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{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|Public university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany}}
{{about|the university in Germany|the university in Ohio|Heidelberg University (Ohio)}}
{{merge from|Heidelberg University Faculty of Theology|discuss=Talk:Heidelberg University Faculty of Theology#Merge proposal|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox university
 | name                   = Heidelberg University
 | native_name            = {{lang|de|Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg}}
 | native_name_lang       = de
 | image                  = Logo University of Heidelberg.svg
 | image_size             = 215px
 | caption                = [[Seal (emblem)|Seal]] of the {{lang|la|Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis}}
 | motto                  = ''{{lang|la|Semper apertus}}'' ([[Latin]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/university/profile/mission.html |title=Mission Statement |website=uni-heidelberg.de |access-date=13 April 2017 |archive-date=17 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517114554/https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/university/profile/mission.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | mottoeng               = Always open
 | logo                   = Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Logo.svg
 | established            = {{start date and age|18 October 1386}}
 | type                   = [[Public University|Public]]
 | budget                 = €764.9 million (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/universitaet/statistik/finanzen.html |title=Daten und Fakten – Finanzen |publisher=Universität Heidelberg |access-date=26 March 2020 |archive-date=29 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029232654/https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/universitaet/statistik/finanzen.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | chancellor             = [[:de:Holger Schroeter|Holger Schroeter]]
 | president              = Frauke Melchior
 | students               = 28,653 <small>(WS2019/20)</small><ref name="studentenstatistik">{{cite web |url=https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/de/universitaet/daten-fakten/studierende-wissenschaftlicher-nachwuchs |title=Kennzahlen Studium – Studierende und Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs |publisher=Universität Heidelberg |access-date=26 March 2020 |archive-date=26 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326203532/https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/de/universitaet/daten-fakten/studierende-wissenschaftlicher-nachwuchs |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | undergrad              = 15,289<ref name="uni-heidelberg.de">{{cite web |url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/md/studium/download/ws1213_www.pdf |title=Studierendenstatistik WS 2012/2013 |language=de |website=www.uni-heidelberg.de |access-date=2 December 2013 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131125223/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/md/studium/download/ws1213_www.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | postgrad               = 11,871<ref name="uni-heidelberg.de"/>
 | doctoral               = 3,024<ref name="uni-heidelberg.de"/>
 | city                   = [[Heidelberg]]
 | state                  = [[Baden-Württemberg]]
 | country                = Germany
 | coordinates            = {{coord|49|24|37|N|8|42|23|E|display=title|type:edu}}
 | campus                 = Urban/University town and suburban
 | website                = {{Official URL}}
 | footnotes              = Data {{As of|2013|lc=on}}
 | administrative_staff   = 8,397<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/universitaet/statistik/personal.html |title=Daten und Fakten – Personal |publisher=Universität Heidelberg |access-date=26 March 2020 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200244/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/universitaet/statistik/personal.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | affiliations           = [[German Universities Excellence Initiative]], [[League of European Research Universities|LERU]], [[Coimbra Group]], [[U15 (German Universities)|U15]], [[European University Association|EUA]]
 | colors                 = Sandstone red and gold<br />{{color box|#960018}} {{color box|#CFB53B}}
}}
'''Heidelberg University''', officially the '''Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg''' ({{lang-de|link=no|Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg}}; {{lang-la|Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis}}), is a [[public university|public]] [[research university]] in [[Heidelberg]], Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Founded in 1386 on instruction of [[Pope Urban VI]], Heidelberg is [[List of universities in Germany#Universities by years of existence|Germany's oldest university]] and one of the [[List of oldest universities in continuous operation|world's oldest surviving universities]]; it was the third university established in the [[Holy Roman Empire]] after [[University of Vienna|Vienna]] and [[Charles University|Prague]]. Since 1899, it has been a coeducational institution. 

Heidelberg is one of the most prestigious universities in Germany<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.spiegel.de/lebenundlernen/uni/elite-uni-heidelberg-der-stolz-der-alten-dame-a-512536.html |title= Elite-Uni Heidelberg: Der Stolz der alten Dame |work= Der Spiegel |date= 20 October 2007 |last1= Schönmann |first1= Jochen |access-date= 11 December 2022 |archive-date= 11 December 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221211113352/https://www.spiegel.de/lebenundlernen/uni/elite-uni-heidelberg-der-stolz-der-alten-dame-a-512536.html |url-status= live }}</ref> and the world.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2022/reputation-ranking |title= World Reputation Ranking 2022 |work= Times Higher Education |date= 2022 }}</ref> It is a [[German Excellence Universities|German Excellence University]], part of the [[U15 (German universities)|U15]], as well as a founding member of the [[League of European Research Universities]] and the [[Coimbra Group]]. The university consists of twelve [[Faculty (division)|faculties]] and offers degree programmes at undergraduate, [[graduate education|graduate]] and [[habilitation|postdoctoral]] levels in some 100 disciplines.<ref>The university does not include departments of [[business administration|business]], visual arts, and engineering, except for computer engineering. For a list of subjects offered see {{cite web |url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/studium/interesse/faecher/index.html |title=Subjects offered at Heidelberg University |access-date=2 October 2010 |work=Heidelberg University |language=de |archive-date=27 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927185459/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/studium/interesse/faecher/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The language of instruction is usually German, while a considerable number of graduate degrees are offered in English as well as some in French.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/courses/prospective/academicprograms/index.html |title=List of courses on offer at Heidelberg University |access-date=21 July 2016 |work=Heidelberg University |archive-date=17 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917220054/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/courses/prospective/academicprograms/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.heipar.eu/de/uber-uns/ | title=Über uns – HEIPAR e. V | access-date=17 December 2019 | archive-date=26 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926045643/https://www.heipar.eu/de/uber-uns/ | url-status=live }}</ref> 

{{As of|2021|post=,}} 57 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the city of Heidelberg and 33 with the university itself.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/en/university/history/heidelberg-university-nobel-laureates|title=Nobel Laureates affiliated with Heidelberg University – Heidelberg University|last=Watzke|first=Christian|website=www.uni-heidelberg.de|language=en|access-date=17 March 2018|archive-date=10 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110003536/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/md/zentral/universitaet/geschichte/hd_nobelpreis_gb_2010.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Modern scientific [[psychiatry]], [[psychopharmacology]],  [[experimental psychology]], [[psychiatric genetics]], [[Mathematical statistics]],<ref name="Burgmair 2000–2008">{{cite book|title=Emil Kraepelin. 7 vols.|last=Burgmair|first=Wolfgang|publisher=Belleville|year=2000–2008|isbn=978-3-933510-94-5|volume=V: Kraepelin in Heidelberg, 1891–1903 (2005)|location=Munich|display-authors=etal|author2=Eric J. Engstrom|author3=Matthias Weber}}</ref> environmental [[physics]],<ref name="Physics">{{cite web|url=http://www.physik.uni-heidelberg.de/|title=Department of Physics and Astronomy|publisher=Heidelberg University|access-date=26 September 2010|archive-date=23 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923001420/http://www.physik.uni-heidelberg.de/|url-status=live}}</ref> and modern sociology<ref name="Google Books, p.24">{{Cite book|last=Petersen|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHlTJ6HbY50C&pg=PA29|title=Against the Stream: Reflections of an Unconventional Demographer|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-1666-3|page=24}}</ref> were introduced as scientific disciplines by Heidelberg students or faculty. Approximately 1,000 doctorates are completed every year, with more than one third of the doctoral students coming from abroad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://graduateacademy.uni-heidelberg.de/graduate_academy.html|title=Graduate Academy of the University of Heidelberg |access-date=16 May 2008 |work=Heidelberg University Homepage |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071215155208/http://graduateacademy.uni-heidelberg.de/graduate_academy.html  |archive-date = 15 December 2007}}</ref><ref name="Eitel1">{{cite web |url=http://www.rnz.de/zusammenrnm/00_20080407090100_Vorstoss_in_die_internationale_Dimension.html|title=Interview with Rector Bernhard Eitel – Vorstoss in die internationale Dimension |access-date=16 May 2008 |work=Rhein Neckar Zeitung online |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080411233124/http://www.rnz.de/zusammenrnm/00_20080407090100_Vorstoss_in_die_internationale_Dimension.html  |archive-date = 11 April 2008}}</ref> [[International student]]s from some 130 countries account for more than 20 percent of the entire student body.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/press/news/press321_e.html|title=Heidelberg Research Magazine Ruperto Carola 1/2004|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Heidelberg University Homepage|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192058/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/press/news/press321_e.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
{{main|History of Heidelberg University}}

===Founding===
[[File:Ruprecht I mit Frauen.jpg|thumb|In 1386, Heidelberg University was founded by [[Rupert I, Elector Palatine|Rupert I]] on instruction of [[Pope Urban VI]] who demanded modelling it after the ancient [[University of Paris]].]]

The [[Western Schism|Great Schism]] of 1378 made it possible for Heidelberg, a relatively small city and capital of the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]], to gain its own university.<ref name="Cser31">{{harvnb|Cser|2007|page=31}}</ref> The Great Schism was initiated by the election of two popes after the death of [[Pope Gregory XI]] in the same year.<ref name="Cser31" /> One successor resided in [[Avignon]] (elected by the French) and the other in Rome (elected by the Italian cardinals).<ref name="Cser31" /> The German secular and spiritual leaders voiced their support for the successor in Rome, which had far-reaching consequences for the German students and teachers in Paris: they lost their stipends and had to leave.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolgast|1986|page=1–2}}</ref>

[[Rupert I, Elector Palatine of the Rhine|Rupert I]] recognized the opportunity and initiated talks with the [[Roman Curia|Curia]], which ultimately led to a [[papal bull]] for foundation of a university. After having received, on 23 October 1385, permission from pope [[Urban VI]] to create a school of general studies ({{lang-la|studium generale}}), the final decision to found the university was taken on 26 June 1386 at the behest of [[Rupert I, Elector Palatine of the Rhine|Rupert I]], [[Count Palatine of the Rhine]].<ref name="Wolgast3">{{harvnb|Wolgast|1986|page=3}}</ref> As specified in the papal charter, the university was modelled after the [[University of Paris]] and included four faculties: philosophy, theology, [[jurisprudence]], and medicine.<ref name="Hermans2005">{{cite book|title=Charters of Foundation and Early Documents of the Universities of the Coimbra Group|series=Varia Letteren| editor-first1=Jos. M. M. |editor-last1=Hermans |editor-first2=Marc |editor-last2=Nelissen |edition=2 |publisher=Leuven University Press|year=2005 |isbn=978-90-5867-474-6 |pages=56–57}}</ref>

On 18 October 1386 a special [[Pontifical High Mass]] in the ''[[Church of the Holy Spirit (Heidelberg)|Heiliggeistkirche]]'' was the ceremony that established the university.<ref name="Wolgast3"/> On 19 October 1386 the first lecture was held,<ref name="Wolgast3"/> making Heidelberg the [[List of oldest universities in continuous operation|oldest university in Germany]].<ref>{{harvnb|Wolgast|1986|page=1}}</ref> In November 1386, [[Marsilius of Inghen]] was elected first [[Rector (academia)|rector]] of the university.<ref name="Cser39">{{harvnb|Cser|2007|page=39}}</ref> The rector seal motto was ''semper apertus''—i.e., "the book of learning is always open."<ref>{{harvnb|Wolgast|1986|page=5–6}}</ref> The university grew quickly and in March 1390, 185 students were enrolled at the university.<ref>{{harvnb|Cser|2007|page=40}}</ref>

[[File:2013.10.01.111339 Alte Brücke Heiliggeistkirche View City Heidelberg.jpg|thumb|A [[Solemn Mass]] was offered in the ''[[Church of the Holy Spirit (Heidelberg)|Heiliggeistkirche]]'' in 1386 to mark and bless the establishment of the university.]]

