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{{Short description|State education agency}}
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{{More citations needed|date=October 2009}}
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[[File:Queen-Liliuokalani-building.JPG|thumb|Queen Liliuokalani Building, 1390 Miller St, Honolulu, HI 96813]]
{{Education in the U.S.}}
The '''Hawaii State Department of Education''' ('''HIDOE''') is a statewide public education system in the [[United States]]. The school district can be thought of as analogous to the school districts of other cities and communities in the United States, but in some manners can also be thought of as analogous to the state education agencies of other states. As the official [[state education agency]], the Hawai{{okina}}i State Department of Education oversees all 258 public schools and 37 charter schools and over 13,000 teachers in the [[Hawaii|State of Hawai{{okina}}i]], serving approximately 167,649 students statewide (School Year 2023-24).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hawaii DOE {{!}} Media Kit |url=https://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/ConnectWithUs/MediaRoom/MediaKit/Pages/home.aspx |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=www.hawaiipublicschools.org}}</ref> 

The HIDOE is currently headed by Superintendent Keith Hayashi (since July 1, 2022).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/ConnectWithUs/MediaRoom/PressReleases/Pages/Board-hires-keith-hayashi-as-superintendent.aspx|title=Hawaii BOE selects Keith Hayashi as superintendent|website=hawaiipublicschools.org|date=2022-05-19|access-date=2022-02-15}}</ref> The department is headquartered in the Queen Liliuokalani Building in [[Honolulu|Honolulu CDP]], [[City and County of Honolulu]] on the island of [[Oahu]].<ref>[http://doe.k12.hi.us/index.html Home Page]. ''Hawai'i Department of Education''. Retrieved August 31, 2008. "Physical address: 1390 Miller St, Honolulu, HI 96813"</ref><ref>"[http://doe.k12.hi.us/humanresources/contact_us.html Office of Human Resources]." Hawaii Department of Education. July 6, 2013. "Queen Liliuokalani Building 1390 Miller Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 "</ref>

Hawaii is the only state in the nation that does not use property tax revenue to fund public education; instead, most of HIDOE's budget is funded from the state general fund which includes revenue from the general excise tax and income taxes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-21 |title=The Bottom Line: How the Hawai‘i DOE Gets and Spends its Money |url=https://www.honolulumagazine.com/the-bottom-line-how-the-hawaii-doe-gets-and-spends-its-money/ |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=Honolulu Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
[[Kamehameha III]] established Hawaii's first public education system on October 15, 1840.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hawaii DOE {{!}} Media Kit |url=https://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/ConnectWithUs/MediaRoom/MediaKit/Pages/home.aspx |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=www.hawaiipublicschools.org}}</ref> This makes the Hawai{{okina}}i State Department of Education the oldest school system in the US west of the [[Mississippi River]], and the only system established by a [[Kingdom of Hawaii|sovereign monarch]]. This date denotes when the constitution came into effect, codifying the new ministry of education. The regent of Kamehameha III, [[Queen Emma of Hawaii|Queen Emma]], had ordered the establishment of free public schools in all districts in 1834 and this was done by 1836.

==Board of education==
The board of education members are appointed by the governor of Hawaii with the advice and consent of the [[Hawaii Senate|Hawaii State Senate]]. This is in contrast to most other school districts in the United States which are directly elected.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} Hawaii previously had an elected school board from 1966 until 2010 when voters decided to switch back to an appointed state school board.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harlow |first=Casey |date=2022-11-10 |title=The state Board of Education is appointed. It used to be elected. Is one way better? |url=https://www.hawaiipublicradio.org/local-news/2022-11-10/hawaii-board-of-education-appointed-elected-which-is-better |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=Hawai'i Public Radio |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vorsino |first=Mary |date=2010-10-17 |title=BOE: Elected or appointed? |url=https://www.staradvertiser.com/2010/10/17/hawaii-news/boe-elected-or-appointed/ |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=Honolulu Star-Advertiser |language=en-US}}</ref> Members are appointed for three-year terms for a maximum of three terms.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-22|title=Current Board of Education Member May Not Be Renominated|url=https://www.civilbeat.org/2020/05/current-board-of-education-member-may-not-be-renominated/|access-date=2020-07-03|website=Honolulu Civil Beat|language=en}}</ref>

The Board of Education is empowered by the State Constitution (Article X, Section 3<ref>{{cite web |title=Hawai`i State Constitution - Article 10 |url=http://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart10.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030174656/http://hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart10.html |archive-date=2008-10-30 |access-date=2008-11-06 |publisher=Hawaii.gov}}</ref>) to formulate statewide education policy. The Board also has the power to appoint the Superintendent of Education, the [[Hawaii State Public Library System|State Librarian]], and members of the State Public Charter School Commission.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About the Board of Education |url=https://boe.hawaii.gov/About/Pages/AboutUs.aspx |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=boe.hawaii.gov}}</ref>

There are nine voting members:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members |url=https://boe.hawaii.gov/About/Members/Pages/Members.aspx |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=boe.hawaii.gov}}</ref>
* (1) Chairperson, At Large
* (2) Members, At-Large
* (3) Members, City and County of Honolulu
* (1) Member, Hawai'i County
* (1) Member, Kaua'i County
* (1) Member, Maui County

The board also includes a non-voting public high school [[Hawaii State Student Council|student member]] and a non-voting military representative, for a total of eleven members.<ref>"[http://www.hawaiiboe.net/About/Members/Pages/MarkDannog.aspx Mark Dannog]." Hawai'i Department of Education. Retrieved on April 6, 2011.</ref><ref>"[http://www.hawaiiboe.net/About/Members/Pages/MilitaryLiaison.aspx Military Liaison]." Hawai'i Department of Education. Retrieved on April 6, 2011.</ref><ref name=":0" />

