of Poland, who tried to persuade Rome to terminate the Greek-Catholic Church and to extend their jurisdiction over the [[Byzantine Rite]] faithful.{{r|Baran|page1=233}}  To obtain some help for his Church, Kolenda sent in 1644 to [[Rome]] the bishop of Chełm, Jacob Souza, who succeeded in convincing the [[papacy]] to take a stand for the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, reaffirming its independence from the Latin episcopate, obtaining the appointment of Kolenda as Metropolitan, confirming the validity of [[ordination]]s made by Orthodox, and ruling about the Basilian Order.{{r|Baran|page1=234}} Thus on 22 April 1665 Havryil Kolenda was formally appointed as Metropolitan of Kiev.{{r|HC4}}

After the [[Truce of Andrusovo]] in 1667 the war ended and the situation of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church improved, even if it had to leave the town of [[Smolensk]] and the capital [[Kiev]]. In 1668, and later in 1669, Kolenda succeeded in obtaining from the [[King of Poland]] the decrees for the restitution of the churches and properties seized during the wars.{{r|іваненко|page1=140}} In 1667 Kolenda became the Proto-[[Archimandrite]] (i.e. [[Superior general]]) of the Basilian Order, ending ten years of disputes about the heading of the order.{{r|Senyk}}

Havryil Kolenda died on 11 February 1674 and was buried on 18 February in the [[Saint Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk]].{{r|іваненко|page1=141}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2|
refs=
<ref name="PGCR">{{cite journal |first=Dmytro |last=Blazejowsky |year=1979 |title=Ukrainian and Bielorussian students at the Pontifical Greek College of Rome|journal=[[Analecta Ordinis S. Basilii Magni]] |issue=Sectio II, vol X (XVI), Fasc 1-4 |page=154 |publisher=sumptibus PP. Basilianorum |location=Rome }}</ref>
<ref name="EP">{{cite book |last=Welykyv |first=Athanasius | title = Epistolae metropolitarum Kioviensium catholicorum Raphaels Korsak, Antonii Sielava, Gabrielis Kolenda | year=1956 |location=Rome |series=[[Analecta Ordinis S. Basilii Magni|Analecta OSBM]]. Serie 2. Sectio 3 |chapter=Gabrielis Kolenda Biographia |pages=310–312 }}</ref> 
<ref name="HKV">{{cite book |first=Dmytro |last=Blazejowsky |title=Hierarchy of the Kyivan Church (861-1990)| year=1990 |location=Rome | pages=251, 282}}</ref> 
<ref name="Senyk">{{cite journal |first=Sophia |last=Senyk |year=1996 |title=The Ukrainian Church in the seventeenth century |journal=[[Analecta Ordinis S. Basilii Magni]] |issue=Sectio II, vol XV (XXI), Fasc 1-4 |publisher=sumptibus PP. Basilianorum |location=Rome |pages=358–9}}</ref>
<ref name="Baran">{{cite book |last=Baran |first=Alexander |editor=Metzler J. |title=Sacrae Congregationis de Propaganda Fide Memoria Rerum |volume=I/2 |year=1971 |publisher=Herder |chapter=Propaganda's concern for the Church in Ukraine and Bielorussia}}</ref>
<ref name="іваненко">{{cite journal |first=с.і. |last=іваненко-коленда |year=2006 |title=митрополит київський, галицький та всієї русі гавриїл коленда  |journal=Український історичний журнал |issue=5 |pages=131–144 }}</ref>
<ref name="Pelesz">{{cite book |last=Pelesz |first=Julian | title = Geschichte der Union der ruthenischen Kirche mit Rom | year=1881 |publisher=Woerl | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29UCAAAAQAAJ | pages=237}}</ref> 
<ref name="HC4">{{cite encyclopedia |author=Patritium Gauchat|encyclopedia=Hierarchia catholica Medii aevi sive summorum pontificum, S.R.E. cardinalium, ecclesiarum antistitum series| volume=4| pages=150| location=Regensburg| year=1935}}</ref>
}}

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{{s-rel| [[Ruthenian Uniate Church|Ruthenian Uniate Church titles]]}}
{{succession box| before= | title=Archimandrite of [[Supraśl Orthodox Monastery|Supraśl Monastery]] | years=1655 – 1674 | after= }}
{{succession box| before=Nikifor Losovski | title=Archbishop of Polotsk | years=1655 – 1674 | after=[[Kyprian Zochovskyj|Kyprian Zhokhovski]] }}
{{succession box| before=[[Antin Sielava|Antoniy Sielava]] | title=[[Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia (Ruthenian Uniate Church)|Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia]]| years=1665 – 1674<br>{{small|([[locum tenens]] since 1655)}} | after=[[Kyprian Zochovskyj|Kyprian Zhokhovski]] }}
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{{Russian (Ruthenian) Orthodox Church (Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople)}}
{{Leaders of Ruthenian Uniate Church}}
{{Protoarchimandrites of the Order of Saint Basil the Great}}
{{Uniate Bishops of Polotsk Eparchy}}
{{Commons category |Gabriel Kolenda|Havryil Kolenda|position=left}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kolenda, Havryil}}
[[Category:1606 births]]
[[Category:1674 deaths]]
[[Category:Ruthenian nobility of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
[[Category:Clergy from Vilnius]]
[[Category:People from Vilnius Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Order of Saint Basil the Great]]
[[Category:Metropolitans of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia (Holy See)]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Polotsk (Ruthenian Uniate Church)]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Ruthenian Uniate Church]]
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