===Late Middle Ages===
Between 1414 and 1418, theology and jurisprudence professors of the university took part in the [[Council of Constance]] and acted as counselors for [[Louis III, Elector Palatine|Louis III]], who attended this council as representative of the emperor and chief magistrate of the realm. This resulted in establishing a good reputation for the university and its professors.<ref>{{harvnb|Cser|2007|p=43}}</ref>

Due to the influence of Marsilius, the university initially taught the [[nominalism]] or ''via moderna''. In 1412, both realism and the teachings of [[John Wycliffe]] were forbidden at the university but later, around 1454, the university decided that [[Philosophical realism|realism]] or ''via antique'' would also be taught, thus introducing two parallel ways ({{lang|la|ambae viae}}).<ref name="Gabriel1974">{{harvnb|Gabriel|1974|pages = 459–61}}</ref>

The transition from [[Scholasticism|scholastic]] to [[humanistic]] culture was effected by the chancellor and bishop [[Johann von Dalberg]] in the late 15th century. Humanism was represented at Heidelberg University particularly by the founder of the older German Humanistic School [[Rudolph Agricola]], [[Conrad Celtes]], [[Jakob Wimpfeling]], and [[Johann Reuchlin]]. [[Pope Pius II|Æneas Silvius Piccolomini]] was chancellor of the university in his capacity as provost of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]], and later always favored it with his friendship and good-will as [[Pope Pius II]]. In 1482, [[Pope Sixtus IV]] permitted laymen and married men to be appointed professors in the ordinary of medicine through a papal dispensation. In 1553, [[Pope Julius III]] sanctioned the allotment of ecclesiastical benefices to secular professors.<ref name="catholic1">{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=5611|title=Heidelberg University – Catholic Encyclopedia|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Catholic Online|archive-date=9 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909010059/http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=5611|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Reformation and modern era ===
[[Martin Luther]]'s [[Heidelberg Disputation|disputation at Heidelberg in April 1518]] made a lasting impact, and his adherents among the masters and scholars soon became leading [[Protestant Reformation|Reformationists]] in Southwest Germany. With the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] turn to the Reformed faith, [[Otto Henry, Elector Palatine]], converted the university into a [[calvinism|calvinistic]] institution. In 1563, the [[Heidelberg Catechism]] was created under collaboration of members of the university's divinity school.

As the 16th century was passing, the late [[humanism]] stepped beside [[Calvinism]] as a predominant school of thought; and figures like [[Paul Schede]], [[Jan Gruter]], [[Martin Opitz]], and [[Matthäus Merian]] taught at the university. It attracted scholars from all over the continent and developed into a [[culture|cultural]] and [[academia|academic]] center.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{harvnb|Cser|2007|p={{Page needed|date=November 2010}}}}</ref> However, with the beginning of the [[Thirty Years' War]] in 1618, the intellectual and [[revenue|fiscal]] wealth of the university declined. In 1622, the then-world-famous [[Bibliotheca Palatina]] (the library of the university) was stolen from the [[Heiliggeistkirche|University Cathedral]] and taken to Rome. The reconstruction efforts thereafter were defeated by the troops of King [[Louis XIV]], who destroyed Heidelberg in 1693 almost completely.<ref name="histu">{{cite web |url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/university/welcome/history.html |title=History of the University |access-date=16 May 2008 |work=Heidelberg University Homepage |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219133606/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/university/welcome/history.html |archive-date=19 December 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sino.uni-heidelberg.de/students/tjuelch/Bauwerke%20Altstadt/Peterskirche.htm|title=A history of the Church of St. Peter|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Heidelberg University Homepage|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102164028/http://www.sino.uni-heidelberg.de/students/tjuelch/Bauwerke%20Altstadt/Peterskirche.htm|archive-date=2 January 2008}}</ref>

As a consequence of the late [[Counter-Reformation]], the university lost its Protestant character, and was channeled by [[Jesuits]]. From 1712 to 1728, the Old University was constructed at University Square, then known as Domus Wilhelmina. Through the efforts of the [[Jesuits]] a preparatory seminary was established, the Seminarium ad Carolum Borromæum, whose pupils were also registered in the university. After the suppression of the Jesuit Order, most of the schools they had conducted passed into the hands of the [[Lazarists|French Congregation of Lazarists]] in 1773. They deteriorated from that time forward.

Meanwhile, the university itself continued to lose in prestige until the reign of the last elector [[Charles Theodore, Elector Palatine]], who established new chairs for all the faculties, founded scientific institutes such as the Electoral Academy of Science, and transferred the school of [[political economy]] from Kaiserslautern to Heidelberg, where it was combined with the university as the faculty of political economy. He also founded an [[observatory]] in the neighboring city of [[Mannheim]], where Jesuit [[Christian Mayer (astronomer)|Christian Mayer]] labored as director. In connection with the four hundredth anniversary of the university, the elector approved a revised statute book that several professors had been commissioned to prepare. The financial affairs of the university, its receipts and expenditures, were put in order. At that time, the number of students varied from 300 to 400; in the jubilee year, 133 matriculated.

As a consequence of the disturbances caused by the [[French Revolution]], and particularly because of the [[Treaty of Lunéville]], the university lost all its property on the left bank of the [[Rhine]], so that its complete dissolution was expected.<ref name=catholic>{{cite Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=University of Heidelberg}}</ref>

===19th and early 20th century===
This decline did not stop until 1803, when the university was reestablished as a state-owned institution by [[Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden]], to whom the part of the Palatinate situated on the right bank of the Rhine was allotted. Since then, the university bears his name together with the name of [[Rupert I, Elector Palatine of the Rhine|Ruprecht I]]. Karl Friedrich divided the university into five faculties and placed himself at its head as rector, as did also his successors. During this decade, [[Romanticism]] found expression in Heidelberg through [[Clemens Brentano]], [[Achim von Arnim]], [[Ludwig Tieck]], [[Joseph Görres]], and [[Joseph von Eichendorff]], and there went forth a revival of the German [[Middle Ages]] in speech, poetry, and art.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

[[File:Heidlbergaula.JPG|left|thumb|The Old Assembly Hall or "Great Hall" was redesigned in 1886 in celebration of the university's quincentenary.]]

The German [[Students Association]] exerted great influence, which was at first patriotic and later political. After Romanticism had eventually died out, Heidelberg became a center of Liberalism and the movement in favor of German national unity.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> The historians [[Friedrich Christoph Schlosser]] and [[Georg Gottfried Gervinus]] were the guides of the nation in [[political history]]. The modern scientific schools of medicine and [[natural science]], particularly [[astronomy]], were models in point of construction and equipment, and Heidelberg University was especially noted for its influential law school.<ref name="catholic"/> The university as a whole became the role model for the transformation of American [[liberal arts college]]s into [[research universities]], in particular for the then-newly established [[Johns Hopkins University]].<ref name=atlanticreview>{{cite web|url=http://atlanticreview.org/archives/448-When-German-Universities-Were-Models-for-American-Universities.html|title=When German Universities were Models for American Universities|access-date=10 January 2010|work=atlanticreview.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219185305/http://atlanticreview.org/archives/448-When-German-Universities-Were-Models-for-American-Universities.html|archive-date=19 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Heidelberg's professors were important supporters of the [[Vormärz]] revolution and many of them were members of the first freely elected German parliament, the [[Frankfurt Parliament|Frankfurt Parliament of 1848]]. During the late 19th century, the university housed a very liberal and open-minded spirit, which was deliberately fostered by [[Max Weber]], [[Ernst Troeltsch]] and a circle of colleagues around them.

In February 1900, the [[Grand Duchy of Baden]] issued a decree that gave women the right to access universities in Baden. Thus, the universities of Freiburg and Heidelberg were the first ones to allow [[Women at German universities|women to study]].

In the [[Weimar Republic]], the university was widely recognized as a center of democratic thinking, coined by professors like [[Karl Jaspers]], [[Gustav Radbruch]], [[Martin Dibelius]] and [[Alfred Weber]].<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Unfortunately, there were also dark forces working within the university: [[Nazism|Nazi]] physicist [[Philipp Lenard]] was head of the physical institute during that time. Following the assassination of the liberal German-Jewish [[Foreign Minister]] [[Walther Rathenau]], he refused to [[half mast]] the national flag on the institute, thereby provoking its storming by [[communist]] students.<ref name="histu"/>

[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F079107-0031, Heidelberg, Universität.jpg|thumb|upright|The main entrance of the New University building in 1988, showing the bronze bust of [[Athena]], the Greek goddess of wisdom]]

===Nazi Germany===
{{See also|University education in Nazi Germany}}
After the establishment of [[Nazi Germany]] in 1933, the university supported [[Adolf Hitler]] and the [[Nazi]]s like all other German universities at the time. It dismissed a large number of staff and students for political and racial reasons. Many dissident fellows had to emigrate and most Jewish and [[Communist]] professors who did not leave Germany were deported. At least two professors directly fell victim to Nazi terror.<ref>{{harvnb|Wolgast|1986|p=146}}</ref> On 17 May 1933, members of the university faculty and students took part in [[book burning]]s at ''Universitätsplatz'' ("University Square")<ref>{{harvnb|Cser|2007|p=278}}</ref> and Heidelberg eventually became infamous as a [[NSDAP]] university. The inscription above the main entrance of the New University was changed from "The Living Spirit" to "The German Spirit",<ref>{{harvnb|Cser|2007|p=256}}</ref> and many professors paid homage to the new motto. The university was involved in [[Nazi eugenics]]: forced sterilizations were carried out at the women's clinic and the psychiatric clinic, then directed by [[Carl Schneider]], was involved in [[Action T4]] [[Euthanasia]] program.<ref>{{harvnb|Remy|2002|pp=72–3, 107–10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medizinische-fakultaet-hd.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php?id=109869&L=en|title=History|work=Medizinische Fakultät Heidelberg|access-date=27 October 2010|archive-date=22 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522052941/http://www.medizinische-fakultaet-hd.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php?id=109869&L=en|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The heads of the university helped in the deportation of Jewish men, women and children directly to the gas chambers.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

After the end of World War II, the university underwent an extensive [[denazification]].

===Federal Republic of Germany===
Since Heidelberg was spared from destruction during World War II, the reconstruction of the university was realized rather quickly. With the foundation of the Collegium Academicum, Heidelberg University became the home of Germany's first and, until today, only self-governed student hall. Newly laid statutes obliged the university to "The Living Spirit of Truth, Justice and Humanity".<ref name="histu"/>

During the 1960s and 1970s, the university grew dramatically in size. At this time, it developed into one of the main scenes of the left-wing [[student protests]] in Germany.<ref name="Ruprecht12.7.1995">{{cite web|url=http://mathphys.fsk.uni-heidelberg.de/ruprecht2.html |title=Student protests at Heidelberg |access-date=16 May 2008 |work=Ruprecht online – Heidelberg University Homepage |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215141632/http://mathphys.fsk.uni-heidelberg.de/ruprecht2.html |archive-date=15 February 2009 }} from ''Ruprecht'', issue 37, 12.07.95</ref> In 1975, a massive police force arrested the entire student parliament [[AStA]]. Shortly thereafter, the building of the Collegium Academicum, a progressive college in immediate vicinity to the university's main grounds, was stormed by over 700 police officers and closed once and for all. On the outskirts of the city, in the Neuenheimer Feld area, a large campus for medicine and [[natural sciences]] was constructed.<ref name="histu"/>

Today, about 28,000 students are enrolled for studies at Heidelberg University.<ref name="QS Profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university/heidelberguniversity/|title=QS – Heidelberg University statistics|access-date=2 October 2010|work=QS – Top Universities|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005014556/http://www.topuniversities.com/university/heidelberguniversity|archive-date=5 October 2010}}</ref> There are 4,196 full-time faculty, including 476 university professors.<ref name="Eitel1"/> In 2007, and again in 2012, the university was appointed ''[[German Excellence Universities|University of Excellence]]'' under an initiative started by the [[Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)|Federal Ministry of Education and Research]] and the [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft|German Research Foundation]]. This enhanced the German university system by establishing a small network of exceptionally well-funded universities, which are expected to generate strong international appeal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/press/news/538e.html|title=Press Releases – Rector Prof. Eitel: "An invaluable opportunity to aim at goals that would otherwise have been unattainable."|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Heidelberg University Homepage|archive-date=6 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106170015/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/press/news/538e.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2022, [[Heidelberg University shooting|a mass shooting occurred in the university]], killing a woman and injuring three other people. The gunman then committed suicide.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mutmaßlicher Amoklauf auf Uni-Gelände in Heidelberg: Was wir wissen – und was nicht|trans-title=Suspected killing spree on university grounds in Heidelberg: what we know – and what we don't|url=https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/baden-wuerttemberg/mannheim/polizei-einsatz-heidelberg-neuenheim-100.html|access-date=24 January 2022|website=[[SWR.de]]|language=de|archive-date=15 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415005652/https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/baden-wuerttemberg/mannheim/polizei-einsatz-heidelberg-neuenheim-100.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Campuses==
{{main|Heidelberg}}

{| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#ADD8E0; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 25%;" cellspacing="5"
| style="text-align: left;" |
"I saw Heidelberg on a perfectly clear morning, with a pleasant air both cool and invigorating. The city, just so, with the totality of its ambiance is, one might say, something ideal."
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | — [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~it5/unispiegel/3_99/ideales.htm|title=Goethe citation, Unispiegel 3/99|access-date=20 May 2008|work=Unispiegel Homepage|quote=Ich sah Heidelberg an einem völlig klaren Morgen, der durch eine angenehme Luft zugleich kühl und erquicklich war. Die Stadt in ihrer Lage und mit ihrer ganzen Umgebung hat, man darf sagen, etwas Ideales.|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032326/http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~it5/unispiegel/3_99/ideales.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

Heidelberg is a city with approximately 140,000 inhabitants. It is situated in the [[Rhein-Neckar|Rhine Neckar Triangle]], a [[Largest European cities and metropolitan areas|European metropolitan area]] with approximately 2.4 million people living there, comprising the neighboring cities of [[Heidelberg]], [[Mannheim]], [[Ludwigshafen]], and a number of smaller towns in the perimeter. Heidelberg is known as the cradle of [[Romanticism]], and its old town and [[Heidelberg Castle|castle]] are among the most frequented tourist destinations in Germany. Its pedestrian zone is a shopping and night life magnet for the surrounding area and beyond. Heidelberg is about 40&nbsp;minutes by train away from [[Frankfurt International Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heidelberg.de/servlet/PB/menu/1090707_l2/index.html|title=Heidelberg City Information|access-date=16 May 2008|work=heidelberg.de – City Homepage|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204123535/http://heidelberg.de/servlet/PB/menu/1090707_l2/index.html|archive-date=4 February 2009}}</ref>
Heidelberg University's facilities are, generally speaking, separated in two parts. The faculties and institutes of humanities and social sciences are embedded in the Old Town Campus. The sciences faculties and the medical school, including three large university hospitals, are located on the New Campus in the Neuenheimer Feld on the outskirts of Heidelberg.<ref name="map">{{cite web |url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/univ/besucher/wege.html |title=Maps of Heidelberg University |access-date=16 May 2008 |work=Heidelberg University Homepage |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607004818/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/univ/besucher/wege.html |archive-date=7 June 2008 }}</ref>

===Old Town Campus===
[[File:2005 uni-03.jpg|thumb|left|The New University of 1931 as seen from the Old University]]

The so-called New University is regarded as the center of the Old Town Campus. It is situated at the ''Universitätsplatz'' (University Square) in the pedestrian zone, in direct vicinity to the University Library and to the main administration buildings. The New University was officially opened in 1931. Its erection was largely financed by donations of wealthy American families, in line with a fundraising campaign of [[Jacob Gould Schurman]], an alumnus of Heidelberg University and former [[United States Ambassador to Germany]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/presse/news/2005schurman2.html|title=7. Jacob Gould Schurman Public Lecture at Heidelberg University: "The Idea of the American Century"|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Heidelberg University Homepage|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225065616/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/presse/news/2005schurman2.html|archive-date=25 December 2007}}</ref> It houses the new assembly hall, the largest lecture halls, and a number of smaller seminar rooms, mostly used by faculties of humanities and social sciences. Education in humanities and social sciences takes place to a great extent in buildings spread over the ancient part of town, though most are less than ten minutes walk from University Square. The faculties maintain their own extensive libraries and work spaces for students. Seminars and tutorials are usually held in the faculty buildings.<ref name="map" />

===Neuenheimer Feld – New Campus===
{{Main|New Campus (Heidelberg University)}}

<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Neuenheimer Feld.jpg|thumb|right|Aerial perspective on the New Campus in the Neuenheimer Feld.]] -->

In the 1960s the university started building a new campus near the city district Neuenheim, called the Neuenheimer Feld. It is today the largest part of the university, and the largest campus for natural sciences and life science in Germany.<ref name="Eitel1" /> Almost all science faculties and institutes, the medical school, [[University Hospital Heidelberg]], and the science branch of the University Library are situated on the New Campus. Most of the dormitories and the athletic facilities of the university can be found there as well.

Several independent research institutes, such as the [[German Cancer Research Center]] and two of the [[Max Planck Society|Max-Planck-Institutes]] have settled there. The New Campus is also the seat of several biomedical spin-off companies. The old part of town can be reached by tram and bus in about 10&nbsp;minutes. The Neuenheimer Feld campus has extensive parking lots for faculty and student vehicles for long term and short term parking, as well as visitors and patients of the various university hospitals. The Faculty of Physics and Astronomy is not located on either campus, but on the [[Heidelberg#Philosophers' Walk|Philosophers' Walk]], separated from the Old Town by the River Neckar, and some {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from the New Campus. It also maintains observatory facilities on the [[Königstuhl (Odenwald)|Königstuhl Mountain]].<ref name="map" />

The university maintains [[Botanical Garden of the University of Heidelberg|a botanical garden]] at Neuenheimer Feld.<ref name="BCGI">{{cite web |title=Botanischer Garten der Universität Heidelberg |url=http://www.bgci.org/garden.php?id=101&ftrCountry=DE&ftrKeyword=&ftrBGCImem=&ftrIAReg= |website=www.bgci.org |access-date=9 May 2019 |archive-date=21 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721184721/http://www.bgci.org/garden.php?id=101&ftrCountry=DE&ftrKeyword=&ftrBGCImem=&ftrIAReg= |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Bergheim Campus===
[[File:Heidelberg Haupteingang Ludolf-Krehl-Klink.JPG|thumb|The Bergheim Campus houses Economics and the Social Sciences.]]

The Bergheim Campus is located in the former Ludolf Krehl clinic (named after [[Ludolf von Krehl]]) in the inner-city suburb of [[Heidelberg-Bergheim]]. Since March 2009 it has housed the institutes economics, political science, and sociology (together the Heidelberg University Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences) that formerly resided at the Old Town campus. The Bergheim campus offers one lecture theatre, several seminar rooms, the most modern of the university libraries, and a cafe (rather than the full cafeteria present in the other campuses). Since 2019, the Bergheim Campus has also become the location of the [[:de:Centrum für Asienwissenschaften und Transkulturelle Studien|Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies]] of the Heidelberg University.

===Libraries===
{{main|Heidelberg University Library}}

[[File:Heidelberg Universitätsbibliothek 2003.jpg|left|thumb|The main building of the University Library, built in 1905]]

The University Library is the main library of the university. Together with the branch libraries, serving the faculties and institutes, it forms the integral university library system comprising approximately 6.2 million printed volumes. The University Library's holdings exceeded one million in 1934. Today, it comprises about 3.2 million books, about 500,000 other media such as microfilms and video tapes, as well as 6,000 printed scientific periodicals. Moreover, it has 6,900 manuscripts, 1,800 [[incunabula]], 110,500 [[autographs]], and a collection of old maps, paintings, and photographs. Furthermore, the 38 branch libraries add another 3.0 million printed books. In 2022, 43,600 active users accessed 746,000 books. Additionally, the University Library provides a wide array of online resources, among them 152,000 scientific [[Academic journal#Electronic journals|e-journals]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/Englisch/allg/profil/Zahlengesamt.html|title=The library system of the University of Heidelberg in numbers|access-date=10 March 2023|work=University Library of Heidelberg Homepage|archive-date=3 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203143620/https://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/Englisch/allg/profil/Zahlengesamt.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The origins of today's University Library date back to 1386, the year the university was founded. Surrounding the new university, the libraries of the faculty of the arts, the three higher faculties (theology, law, medicine) and the collegiate library grew. The acquisition of a box of records, which was housed in the [[Heiliggeistkirche]], through the rector, [[Marsilius of Inghen]], in 1388 contributed fundamentally to the development of the library. In the 16th century, [[Otto Henry, Elector Palatine]], combined the miscellaneous book collections accrued since the foundation of the university with the princely library housed in [[Heidelberg Castle]] to form the [[Bibliotheca Palatina]] and made them publicly accessible in the galleries of the [[Heiliggeistkirche]]. Among these collections, inherited records of the Fuggers (Augsburg, Ulrich Fugger the Elder) wereof particular importance. The majority of the library holdings, which enjoyed great contemporary renown, was looted during the [[Thirty Years’ War]], transported to [[Rome]] and was gifted to [[Pope Gregory XV]] by the victorious [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria]] in 1622. After the secularization in 1804, the holdings of the monasteries of Salem and Petershausen formed the foundation of the reconstruction of the library collection in the 19th century. In 1816, 847 German-language manuscripts from the [[Bibliotheca Palatina]] returned to Heidelberg. As part of an exchange, the [[Codex Manesse]], which had ended up in the Royal Library in Paris, followed in 1888. [[Karl Zangemeister]] (1837–1902) became the first full-time head of the university library in 1912. Based on the designs of architect Joseph Durum, a dedicated library building, a richly ornamented, four-winged red sandstone construction, was erected from 1901 to 1905. In 1978, a branch library opened in the Neuenheimer Feld, serving the institutes of natural sciences and medicine.

Since 2021, all manuscripts of the [[Bibliotheca Palatina]] are accessible digitally online (848 German-language Palatina manuscripts, 2,030 Latin, 423 Greek, 267 Hebrew and 20 manuscripts in other languages).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/de/bpd/index.html|title=Bibliotheca Palatina – digital|access-date=10 March 2023|work=University Library of Heidelberg Homepage|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206145103/https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/de/bpd/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Their digitization was achieved through the cooperation of Heidelberg University Library and the [[Vatican Library]].

The university library expands its publication services: The Heidelberg document server heiDOK is an open access platform for members of the university. The university bibliography heiBIB lists all academic publications by university members. In 2015, Heidelberg University founded the publishing house Heidelberg University Publishing – heiUP, which is part of the university library. The publisher releases quality-controlled scientific publications in open access.

===Facilities abroad===
Heidelberg University founded a [[:es:Heidelberg Center para América Latina|Center for Latin America]] in [[Santiago, Chile]] in 2001.<ref name="center">{{cite web|url=http://www.heidelberg-center.uni-hd.de/english/center.html|title=The Center|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Heidelberg Center for Latin America Homepage|archive-date=10 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910163433/http://www.heidelberg-center.uni-hd.de/english/center.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> It has the task of organizing, managing, and marketing the courses of study maintained either independently by Heidelberg University or in cooperation with the [[Pontifical Catholic University of Chile]] and the [[University of Chile]]. The center has responsibility for programs of [[postgraduate education]]. It also coordinates the activities of Heidelberg University in Latin America, and provides a platform for scientific cooperation.<ref name="center" /> Heidelberg University's [[South Asia Institute (Germany)|South Asia Institute]] maintains branch offices in New Delhi (India)), [[Islamabad]] ([[Pakistan]]), [[Kathmandu]] ([[Nepal]]), and [[Colombo]] ([[Sri Lanka]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Heidelberg South Asia Institute |url=http://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/en/associated_chairs.php |access-date=28 May 2012 |work=Heidelberg University website |archive-date=7 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007202033/http://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/en/associated_chairs.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

The university is also represented by a liaison office in New York. Its main tasks include promoting existing collaborations, building up new networks, creating joint study programs, and maintaining and expanding academic contacts with American universities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.magazine-deutschland.de/en/artikel-en/article/article/die-uni-heidelberg-in-new-york.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804090224/http://www.magazine-deutschland.de/en/artikel-en/article/article/die-uni-heidelberg-in-new-york.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 August 2012|title=Heidelberg University in New York|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Deutschland Magazin.de}}</ref>

=== Museum ===
The university has its own museum, in the main building of the old campus. Visitors are able to view the Great Hall (when not in use), and the former "student jail".<ref name="HU- Museum">{{cite web|title=About the University Museum|url=https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institutions/museums/universitymuseum_about.html|access-date=25 July 2019|publisher=Heidelberg University|archive-date=25 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725154939/https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institutions/museums/universitymuseum_about.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Organization==

===Governance===
The [[Rector (academia)|Rectorate]] is the '[[executive (government)|executive body]]' of the university, headed by rector [[Bernhard Eitel]]. The rectorate consists of the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]], [[:de:Holger Schroeter|Holger Schroeter]], who is the head of the central administration and responsible for the university's budgeting, and three pro-rectors, who are responsible for international relations, teaching and communication, and research and structure respectively.