The State Department of Education currently carries suggested benchmarks for each educational grade and subject which are available on its website. However, a law creating a standard state public school curriculum, the first of its kind in Hawaii, did not pass during the 2006 legislative session.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}

==Relevant debates==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2009}}
Probably the most current and controversial debate over Hawai{{okina}}i school reform has to do with the structure of the State Department of Education: specifically, whether it should remain centralized or be broken into smaller districts.  The main rationale usually given for the current centralized model is equity in distribution of resources:  all schools are theoretically funded from the same pool of money on an equitable basis.  (Most schools on the U.S. Mainland are organized into school districts funded from local property taxes; thus more affluent school districts theoretically receive more money and resources than less affluent areas.)  Supporters of decentralization see it as a means of moving decision-making closer to the classroom, and thus achieving better student performance.

The debate divides roughly along party lines, with [[United States Republican Party|Republican]]s generally supporting decentralization and the [[United States Democratic Party|Democrat]]s supporting the centralized status quo.  In 2002, Republican Governor [[Linda Lingle]] ran on a campaign to reorganize the Hawai{{okina}}i State Department of Education into smaller school districts that were localed modeled after a system found in [[Canada]].  The Democrat-controlled Hawai{{okina}}i State Legislature, however, voted not to enact this plan in 2003 and 2004.

In October 2009, the Hawai{{okina}}i Department of Education agreed to a furlough program for Hawai{{okina}}i's public schools that reduced the number of instructional days by 17 days to a total of 163 days.  This is the smallest number of instructional days anywhere in the United States.

==Structure==
The statewide system is divided into seven Districts, with each District subdivided into Complex Areas; each Complex Area including at least one Complex; and each Complex comprising high schools and the middle and elementary schools that feed into them. These are the Districts and Complex Areas:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hawaii DOE {{!}} Complex Area directory |url=https://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/ConnectWithUs/Organization/Offices/Superintendent/ComplexAreas/Pages/default.aspx |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=www.hawaiipublicschools.org}}</ref>

*<u>Honolulu District:</u>
**[[Farrington-Kaiser-Kalani Complex Area]] 
**[[Kaimuki-McKinley-Roosevelt Complex Area]] 

*<u>Central District:</u>
**Aiea-Moanalua-Radford Complex Area
**Leilehua-Mililani-Waialua Complex Area
*<u>Leeward District:</u>
**Campbell-Kapolei Complex Area
**Pearl City-Waipahu Complex Area
**Nanakuli-Waianae Complex Area
*<u>Windward District:</u>
**Castle-Kahuku Complex Area
**Kailua-Kalaheo Complex Area
*<u>Hawaii District:</u>
**Hilo-Waiakea Complex Area
**Kau-Keaau-Pahoa Complex Area
**Honokaa-Kealakehe-Kohala-Konawaena Complex Area
*<u>Maui District:</u>
**Baldwin-Kekaulike-Kulanihakoi-Maui Complex Area
**Hana-Lahainaluna-Lanai-Molokai Complex Area
*<u>Kauai District:</u>
**Kapaa-Kauai-Waimea Complex Area

==Schools==

===Public high schools===
{{Main|List of high schools in Hawaii}}

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!City !! Schools
|-
|Honolulu CDP || 8
|-
|Greater O{{okina}}ahu || 15
|-
|Ni{{okina}}ihau || 1
|-
|Kaua{{okina}}i || 3
|-
|Moloka{{okina}}i || 1
|-
|Lāna{{okina}}i || 1
|-
|Maui || 5
|-
|Big Island || 11
|}

===Public middle schools===
{{Main|List of middle schools in Hawaii}}

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!City !! Schools
|-
|Honolulu CDP || 24
|-
|Greater O{{okina}}ahu || 17
|-
|Ni{{okina}}ihau || 1
|-
|Kaua{{okina}}i || 3
|-
|Moloka{{okina}}i || 1
|-
|Lāna{{okina}}i || 1
|-
|Maui || 6
|-
|Big Island || 18
|}

===Public elementary schools===
{{Main|List of elementary schools in Hawaii}}

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!City !! Schools
|-
|Honolulu CDP || 55
|-
|Greater O{{okina}}ahu || 76
|-
|Ni{{okina}}ihau || 1
|-
|Kaua{{okina}}i || 13
|-
|Moloka{{okina}}i || 4
|-
|Lāna{{okina}}i || 1
|-
|Maui || 17
|-
|Big Island || 37
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Hawaii|Schools|Education}}
* [[State education agency]]
* [[Hawaii State Student Council]]
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Hawaii Department of Education}}
*[http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org Hawai{{okina}}i State Department of Education]<!--Old website URLs are for historic info-->
*{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/*/http://doe.k12.hi.us/|title=Hawai{{okina}}i State Department of Education (doe.k12.hi.us)}}
*{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/*/http://www.k12.hi.us/|title=Hawai{{okina}}i State Department of Education (k12.hi.us)}}
<!--the earliest capture of https://web.archive.org/web/19970227214523/http://www.doe.hawaii.edu/ goes to a page notice saying the content moved-->
*[http://www.nhec.org Native Hawaiian Education Council]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070124182820/http://www.hawaiialumni.com/ Hawai{{okina}}i Official list of public school alumni sites in Hawaii]
{{K-12 Education agencies in the US}}
{{United States school districts}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hawai'i Department Of Education}}
[[Category:School districts in Hawaii|Hawaii]]
[[Category:State departments of education of the United States|Hawaii]]
[[Category:State agencies of Hawaii|Education]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1840]]
[[Category:1840 establishments in Hawaii]]
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