The [[Senate]] is the '[[legislative branch]]' of the university. The rector and the members of the rectorate are senators ''[[ex officio]]'', as are also the [[Dean (education)|deans]] of the faculties, as well as the medical and managing directors of the [[University Hospital Heidelberg|University Hospital]], and the university's [[Equal opportunity|equal opportunities officer]]. Another 20 senators are elected for four-year terms, within the following quotas: eight university professors; four academic staff; four delegates of the [[student body]]; and four employees of the university administration.

The [[University Council]] is the advisory board to the aforementioned entities and encompasses, among others, the former Israeli Ambassador to Germany [[Avi Primor]], as well as CEOs of German industries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/einrichtungen/organe/index.html|title=Universitätsorgane und Funktionsträger|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Heidelberg University Homepage|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420081519/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/einrichtungen/organe/index.html|archive-date=20 April 2008}}</ref>

===Faculties===
After a 2003 structural reformation, the university consists of 13 [[Faculty (division)|faculties]], which in turn comprise several disciplines, departments, and institutes. As a consequence of the [[Bologna process]], most faculties now offer [[Bachelor's degree|Bachelor's]], [[Master's degree|Master's]], and [[PhD degrees]] to comply with the new European degree standard. Notable exceptions are the undergraduate programs in law, medicine, [[dentistry]] and [[pharmacy]], from which students still graduate with the [[State Examination]], a central examination at Master's level held by the State of Baden-Württemberg.
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Heidelberg University Faculty of Behavioural Sciences and Empirical Cultural Sciences|The Faculty of Behavioural Sciences and Empirical Cultural Sciences]]
* [[Heidelberg University Faculty of Biosciences|The Faculty of Biosciences]]
* [[Heidelberg University Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences|The Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences]]
* The Faculty of Engineering<ref name="University of Heidelberg establishes faculty for engineering sciences">{{cite web |url=https://www.ziti.uni-heidelberg.de/ziti/de/news/598-universitaet-heidelberg-gruendet-fakultaet-fuer-ingeniuerwissenschaften |website=Heidelberg University |title=Universität Heidelberg gründet Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften |access-date=18 February 2023 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218000849/https://www.ziti.uni-heidelberg.de/ziti/de/news/598-universitaet-heidelberg-gruendet-fakultaet-fuer-ingeniuerwissenschaften |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Heidelberg University Faculty of Law|The Faculty of Law]]
* [[Heidelberg University Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science|The Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science]]
* [[Heidelberg University Faculty of Medicine|The Faculty of Medicine]]
* [[Heidelberg University Faculty of Medicine in Mannheim|The Faculty of Medicine in Mannheim]]
* [[Heidelberg University Faculty of Modern Languages|The Faculty of Modern Languages]]
* The Faculty of Philosophy and History
* [[Heidelberg University Faculty of Physics and Astronomy|The Faculty of Physics and Astronomy]]
* [[Heidelberg University Faculty of Theology|The Faculty of Theology]]
* [[The Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences]]{{div col end}}

===Associated institutions===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Network for Research on Ageing
* Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim
* [[Heidelberg Center for American Studies]]
* [[Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research]],
* [[Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl|Heidelberg State Observatory]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=ZAH, Landessternwarte Königstuhl|url=http://www.lsw.uni-heidelberg.de/?lang=en%257Ctitle=ZAH|access-date=11 February 2023|website=www.lsw.uni-heidelberg.de|archive-date=11 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211121158/http://www.lsw.uni-heidelberg.de/?lang=en%257Ctitle=ZAH|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[University Hospital Heidelberg]],
* [[University Hospital Mannheim]]
{{div col end}}

===Partnerships===
The university has partnerships nationally and internationally. In particular, it maintains longstanding collaborations in research and education with the following independent research institutes located in and around Heidelberg:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Center for Jewish Studies Heidelberg]]
* [[European Molecular Biology Laboratory]]
* [[German Cancer Research Center]] ([[Helmholtz Association]])
* [[Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung|Heavy Ion Research Center Darmstadt]] (Helmholtz Association),
* Heidelberg [[School of Education|University of Education]]
* Heidelberg Academy of Sciences
* [[Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe|Karlsruhe Research Center]] (Helmholtz Association)
* [[Max Planck Institute for Astronomy]] ([[Max Planck Society]])
* [[Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law]] (Max Planck Society)
* [[Max Planck Institute for Medical Research]] (Max Planck Society)
* [[Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics]] (Max Planck Society)
{{div col end}}

==Academic profile==

===School statistics===
The university employs more than 15,000 academic staff; most of them are physicians engaged in the [[University Hospital Heidelberg|University Hospital]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/facts/|title=Facts|access-date=18 September 2010|work=Heidelberg University|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819144915/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/facts/|archive-date=19 August 2010}}</ref> As of 2008, the faculty encompasses 4,196 full-time staff, excluding visiting professors as well as [[Postgraduate education|graduate]] [[research assistant|research]] and [[teaching assistant]]s. 673 faculty members have been drawn from abroad. Heidelberg University also attracts more than 500 international scholars as visiting professors each academic year. The university enrols a total of 26,741 students, including 5,118 international students. In addition there are 1,467 international [[exchange student]]s at Heidelberg. 23,636 students pursue taught degrees, 4,114 of whom are international students, and 919 are international exchange students. 3,105 students pursue a [[doctoral degree]], including 1,004 international doctoral students and 15 international [[exchange student]]s. In 2007, the university awarded 994 [[PhD degree]]s.<ref name="QS Profile"/>

===Rankings===
{{Infobox Germany university rankings
| QS = =87
| QS_change = Fall
| QS_N = 3
| QS_N_change = Same position
| QS_year = 2024
| QS_ref = <ref name="QS">{{cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2024|title=QS World University Rankings 2024|access-date=28 June 2023|website=[[QS World University Rankings]]|archive-date=8 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608202054/https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
| THE = 47
| THE_change = Fall
| THE_N = 3
| THE_N_change = Same position
| THE_year = 2024
| THE_ref = <ref name="THE">{{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2024/world-ranking|title=World University Rankings 2023|access-date=12 October 2022|website=[[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]]|date=4 October 2022|archive-date=27 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927173053/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2024/world-ranking|url-status=live}}</ref>
| ARWU = 55
| ARWU_change = Rise
| ARWU_N = 1
| ARWU_N_change = Rise
| ARWU_year = 2023
| ARWU_ref = <ref name="ARWU">{{cite web|url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2023|title=2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities|website=[[Academic Ranking of World Universities]]|access-date=15 August 2023|archive-date=29 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829192323/https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

| QS_Subject1_title = Natural Sciences
| QS_Subject1 = 40
| QS_Subject1_N = 2
| QS_Subject1_year = 2023
| QS_Subject1_ref = <ref name="QSSubject">{{cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/subject-rankings/2022|title=QS World University Rankings by Subject 2023|date=23 March 2023|website=[[QS World University Rankings]]|access-date=10 July 2023|archive-date=26 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026155514/https://www.topuniversities.com/subject-rankings/2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
| THE_Subject1_title = Physical Sciences
| THE_Subject1 = =34
| THE_Subject1_N = 3
| THE_Subject1_year = 2023
| THE_Subject1_ref = <ref name="THESubject">{{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/by-subject|title=World University Rankings by subject|access-date=27 October 2023|website=[[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]]}}</ref>
| QS_Subject2_title = Life Sciences and Medicine
| QS_Subject2 = 39
| QS_Subject2_N = 1
| QS_Subject2_year = 2023
| QS_Subject2_ref = <ref name="QSSubject"/>
| THE_Subject2_title = Life Sciences
| THE_Subject2 = 32
| THE_Subject2_N = 1
| THE_Subject2_year = 2024
| THE_Subject2_ref = <ref name="THESubject"/>
| ARWU_Subject2_title = Clinical Medicine
| ARWU_Subject2 = 17
| ARWU_Subject2_N = 1
| ARWU_Subject2_year = 2023
| ARWU_Subject2_ref = <ref name="ARWUSubject">{{cite web|url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/gras/2023|title=ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2023|website=[[Academic Ranking of World Universities]]|access-date=2023-10-27}}</ref>
}}

The University of Heidelberg has been consistently recognized in global and national [[College and university rankings|university rankings]]. In the 2024 edition of the [[QS World University Rankings]], Heidelberg ranked 87th globally and 3rd in Germany.<ref name="QS"/> According to the 2024 [[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]], the university was ranked 47th in the world and held the position as the 3rd best university in the country.<ref name="THE"/> Moreover, in the 2023 [[Academic Ranking of World Universities|ARWU World Rankings]], Heidelberg secured the 55th position worldwide and was ranked first nationally.<ref name="ARWU"/>

According to the funding report of the [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft|German Research Foundation]] (DFG) of 2018, which breaks down the grants from 2014 to 2016, the Heidelberg University ranked 2nd among German universities in the overall ranking, 7th in [[humanities]] and [[social science]]s and 4th among German universities in the [[List of life sciences|life sciences]] and [[natural science]]s. The approvals were normalised to the size of the university. In a competitive selection process, the DFG selects the best research projects from researchers at universities and research institutes and finances them. The ranking is thus regarded as an indicator of the quality of research.<ref>{{citation|title=Förderatlas 2018|date=18 July 2018|editor-surname1=Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft|periodical=Forschungsberichte|edition=1|location=Weinheim|publisher=Wiley-VCH|language=de|isbn=978-3-527-34520-5}}</ref>

In the [[Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities]] (NTU ranking) 2019, which measures the research outputs of universities, Heidelberg University is ranked 1st in Germany and 5th in Continental Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nturanking.lis.ntu.edu.tw/ranking/OverallRanking/|title=NTU ranking 2019|access-date=4 March 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920113921/http://nturanking.lis.ntu.edu.tw/ranking/OverallRanking/|url-status=dead}}</ref> 

In the [[CWTS Leiden Ranking]] 2019 Heidelberg University is ranked 1st in Germany and 13th in Continental Europe over all sciences according to the scientific impact (number of publications in core journals). According to the indicator "Collaboration", Heidelberg University is 1st in Germany and 10th in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leidenranking.com/ranking/2019/list|title=CWTS Leiden Ranking 2019|access-date=4 March 2020|archive-date=16 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716021252/https://www.leidenranking.com/ranking/2019/list|url-status=live}}</ref> 

Ranked by the number of [[List of Nobel laureates|Nobel Laureates]] affiliated with the university at the time of Nobel Prize announcement, Heidelberg was placed 1st in Germany, 4th in Europe and 13th in the world by 2013.<ref name="Nobel">{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/universities.html|title=Nobel Prizes and Universities|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Nobel Foundation Homepage|archive-date=10 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410035330/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/universities.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the [[University rankings#European Union|Third European Report on Science & Technology Indicators]] compiled by the [[European Commission]], Heidelberg ranked 4th nationally and 9th in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/indicators/docs/3rd_report_snaps10.pdf |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110709061451/ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/indicators/docs/3rd_report_snaps10.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 July 2011 |title=CORDIS: Science and Technology Indicators: Snapshots |access-date=16 May 2008 |work=Third European Report on Science and Technology Indicators}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cordis.europa.eu/indicators/third_report.htm |title=CORDIS: Science and Technology Indicators: full version |access-date=16 May 2008 |work=Third European Report on Science and Technology Indicators |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607150202/http://cordis.europa.eu/indicators/third_report.htm |archive-date=7 June 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The German [[Bertelsmann Foundation|Center for Higher Education Development]] Excellence Ranking 2010, which measures academic performance of European graduate programs in biology, chemistry, economics, mathematics, physics, political sciences, and psychology, placed Heidelberg in the European excellence group for biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, and psychology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.excellenceranking.org/eusid/EUSID|title=CHE ExcellenceRanking 2010|access-date=11 June 2010|format=PDF|work=Center for Higher Education Development Excellence Ranking|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622053638/http://www.excellenceranking.org/eusid/EUSID|archive-date=22 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Measured by the number of top managers in the German economy, Heidelberg University ranked 53rd in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.charly.education/presse/dax-karriere|title=An diesen Unis haben die DAX-Vorstände studiert {{!}} charly.education|website=www.charly.education|language=de|access-date=19 October 2019|archive-date=2 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802092251/https://www.charly.education/presse/dax-karriere|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; font-size: 90%"
|+ [[QS World University Rankings|QS]] World University Rankings by Subject 2023<ref name="QSSubject" />
! Subject !! Global !! National
|-
! {{Left|Arts & Humanities}}
! data-sort-value="61" | {{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;61
! data-sort-value="4" | {{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;4
|-
| Linguistics
| data-sort-value="151–200" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;151–200}}
| data-sort-value="11–14" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;11–14}}
|-
| Theology, Divinity and Religious Studies
| data-sort-value="20" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;20}}
| data-sort-value="2" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;2}}
|-
| Archaeology
| data-sort-value="25" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;25}}
| data-sort-value="4" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;4}}
|-
| Classics and Ancient History
| data-sort-value="6" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;6}}
| data-sort-value="2" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;2}}
|-
| English Language and Literature
| data-sort-value="74" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;74}}
| data-sort-value="4" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;4}}
|-
| History
| data-sort-value="48" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;48}}
| data-sort-value="4" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;4}}
|-
| Modern Languages
| data-sort-value="69" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;69}}
| data-sort-value="4" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;4}}
|-
| Philosophy
| data-sort-value="51–100" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;51–100}}
| data-sort-value="5–7" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;5–7}}
|-
! {{Left|Engineering and Technology}}
! data-sort-value="270" | {{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;270
! data-sort-value="11–12" | {{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;11–12
|-
| Computer Science and Information Systems
| data-sort-value="151–200" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;151–200}}
| data-sort-value="7–8" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;7–8}}
|-
! {{Left|Life Sciences & Medicine}}
! data-sort-value="39" | {{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;39
! data-sort-value="1" | {{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;1
|-
| Biological Sciences
| data-sort-value="24" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;24}}
| data-sort-value="2" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;2}}
|-
| Medicine
| data-sort-value="36" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;36}}
| data-sort-value="1" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;1}}
|-
| Pharmacy and Pharmacology
| data-sort-value="41" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;41}}
| data-sort-value="1" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;1}}
|-
| Psychology
| data-sort-value="101–150" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;101–150}}
| data-sort-value="4–7" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;4–7}}
|-
! {{Left|Natural Sciences}}
! data-sort-value="40" | {{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;40
! data-sort-value="2" | {{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;2
|-
| Chemistry
| data-sort-value="64" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;64}}
| data-sort-value="4" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;4}}
|-
| Earth and Marine Sciences
| data-sort-value="51–100" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;51–100}}
| data-sort-value="2–6" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;2–6}}
|-
| Geography
| data-sort-value="51–100" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;51–100}}
| data-sort-value="3" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;3}}
|-
| Geology
| data-sort-value="51–100" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;51–100}}
| data-sort-value="2–6" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;2–6}}
|-
| Geophysics
| data-sort-value="51–100" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;51–100}}
| data-sort-value="1–6" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;1–6}}
|-
| Mathematics
| data-sort-value="113" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;113}}
| data-sort-value="5–6" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;5–6}}
|-
| Physics and Astronomy
| data-sort-value="32" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;32}}
| data-sort-value="3" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;3}}
|-
! {{Left|Social Sciences & Management}}
! data-sort-value="194" | {{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;194
! data-sort-value="7–8" | {{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;7–8
|-
| Accounting and Finance
| data-sort-value="251–300" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;251–300}}
| data-sort-value="8" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;8}}
|-
| Anthropology
| data-sort-value="51–100" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;51–100}}
| data-sort-value="3–5" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;3–5}}
|-
| Economics and Econometrics
| data-sort-value="151–200" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;151–200}}
| data-sort-value="5–8" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;5–8}}
|-
| Education and Training
| data-sort-value="201–250" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;201–250}}
| data-sort-value="8–10" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;8–10}}
|-
| Law and Legal Studies
| data-sort-value="63" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;63}}
| data-sort-value="3" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;3}}
|-
| Politics
| data-sort-value="101–150" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;101–150}}
| data-sort-value="5–6" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;5–6}}
|-
| Sociology
| data-sort-value="101–150" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;101–150}}
| data-sort-value="5–8" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;5–8}}
|-
| Sports–Related Subjects
| data-sort-value="101–140" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;101–140}}
| data-sort-value="1–2" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;1–2}}
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; font-size: 90%"
|+ [[Times Higher Education World University Rankings|THE]] World University Rankings by Subject 2024<ref name="THESubject" />
! Subject !! Global !! National
|-
| Arts & humanities
| data-sort-value="37" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;37}}
| data-sort-value="5" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;5}}
|-
| Clinical & health
| data-sort-value="35" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;35}}
| data-sort-value="2" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;2}}
|-
| Life sciences
| data-sort-value="32" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;32}}
| data-sort-value="1" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;1}}
|-
| Physical sciences
| data-sort-value="42" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;42}}
| data-sort-value="4" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;4}}
|-
| Psychology
| data-sort-value="73" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;73}}
| data-sort-value="4" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;4}}
|-
|}
{{col-break|gap=0.5em}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; font-size: 90%"
|+ [[Academic Ranking of World Universities|ARWU]] Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2023<ref name="ARWUSubject" />
! Subject !! Global !! National
|-
! colspan="3" | Natural Sciences
|-
| Mathematics
| data-sort-value="201–300" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;201–300}}
| data-sort-value="14–20" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;14–20}}
|-
| Physics
| data-sort-value="45" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;45}}
| data-sort-value="2" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;2}}
|-
| Chemistry
| data-sort-value="201–300" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;201–300}}
| data-sort-value="13–21" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;13–21}}
|-
| Earth Sciences
| data-sort-value="101–150" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;101–150}}
| data-sort-value="5–10" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;5–10}}
|-
| Geography
| data-sort-value="151–200" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;151–200}}
| data-sort-value="5–9" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;5–9}}
|-
| Atmospheric Science
| data-sort-value="201–300" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;201–300}}
| data-sort-value="13–22" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;13–22}}
|-
! colspan="3" | Engineering
|-
| Biomedical Engineering
| data-sort-value="151–200" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;151–200}}
| data-sort-value="6–10" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;6–10}}
|-
| Computer Science & Engineering
| data-sort-value="201–300" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;201–300}}
| data-sort-value="4–7" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;4–7}}
|-
| Materials Science & Engineering
| data-sort-value="301–400" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;301–400}}
| data-sort-value="14–18" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;14–18}}
|-
| Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
| data-sort-value="201–300" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;201–300}}
| data-sort-value="8–12" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;8–12}}
|-
| Biotechnology
| data-sort-value="101–150" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;101–150}}
| data-sort-value="2–7" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;2–7}}
|-
! colspan="3" | Life Sciences
|-
| Biological Sciences
| data-sort-value="43" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;43}}
| data-sort-value="1" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;1}}
|-
| Human Biological Sciences
| data-sort-value="46" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;46}}
| data-sort-value="4" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;4}}
|-
! colspan="3" | Medical Sciences
|-
| Clinical Medicine
| data-sort-value="18" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;18}}
| data-sort-value="1" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;1}}
|-
| Public Health
| data-sort-value="51–75" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;51–75}}
| data-sort-value="3" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;3}}
|-
| Dentistry & Oral Sciences
| data-sort-value="76–100" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;76–100}}
| data-sort-value="3–7" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;3–7}}
|-
| Medical Technology
| data-sort-value="11" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;11}}
| data-sort-value="2" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;2}}
|-
| Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences
| data-sort-value="35" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;35}}
| data-sort-value="2" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;2}}
|-
! colspan="3" | Social Sciences
|-
| Economics
| data-sort-value="201–300" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;201–300}}
| data-sort-value="9–13" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;9–13}}
|-
| Statistics
| data-sort-value="101–150" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;101–150}}
| data-sort-value="2–6" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;2–6}}
|-
| Political Sciences
| data-sort-value="201–300" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;201–300}}
| data-sort-value="12–18" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;12–18}}
|-
| Sociology
| data-sort-value="151–200" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;151–200}}
| data-sort-value="9–11" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;9–11}}
|-
| Education
| data-sort-value="301–400" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;301–400}}
| data-sort-value="6–18" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;6–18}}
|-
| Psychology
| data-sort-value="76–100" | {{Center|{{Rise|size=9}}&nbsp;76–100}}
| data-sort-value="5–6" | {{Center|{{Same position|size=9}}&nbsp;5–6}}
|-
| Public Administration
| data-sort-value="151–200" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;151–200}}
| data-sort-value="7–11" | {{Center|{{Fall|size=9}}&nbsp;7–11}}
|-
|}
{{col-end}}

===Organisation and length of courses===
The academic year is divided into two [[semester]]s. The winter semester runs from 1 October to 31 March and the summer semester from 1 April to 30 September. Classes are held from mid-October to mid-February and mid-April to mid-July. Students can generally begin their studies either in the winter or the summer semester. However, there are several subjects students can begin only in the winter semester. The standard time required to finish a [[Bachelor's degree]] is principally six semesters, and a further four semesters for consecutive [[Master's degrees]]. The normal duration of PhD programmes for full-time students is 6 semesters. The overall period of study for an undergraduate degree is divided into two parts: a period of basic study, lasting at least four semesters, at the end of which students must sit a formal [[Test (assessment)|examination]], and a period of advanced study, lasting at least two semesters, after which students take their final examinations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/courses/prospective/admission_int/application_international.html |title=Application and Matriculation for International Students |access-date=26 September 2010 |publisher=Heidelberg University |archive-date=23 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923062412/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/courses/prospective/admission_int/application_international.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Admission===
In the winter-semester 2006/2007, the university offered 3,926 places in undergraduate programs restricted by [[numerus clausus]], with an overall acceptance rate of 16.3%.<ref name=press1>{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/presse/news06/2608stud.html|title=Universität Heidelberg – Pressemitteilungen 1|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Heidelberg University Homepage|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701070649/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/presse/news06/2608stud.html|archive-date=1 July 2007}}</ref> Most selective are the undergraduate programs in clinical medicine, molecular biotechnology, political science, and law, with acceptance rates of 3.6%,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zvs.de/Service/Download/Bew_Medizin_WS2006.pdf|title=Angebot- und Nachfrage nach Studienplätzen in bundesweit zulassungsbeschränkten Studiengängen zum Wintersemester 2006/2007 – Studiengang Medizin|access-date=16 May 2008 |work=ZVS Homepage |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080408213549/http://www.zvs.de/Service/Download/Bew_Medizin_WS2006.pdf  |archive-date = 8 April 2008}}</ref> 3.8%,<ref name="press1"/> 7.6%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rzuser.uni-hd.de/~it5/presse/news04/ausw.html|title=Universität Heidelberg – Pressemitteilungen 2|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Heidelberg University Homepage}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and 9.1%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rzuser.uni-hd.de/~it5/presse/news04/2409ausw.html|title=Universität Heidelberg – Pressemitteilungen 3|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Heidelberg University Homepage|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719103555/http://www.rzuser.uni-hd.de/~it5/presse/news04/2409ausw.html|archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref> respectively. The selection is exercised by allocating the best qualified applicants to a given number of places available in the respective discipline, thus depending primarily on the chosen subjects and the grade point average of the [[Abitur]] or its equivalent. For some majors and minors in humanities—particularly for conceptually non-vocational like classics and ancient history—unrestricted admission is granted under certain criteria (e.g., relevant language proficiency), as applications regularly do not exceed the number of places available.

[[File:Codex Manesse 271r Von Buchheim.jpg|left|thumb|upright|The University Library's collection includes the [[Codex Manesse]], an important German song manuscript of the Middle Ages.]]

For prospective international undergraduate students, a language test for German—such as the [[Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang|DSH]]—is required. Admission to consecutive Master's programs always requires at least an undergraduate degree equivalent to the German grade "good" (i.e., normally B+ in American, or 2:1 in British terms). Except for the Master's programs taught in English, a language test for German must be passed as well. PhD admission prerequisite is normally a strong Master's-level degree, but specific admission procedures vary and cannot be generalized.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Graduiertenakademie – Universität Heidelberg|url=https://www.graduateacademy.uni-heidelberg.de/|access-date=11 February 2023|website=www.graduateacademy.uni-heidelberg.de|archive-date=11 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211115644/https://www.graduateacademy.uni-heidelberg.de/|url-status=live}}</ref> International applicants usually make up considerably more than 20% of the applicant pool and are considered individually by the merits achieved in their respective country of origin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/press/news/press321_e.html|title=Heidelberg University – Press Releases|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Heidelberg University Homepage|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192058/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/press/news/press321_e.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Finances===
The German state heavily subsidizes university study to keep higher education affordable regardless of socio-economic background.<ref>As a benchmark: The state must pay approximately €33,000 (=$48,500) per year for each medical student. See {{cite web |url=http://www.unifr.ch/ztd/ems/berichte/b2/testergebnisse.htm |title=Testergebnisse versus Schulnoten als Auswahlkriterien: Paternoster-Effekt, Filter-Effekt, Kosten-Nutzen-Effekte und Auswirkungen auf die Fairneß der Zulassung |access-date=16 May 2008 |work=University of Fribourg Homepage |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420205701/http://www.unifr.ch/ztd/ems/berichte/b2/testergebnisse.htm |archive-date=20 April 2008 }}</ref>
From 2007 to 2012, Heidelberg has charged tuition fees of approximately €1,200 p.a. for undergraduate, consecutive Master's, and doctoral programs, for both EU and non-EU citizens, and for any subject area. However, from spring term 2012 onwards, tuition fees have been abolished.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mwk.baden-wuerttemberg.de/studiengebuehren/|title=''Studiengebühren'' (Tuition)|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Baden Württemberg Ministry for Education and Research website|archive-date=2 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902103201/http://www.mwk.baden-wuerttemberg.de/studiengebuehren/|url-status=live}}</ref> The usual housing costs for on-campus dormitories range from €2,200 to €3,000 p.a.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zuv.uni-heidelbereng.de/AAA/erasmus//info_erasmus_incoming_ankunft_wohn.htm/|title=Information for incoming Erasmus Students|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Heidelberg University Homepage}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In the fiscal year 2005, Heidelberg University had an overall [[operating budget]] of approximately €856&nbsp;M, consisting of approximately €413&nbsp;M government funds, approximately €311&nbsp;M basic budget, and approximately €132&nbsp;M from external grants. The university spent approximately €529&nbsp;M in payroll costs and approximately €326&nbsp;M in other expenditures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www-ec.destatis.de/csp/shop/sfg/bpm.html.cms.cBroker.cls?cmspath=struktur,vollanzeige.csp&ID=1020857|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110812210956/https://www-ec.destatis.de/csp/shop/sfg/bpm.html.cms.cBroker.cls?cmspath=struktur,vollanzeige.csp&ID=1020857|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 August 2011|title=Desastis – Statistiken und Kennzahlen zur Hochschulfinanzierung|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Statistisches Bundesamt Homepage}}</ref> Additionally, the university receives another €150&nbsp;M in research grants, distributed over 5 years from 2012 onwards, due to the [[German Universities Excellence Initiative]]. In the fiscal year 2007, the university for the first time raised approximately €19&nbsp;M through tuition fees, exclusively to further improve the conditions of study. Only approximately €9.5&nbsp;M of these were spent at the end of the year and the rectorate had to urge the faculties to make use of their additional means.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.suedwest-aktiv.de/landundwelt/suedwestumschau/3462341/artikel.php|title=Fachbereiche horten Millionen|access-date=16 May 2008|format=php|work=Südwestumschau online|archive-date=14 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214043736/http://www.suedwest-aktiv.de/landundwelt/suedwestumschau/3462341/artikel.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Research===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Haus Buhl.jpg|thumb|right|The Center for Advanced Study Marsilius Kolleg, situated in House Buhl, was founded in 2007.]] -->

Among historical scientific achievements of Heidelberg researchers features prominently the invention of [[spectroscopy]],<ref name=chem>{{cite web |url=http://www.chemgeo.uni-hd.de/DC/hist.html|title=History of Chemistry at Heidelberg|access-date=28 May 2008 |publisher=Heidelberg University Homepage|date=28 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504035437/http://www.chemgeo.uni-hd.de/DC/hist.html |archive-date=4 May 2008}}</ref> and of the [[Bunsen burner]];<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/HS/Journal/Issues/2005/Apr/clicSubscriber/V82N04/p518.pdf |title=The Origin of the Bunsen Burner |access-date=28 May 2008 |author=William B. Jensen |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=518 |date=April 2005 |doi=10.1021/ed082p518 |bibcode=2005JChEd..82..518J |archive-date=9 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109034256/http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/HS/Journal/Issues/2005/Apr/clicSubscriber/V82N04/p518.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> the discovery of chemical elements [[Caesium]] and [[Rubidium]];<ref name="chem" /> the identification of the [[boiling|absolute point of ebullition]];<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/374765/Dmitry-Ivanovich-Mendeleyev/250031/Other-scientific-achievements |title=Scientific achievements of Mendeleyev |access-date=28 May 2008 |publisher=Britannica online |date=28 May 2008 |archive-date=7 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507013245/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/374765/Dmitry-Ivanovich-Mendeleyev/250031/Other-scientific-achievements |url-status=live }}</ref> and the identification and isolation of [[nicotine]] as the main [[pharmacological]]ly active component of tobacco.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/presse/ruca/ruca03-2/ritu.html|title=Rituals of smoking|access-date=28 May 2008|publisher=Heidelberg University Homepage|date=28 May 2008|archive-date=11 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911002625/https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/presse/ruca/ruca03-2/ritu.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Modern scientific [[psychiatry]]; [[psychopharmacology]]; psychiatric [[genetics]];<ref name="Burgmair 2000–2008"/> environmental [[physics]];<ref name="Physics" /> and modern sociology<ref name="Google Books, p.24" /> were introduced as scientific disciplines by Heidelberg faculty. Almost 800 [[dwarf planets]], the [[North America Nebula]], and the return of [[Halley's Comet]] have been discovered and documented at institutes of the [[Heidelberg University Faculty of Physics and Astronomy#Center for Astronomy|Heidelberg Center for Astronomy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lsw.uni-heidelberg.de/users/mdarr/history.html|title=History of the Center of Astronomy|access-date=28 May 2008|publisher=Heidelberg University Homepage|date=28 May 2008|archive-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215123925/http://www.lsw.uni-heidelberg.de/users/mdarr/history.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Moreover, Heidelberg researchers invented the process of [[plastination]] to preserve [[body tissue]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bodyworlds.com/de/plastination/idee_plastination.html |title=Die Idee der Plastination |access-date=28 May 2008 |publisher=Bodyworlds |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709041557/http://www.bodyworlds.com/de/plastination/idee_plastination.html |archive-date=9 July 2008 }}</ref> conducted the first successful transplantation of [[hematopoietic stem cells]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/presse/news05/2511zwei.html |title=200 years medical history at Heidelberg University |access-date=5 June 2008 |publisher=Heidelberg University Homepage |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701082756/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/presse/news05/2511zwei.html |archive-date=1 July 2007 }}</ref> and recently developed a new strategy for a [[vaccination]] against certain forms of cancer, which earned [[Harald zur Hausen]] of the university the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://idw-online.de/pages/de/news261232|title=News|access-date=28 May 2008|publisher=Informationsdienst Wissenschaften|archive-date=1 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101224950/http://idw-online.de/pages/de/news261232|url-status=live}}</ref>

Today, the university puts an emphasis on natural sciences and medicine, but it retains its traditions with highly ranked faculties of humanities and social sciences. The ''Marsilius Kolleg'', named after [[Marsilius of Inghen]], was established in 2007 as a Center for Advanced Study to promote interdisciplinary dialogue and research especially between the sciences and the humanities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marsilius-kolleg.uni-heidelberg.de/index_en.html|title=Marsilius Kolleg|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Marsilius Kolleg Homepage|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323031942/http://www.marsilius-kolleg.uni-heidelberg.de/index_en.html|archive-date=23 March 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other institutes such as the ''[[Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing]]'', the ''Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences'', the ''[[Heidelberg Center for American Studies]]'', and the ''[[South Asia Institute, Heidelberg University|South Asia Institute]]'' also build a bridge between faculties and thus emphasize the concept of a comprehensive university.

Noted regular publications of the [[Heidelberg University Faculty of Physics and Astronomy#Center for Astronomy|Center for Astronomy]] include the [[Gliese catalogue of nearby stars]], the fundamental catalogues [[Fifth Fundamental Catalogue|FK5]] and [[Sixth Fundamental Catalogue|FK6]] and the annual published [[Apparent places]], a high precision catalog with pre-calculated positions for over 3,000 stars for each day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/aktuelles/publikationen.php.en|title=Center for Astronomy – Publications|access-date=16 May 2008|publisher=Heidelberg University Homepage|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513184310/http://www.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/aktuelles/publikationen.php.en|archive-date=13 May 2008}}</ref> The [[Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research]] publishes the annual [[Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research#General|Conflict Barometer]], which describes the recent trends in global conflict developments, escalations, de-escalations, and settlements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hiik.de/en/konfliktbarometer/index.html |title=Conflict Barometer|access-date=17 May 2008|publisher=Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513074927/http://www.hiik.de/en/konfliktbarometer/index.html|archive-date=13 May 2008}}</ref> Regular publications by the [[Max Planck Institute for International Law]] include the ''[[Heidelberg Journal of International Law]]'', the ''Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law''; the ''[[Journal of the History of International Law]]''; the ''[[Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law]]''; and the semi-annual bibliography ''Public International Law''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mpil.de/ww/en/pub/research/profile/publ.cfm|title=Publications of the Institute |access-date=17 May 2008|format=cfm |publisher=Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law Homepage|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080402022043/http://www.mpil.de/ww/en/pub/research/profile/publ.cfm|archive-date=2 April 2008}}</ref>

The [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft|German Research Foundation]] (DFG) currently funds twelve long-term [[Collaborative Research Centers]] (SFB) with a duration of up to 12 years at Heidelberg,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/coordinated_programmes/collaborative_research_centres/lists/index.html |title=DFG – Lists of Collaborative Research Centers |access-date=16 May 2008 |publisher=German Research Foundation Homepage |archive-date=7 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507212213/http://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/coordinated_programmes/collaborative_research_centres/lists/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> four Priority Programs (SPP) with a duration of six years, two Research Units (FOR) with a duration of up to six years, as well as numerous individual projects at the university's faculties and institutes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/coordinated_programmes/index.html |title=DFG: Funded projects |access-date=16 May 2008 |publisher=German Research Foundation Homepage |archive-date=14 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080614045543/http://www.dfg.de/en/research_funding/coordinated_programmes/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result of the [[German Universities Excellence Initiative]], two Clusters of Excellence are funded with €6.5&nbsp;M each—"''Cellular Networks: From Molecular Mechanisms to Quantitative Understanding of Complex Functions''",<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dfg.de/foerderung/programme/listen/projektdetails/index.jsp?id=24122740 |title=Exzellenzcluster 81 Cellular Networks: From Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms to a Quantitative Understanding of Complex Functions |publisher=DFG – Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |access-date=2 October 2010 |archive-date=25 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525161930/http://www.dfg.de/foerderung/programme/listen/projektdetails/index.jsp?id=24122740 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Cluster of Excellence "Asia and Europe in a Global Context"|"Asia and Europe in a Global Context"]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vjc.uni-hd.de/|title=Cluster of Excellence – Asia and Europe|access-date=16 May 2008|publisher=Heidelberg University|archive-date=17 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717170329/http://www.vjc.uni-hd.de/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===International cooperations===
Heidelberg is a founding member of the [[League of European Research Universities]], the [[Coimbra Group]], and the [[European University Association]]. The university forms part of the German-Japanese University Consortium HeKKSaGOn, and it participates in 7 European exchange schemes for researchers and students, such as [[ERASMUS programme|ERASMUS]]. Furthermore, it is actively involved in the development of the German-speaking [[Andrássy Gyula German Language University of Budapest|Andrássy University of Budapest]], and co-runs the school of German law at the [[Jagiellonian University|Jagiellonian University of Kraków]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/international/|title=International cooperations|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Heidelberg University Homepage|archive-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918222910/http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/international/|url-status=live}}</ref> The city of Heidelberg being twinned with [[Cambridge|Cambridge, England]], and [[Montpellier|Montpellier, France]], there are close academic ties to the [[University of Cambridge]] and the [[Université de Montpellier]]. Beyond Europe, the university and its faculties maintain specific agreements with 58 partner universities in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia and the [[Russian Federation]]. In total, the Higher Education Compass of the German Rector's Conference lists staff and student exchange agreements as well as research cooperations with 236 universities worldwide. Some of the most notable partner universities include [[Cornell University]], [[Duke University]], [[Georgetown University]], [[Harvard University]], [[Sciences Po|Paris Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po)]], [[Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne University|Pantheon Sorbonne University]], [[University of Cambridge]], [[University of Oxford]], [[Tsinghua University]], and [[Yale University]].<ref>See {{cite web|url=http://81.169.169.236/kompass/xml/index_koop_en.htm|title=The Higher Education Compass – International Cooperations|access-date=16 May 2008|work=German Rectors Conference Homepage|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080331095043/http://81.169.169.236/kompass/xml/index_koop_en.htm|archive-date=31 March 2008}}</ref>

==Student life==
===Sports===
[[File:Ausblick vom 366 km langen Neckartalradweg, Neckar in Heidelberg - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Students rowing on the [[Neckar|Neckar river]]]]

The university offers a broad variety of athletics, such as teams in 16 different court sports from [[American football]] to volleyball, courses in 11 different martial arts, 26 courses in [[physical fitness]] and [[body building]], 9 courses in health sports from aquapower to [[yoga]], and groups in 12 different dance styles. Moreover, [[equestrian sports]], [[sailing (sport)|sailing]], [[rowing (sport)|rowing]], [[skiing]] in the French Alps, track and field, swimming, [[fencing]], [[cycle sport|cycling]], [[acrobatics]], gymnastics, and much more. Most of the sports are free of charge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issw.uni-heidelberg.de/hsp/|title=Hochschulsport der Universität Heidelberg|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Heidelberg University Homepage|archive-date=15 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715001748/http://www2.issw.uni-heidelberg.de/hsp/|url-status=live}}</ref> Heidelberg's competition teams are particularly successful in soccer, volleyball, equestrian sports, judo, karate, track and field, and basketball. The University Sports Club men's basketball team, [[USC Heidelberg]], is the championship record holder, won 13 national championships, and is the only university team playing at a professional level in the [[Pro A (basketball)|second division of Germany's national league]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usc-heidelberg.de/|title=USC Heidelberg|access-date=16 May 2008|work=University Sports Club Heidelberg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502060051/http://www.usc-heidelberg.de/|archive-date=2 May 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Groups===
Moreover, the university supports a number of student groups in various fields of interest. Among them are four drama clubs, the university orchestra [[Collegium Musicum]], four choirs, six student media groups, six groups of international students, nine groups of political parties and NGO's, several departments of European organizations of students in certain disciplines, four clubs dedicated to fostering international relations and cultural exchange, a chess club, a literature club, two debate societies (one focused on English debating, the other focused on German debating), one student consulting group, and four religious student groups. Student unions structure themselves as "Studierendenrat" (Student body council) as well as on department level.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zuv.uni-heidelberg.de/international/erasmus/incoming/angebote_en.html|title=Erasmus – Incoming students – Student Life|access-date=2 October 2010|work=Heidelberg University|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006003152/http://www.zuv.uni-heidelberg.de/international/erasmus/incoming/angebote_en.html|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>

===Media===
Heidelberg's student newspaper "''ruprecht''" is—with editions of more than 10,000 copies—one of Germany's largest student-run newspapers. It was recently distinguished by the [[MLP AG|MLP]] Pro Campus Press Award as Germany's best student newspaper. The jury of journalists from major newspapers commended its "well balanced, though critical attitude" and its "simply great" layout that "suffices highest professional demands." The ruprecht is financed entirely by advertising revenues, thus retaining independence from university management. Some renowned journalists emerged from ''ruprecht''{{'}}s editorial board.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ruprecht.de/fileadmin/pdf/Presseberichte/2007_10_07_RNZ.pdf |title=Der "ruprecht" ist Deutschlands beste Studentenzeitung |access-date=16 May 2008 |work=Rhein Neckar Zeitung online |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530022839/http://www.ruprecht.de/fileadmin/pdf/Presseberichte/2007_10_07_RNZ.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2008 }}</ref>

However, the critical online student newspaper ''UNiMUT'', which is run by the joint student council of the faculties, criticized the ''ruprecht'' often for being conformed, and exceedingly layout-oriented.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://texte.ruprecht.de/zeigartikel.php?id=1437 |title=UniMUT – Der Kampf geht weiter! |access-date=16 May 2008 |work=Ruprecht online |archive-date=21 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221005011/http://texte.ruprecht.de/zeigartikel.php?id=1437 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Heidelberg is also home of Germany's oldest student [[law review]] ''[[Heidelberg Law Review]]''. The journal is published quarterly, at the beginning and end of each semester break, and is circulated throughout all of Germany.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.studzr.de/html/menu_oben/uberuns_en.html |title=StudZR – About us |access-date=16 May 2008 |work=StudZR Homepage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224133537/http://www.studzr.de/html/menu_oben/uberuns_en.html |archive-date=24 February 2008}}</ref>

===Studentenverbindung===
Heidelberg hosts 34 student [[Studentenverbindung|corporations]], which were largely founded in the 19th century. Corporations are to some extent comparable to the [[fraternities]] in the US. As traditional symbols ([[couleur]]) corporation members wear colored caps and ribbons at ceremonial occasions (''Kommers'') and some still practice the traditional [[academic fencing]], a kind of duel, to "shape their members for the challenges of life." In the 19th and early 20th century, corporations played an important role in Germany's student life. Today, however, corporations include only a relatively small number of students. Their self-declared mission is to keep academic traditions alive and to create friendships for life. The corporations' often representative 19th-century mansions are present throughout the Old Town.

===Nightlife===
[[Heidelberg]] is not least famous for its student night life.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rhein-neckar-guide.de/heidelberg.html |title=Heidelberg night life |access-date=16 May 2008 |work=Rhein-Neckar guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709045120/http://www.rhein-neckar-guide.de/heidelberg.html |archive-date=9 July 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Besides the various parties regularly organized by the student councils of the faculties, the semester opening and closing parties of the university, the dormitory parties, and the soirées of Heidelberg's 34 student fraternities, the city offers night life for any taste and budget.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

==Notable alumni==
{{main|List of Heidelberg University people}}

<gallery widths="160" heights="160">
File:Pintoricchio_014.jpg| [[Pope Pius II]]
File:Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel00.jpg| [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]]
File:Robert Schumann 1839.jpg | [[Robert Schumann]]
File:Dmitri_Ivanowitsh_Mendeleev.jpg| [[Dmitri Mendeleev]]
File:Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach.jpg | [[Ludwig Feuerbach]]
File:Max Weber, 1918.jpg| [[Max Weber]]
File:Hirata Tosuke (cropped).jpg| [[Hirata Tosuke]]
File:Carl Spitteler 1919.jpg | [[Carl Spitteler]]
File:Arnold_J._Toynbee_Anefo.jpg| [[Arnold J. Toynbee]]
File:Alfred_Wegener_ca.1924-30.jpg| [[Alfred Wegener]]
File: Hannah Arendt 1933.jpg | [[Hannah Arendt]]
File:Maugham retouched.jpg| [[W. Somerset Maugham]]
File:Helmut Kohl (1996) cropped.jpg| [[Helmut Kohl]]
</gallery>

Alumni and faculty of the university include many founders and pioneers of [[academic discipline]]s, and a large number of internationally acclaimed philosophers, poets, [[jurisprudence|jurisprudents]], theologians, [[natural science|natural]] and [[social science|social scientists]]. 33 Nobel Laureates, at least 18 [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize|Leibniz laureates]], and two [[Academy Award|"Oscar" winners]] have been associated with Heidelberg University. Nine [[Nobel laureates]] received the award during their tenure at Heidelberg.<ref name="Nobel"/>

Besides several [[Minister (government)|federal ministers of Germany]] and prime ministers of [[States of Germany|German states]], five [[List of chancellors of Germany|chancellors of Germany]] have attended the university, the latest being [[Helmut Kohl]], the "Chancellor of the Reunification". [[Head of state|Heads of state]] or [[Head of Government|government]] of Belgium, [[Bulgaria]], Greece, [[Nicaragua]], [[Serbia]], [[Thailand]], a British [[heir apparent]], a [[secretary general of NATO]] and a director of the [[International Peace Bureau]] have also been educated at Heidelberg; among them [[Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Peace laureates]] [[Charles Albert Gobat]] and [[Auguste Beernaert]]. Former university affiliates in the field of religion include [[Pope Pius II]], [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]], bishops, and with [[Philipp Melanchthon]] and [[Zacharias Ursinus]], two key leaders of the [[Protestant Reformation]]. Outstanding university affiliates in the legal profession include a president of the [[International Court of Justice]], two presidents of the [[European Court of Human Rights]], a president of the [[International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea]], a vice president of the [[International Criminal Court]], an [[advocate general]] at the [[European Court of Justice]], at least 16 [[Justice (official)|justices]] of the [[Federal Constitutional Court of Germany]], a president of the [[Federal Court of Justice of Germany|Federal Court of Justice]], a president of the [[Federal Finance Court of Germany|Federal Court of Finance]], a president of the [[Federal Labor Court of Germany|Federal Labor Court]], two [[Attorney General of Germany|attorneys general of Germany]], and a British [[law lord]]. In business, Heidelberg alumni and faculty notably founded, co-founded or presided over [[ABB]]; [[Astor family|Astor corporate enterprises]]; [[BASF]]; [[Confederation of German Employers' Associations|BDA]]; [[Daimler AG]]; [[Deutsche Bank]]; [[EADS]]; [[Krupp AG]]; [[Siemens]] and [[Thyssen AG]].

Alumni in the field of arts include classical composer [[Robert Schumann]], philosophers [[Ludwig Feuerbach]] and [[Edmund Montgomery]], poet [[Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff]] and writers [[Christian Friedrich Hebbel]], [[Gottfried Keller]], [[Irene Frisch]], [[Heinrich Hoffmann (author)|Heinrich Hoffmann]], [[Sir Muhammad Iqbal]], National Hero of the Philippines [[José Rizal]], [[W. Somerset Maugham]], [[Jean Paul]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature Nobel laureate]] [[Carl Spitteler]], and novelist [[Jagoda Marinić]]. Amongst Heidelberg alumni in other disciplines are the "Father of Psychology" [[Wilhelm Wundt]], the "Father of Physical Chemistry" [[J. Willard Gibbs]], the "Father of American Anthropology" [[Franz Boas]], [[Dmitri Mendeleev]], who created the [[periodic table]] of elements, inventor of the [[Dandy horse|two-wheeler principle]] [[Karl Drais]], [[Alfred Wegener]], who discovered the [[continental drift]], as well as political theorist [[Hannah Arendt]], gender theorist [[Judith Butler]], political scientist [[Carl Joachim Friedrich]], and sociologists [[Karl Mannheim]], [[Robert E. Park]] and [[Talcott Parsons]].

Philosophers [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]], [[Karl Jaspers]], [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]], and [[Jürgen Habermas]] served as university professors, as did also the pioneering scientists [[Hermann von Helmholtz]], [[Robert Wilhelm Bunsen]], [[Gustav Robert Kirchhoff]], [[Emil Kraepelin]], the founder of scientific psychiatry, and outstanding social scientists such as [[Max Weber]], the founding father of modern sociology.

Present faculty include [[List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine Nobel Laureates]] [[Bert Sakmann]] (1991) and [[Harald zur Hausen]] (2008), [[List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry|Chemistry Nobel Laureate]] [[Stefan Hell]] (2014), seven Leibniz laureates, former justice of the [[Federal Constitutional Court of Germany]] [[Paul Kirchhof]], and [[Rüdiger Wolfrum]], the former president of the [[International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea]].

==In fiction and popular culture==

=== Literature ===
In 1880 [[Mark Twain]] humorously detailed his impressions of Heidelberg's student life in ''[[A Tramp Abroad]]''. He painted a picture of the university as a school for aristocrats, where students pursued a dandy's lifestyle, and described the great influence the student corporations exerted on the whole of Heidelberg's student life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/119/119-h/119-h.htm|title=A Tramp Abroad, By Mark Twain, Complete|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Project Gutenberg|archive-date=23 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523181526/http://www.gutenberg.org/files/119/119-h/119-h.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

In [[William Somerset Maugham]]'s 1915 masterpiece novel ''[[Of Human Bondage]]'', he described the one-year stay of the protagonist Philip Carey at Heidelberg University, in a largely autobiographical way. Heidelberg also featured in the respective film versions of the novel, released in [[Of Human Bondage (1934 film)|1934]] (starring [[Leslie Howard (actor)|Leslie Howard]] as Philip, and [[Bette Davis]] as Mildred), [[Of Human Bondage (1946 film)|1946]] (with [[Paul Henreid]] and [[Eleanor Parker]] in the lead roles), and [[Of Human Bondage (1964 film)|1964]] (with [[Laurence Harvey]] and [[Kim Novak]] in the lead roles).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/351|title=Of Human Bondage, By William Somerset Maugham, Complete|access-date=10 February 2009|via=[[Project Gutenberg]]|archive-date=12 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512225954/http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/351|url-status=live}}</ref>

E. C. Gordon, the hero of [[Robert Heinlein]]'s 1964 novel ''[[Glory Road]]'', mentions his desire for a degree from Heidelberg and the [[dueling scar]]s to go with it.

In [[Bernhard Schlink]]'s semi-autobiographical 1995 novel ''[[The Reader]]'', Heidelberg University is one of the main scenes of Part II. Nearly a decade after his affair with an older woman came to a mysterious end, Michael Berg, a law student at the university, re-encounters his former lover as she defends herself in a war-crimes trial, which he observes as part of a seminar. The university is also featured in the [[Academy Award]]-winning 2008 film version [[The Reader (2008 film)|The Reader]], starring [[Kate Winslet]], [[David Kross]] and [[Ralph Fiennes]].<ref>[[Bernhard Schlink|Schlink, Bernhard]] (1995; English translation 1997 by Carol Brown Janeway). ''The Reader''. Vintage International, 157. {{ISBN|978-0-679-44279-0}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0976051/|title=The Reader 2008|access-date=22 February 2009|work=IMDb|archive-date=20 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220083141/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0976051/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Film and television ===
The 1927 silent film ''[[The Student Prince in Old Heidelberg]]'', based on [[Wilhelm Meyer-Förster]]'s play ''Alt Heidelberg'' (1903), starring [[Ramón Novarro]] and [[Norma Shearer]], continued Mark Twain's image of Heidelberg, showing the story of a German prince who comes to Heidelberg to study there, but falls in love with his innkeeper's daughter. Having been very popular in the first half of the 20th century, it presents the typical student life of the 19th and early 20th century, and it is today considered a masterpiece of the late silent film era.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0018451/|title=The Student Prince in Old Heidelberg (1927)|access-date=16 May 2008|publisher=[[IMDb]]|archive-date=9 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509020630/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0018451/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]]'s 1954 color remake [[The Student Prince (film)|''The Student Prince'']], featuring the voice of [[Mario Lanza]], is based on [[Sigmund Romberg]]'s [[The Student Prince|operetta version of the story]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/romberg/student_prince.htm|title=The Student Prince|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Musical & Theatre Guide|archive-date=7 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407034156/http://www.musicaltheatreguide.com/composers/romberg/student_prince.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, a film named [[Anatomy (film)]] with [[Franka Potente]] was set at Heidelberg and involved a secret society called the Anti-Hyppocratic Society.

==See also==
* [[List of medieval universities]]
* [[Mannheim University of Applied Sciences]] for jointly run programs
* [[Rhine Neckar|Rhine Neckar Metropolitan Area]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Cser |first=Andreas  |title=Kleine Geschichte der Stadt Heidelberg und ihrer Universität |trans-title=Short history of the city of Heidelberg and its University|publisher= Verlag G. Braun |location=Karlsruhe |year=2007 |isbn=978-3-7650-8337-2|language=de}}
* {{cite book |last1=Gabriel |first1=Astrid L. |title=Antiqui und Moderni |editor1-first=Albert |editor1-last=Zimmermann |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=1974 |isbn=978-3-11-004538-3 |chapter="Via antiqua" and "via moderna" in the fiftennth century |pages = 459–61|oclc=185583682}}
* {{cite book |last=Remy |first=Steven P. |title=The Heidelberg Myth: The Nazification and Denazification of a German University |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge |year=2002 |isbn= 978-0-674-00933-2 }}
* {{cite book |last=Schlusemann |first=Rita|title=Princes and princely culture, 1450–1650 |volume=1 |editor=Martin Gosman |editor2=Alasdair A. MacDonald |editor3=Arie Johan Vanderjagt |publisher=Brill |year=2003 |chapter=Power and creativity at the court of heidelberg |pages=279–294 }}
* {{cite book |first1=Wolfgang U. |last1=Eckart |first2=Volker |last2=Sellin |first3=Eike |last3=Wolgast |title=Die Universität Heidelberg im Nationalsozialismus |publisher=Springer Verlag |location=Berlin |year=2006 |isbn=978-3-540-21442-7 |language=de}}
* {{cite book |last=Wolgast  |first=Eike |title=Die Universität Heidelberg: 1386–1986 |publisher=Springer Verlag |location=Berlin |year=1986 |isbn=978-3-540-16829-4 |language=de}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |language=de|first=Dagmar |last=Drüll |title=Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon, Bd. 1: 1803–1932, Bd. 2: 1652–1802, Bd. 3: 1386–1651, Bd. 4: 1933–1986 |location= Heidelberg |orig-year=1986|year=1991<!--, 2002, 2009 -->|publisher=Springer}}
* {{cite book |language=de|first1=Sabine |last1=Happ |first2=Werner |last2=Moritz |title=Die Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Ansichten – Einblicke – Rückblicke |location=Erfurt |year=2003 |publisher=Sutton Verlag |isbn=978-3-89702-522-6}}
* {{cite book |language=de|title=Die Alte Aula der Universität Heidelberg, hrsg. im Auftrag des Rektors |first1=Heike |last1=Hawicks |first2=Ingo (Hgg.) |last2=Runde |location=Heidelberg |year=2016 |isbn=9783946054115 |url=https://heiup.uni-heidelberg.de/catalog/book/122}}
* {{cite book |language=de|first1=Heike |last1=Hawicks |first2=Ingo (Hgg.) |last2=Runde |title=Päpste – Kurfürsten – Professoren – Reformatoren. Heidelberg und der Heilige Stuhl von den Reformkonzilien des Mittelalters zur Reformation. Katalog zur Ausstellung im Kurpfälzischen Museum vom 21. Mai bis 22. Oktober 2017, hrsg. vom Universitätsarchiv Heidelberg sowie vom Historischen Verein zur Förderung der Calvinismusforschung e.V. und vom Kurpfälzischen Museum Heidelberg |location=Heidelberg / Neustadt a.d.W. / Ubstadt-Weiher / Basel |year=2017 |url=http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/md/uniarchiv/heidelberg_und_der_heilige_stuhl_web.pdf}}
* {{cite news|language=en|first1=Heike |last1=Hawicks |first2=Ingo |last2=Runde |title=Heidelberg and the Holy See – from the Late Medieval Reform Councils to the Reformation in the Electoral Palatinate |journal=1517. Le università e la Riforma protestante. Studi e ricerche nel quinto anniversario delle tesi luterane (Studi e ricerche sull'università), ed. Simona Negruzzo |location=Bologna |year=2018 |pages=33–54 |isbn=978-88-15-27983-5}}
* {{cite news|language=de|first1=H. |last1=Krabusch |title=Das Archiv der Universität Heidelberg. Geschichte und Bedeutung |journal=Aus der Geschichte der Universität Heidelberg und Ihrer Fakultäten. Sonderbd. Der Ruperto Carola, HRSG. Von G. Hinz |year=1961 |pages=82–111}}
* {{cite book |language=en|title=Die Rektorbücher der Universität Heidelberg. Band I: 1386–1410. Heft III, Jürgen Miethke Protocollum Contubernii: Visitation und Rechnungspüfung von 1568–1615, Gerhard Merkel |first1=Heiner |last1=Lutzmann}}
* {{cite news|language=de|first1=Peter |last1=Moraw |title=Heidelberg: Universität, Hof und Stadt im ausgehenden Mittelalter |journal=Studien zum städtischen Bidlungswesen des späten Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit, HRSG. Von Bernd Moeller, Hans Patze, Karl Stackmann, Redaktion Ludger Grenzmann (Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Philol.-hist. Klasse, III.137) |location=Göttingen |year=1983 |pages=524–552}}
* {{cite book |language=de |first1=Werner |last1=Moritz |chapter=Die Aberkennung des Doktortitels an der Universität Heidelberg während der NS- Zeit |editor1-first=Armin |editor1-last=Kohnle |editor2-first=Frank |editor2-last=Engehausen |title=Zwischen Wissenschaft und Politik. Studien zur deutschen Universitätsgeschichte. Festschrift für Eike Wolgast zum 65. Geburtstag |location= Stuttgart |year=2001 |pages=540–562}}
* {{cite book |language=de |first1=Gerhard |last1=Ritter |title=Die Heidelberger Universität im Mittelalter (1386–1508), Ein Stück deutscher Geschichte |location=Heidelberg |orig-year=1st. Pub. 1936 |year=1986 |isbn=978-3-533-03742-2}}
* {{cite news |language=de|first1=Ingo |last1=Runde |title=Das Universitätsarchiv Heidelberg. Von der parva archella zum modernen Archivbetrieb |journal=Universitätsarchive in Südwestdeutschland. Geschichte - Bestände - Projekte. Tagung anlässlich des 625-jährigen Jubiläums der Ersterwähnung einer Archivkiste der Universität Heidelberg zum 8. Februar 1388 (Heidelberger Schriften zur Universitätsgeschichte 1), hrsg. von Ingo Runde |location=Heidelberg |year=2013 |pages=47–71 |isbn=978-3-8253-6252-2 |url=https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/md/uniarchiv/runde_uniarchiv_heidelberg.pdf}} 
* {{cite book |language=de|first1=Ingo (Hrsg.) |last1=Runde |title=Die Universität Heidelberg und ihre Professoren während des Ersten Weltkriegs. Beiträge zur Tagung im Universitätsarchiv Heidelberg am 6. und 7. November 2014 (Heidelberger Schriften zur Universitätsgeschichte 6) |location=Heidelberg |year=2017 |isbn=978-3-8253-6695-7}}
* {{cite news |language=de|first1=Ingo |last1=Runde |title=Universitätsreformen in Heidelberg – Überlieferung und Erschließung |journal=Universität – Reform. Ein Spannungsverhältnis von langer Dauer (12.–21. Jahrhundert), Tagung der Gesellschaft für Universitäts- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 18.–20. September 2013 in der Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel (Veröffentlichungen der Gesellschaft für Universitäts- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte 14), hrsg. von Martin Kintzinger / Wolfgang Eric Wagner / Julia Crispin |location=Basel |year=2018 |pages=71–92 |isbn=978-3-7965-3793-6}}
* {{cite book |language=de|editor-first=Gotthard |editor-last=Schettler |title= Das Klinikum der Universität Heidelberg und seine Institute |location=Berlin-Heidelberg |publisher=Springer |year=1986 |isbn= 978-3-540-16033-5}}
* {{cite book |language=de|editor-first=Wilhelm |editor-last=Doerr u.a. |title="Semper apertus". Sechshundert Jahre Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg 1386–1986, Festschrift in sechs Bänden |location=Berlin-Heidelberg |publisher=Springer |year=1985}}
* {{cite book |language=de|editor-first=Eduard |editor-last=Winkelmann |title=Urkundenbuch der Universität Heidelberg, Bd. I–II |location=Heidelberg |year=1886 }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Universität Heidelberg|University of Heidelberg}}
* {{official website}}
* {{cite Americana|wstitle=Heidelberg University |short=x}}
* {{cite Collier's|wstitle=Heidelberg University|short=x}}
* {{cite Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=University of Heidelberg|short=x}}

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