Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|English nobleman and politician}}
{{Other people|Henry Howard}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix  = [[His Grace]]
| name              = The Duke of Norfolk
| honorific-suffix  =
| title             =  
| image             = Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk.jpg
| caption = Portrait by [[John Michael Wright]]
| image_size        = 200px
| order             = [[Earl Marshal]]
| term_start        = 1672
| term_end          = 13 January 1684
| monarch           = {{unbulleted list |[[Charles II of England|Charles II]]}}
| predecessor       = ''In Commission''
| successor         = [[Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk|The 7th Duke of Norfolk]]
|office2 = Member of the [[House of Lords]]<br />[[Lords Temporal|Lord Temporal]]
|term_start2 = 	13 December 1677
|term_end2 = 13 January 1684<br/>[[Hereditary peer|Hereditary Peerage]]
|predecessor2 = [[Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk|The 5th Duke of Norfolk]]
|successor2 = The 7th Duke of Norfolk
| birth_name        =
| birth_date        ={{birth date|1628|07|12|df=y}}
| birth_place       =[[Arundel House]], [[London]], England
| death_date        ={{death date and age|1684|01|13|1628|07|12|df=y}}
| death_place       = Arundel House, London, England
| resting_place      = [[Arundel Castle]], [[Arundel]], [[West Sussex]]
| spouse            = Lady Anne Somerset<br/>[[Jane Bickerton]]
| children          = [[Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk]]<br/>Frances de Andía-Irarrazaval, Marchioness of Valparaiso<br/>Lord Thomas Howard<br/>Lord George Howard<br/>Lord James Howard<br/>[[Lord Frederick Howard|Lord Frederick Henry Howard]]<br/>Lady Catherine Howard<br/>Elizabeth Gordon, Duchess of Gordon<br/>Lady Philippa Howard
| parents           = [[Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel]]<br />Lady Elizabeth Stuart
}}

'''Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk''' (12 July 1628{{snd}}13 January 1684) was an English nobleman and politician. He was the second son of [[Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel]], and Lady Elizabeth Stuart. He succeeded his brother [[Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk]] after  Thomas's death in 1677.

==Life==
He had previously been created '''1st Baron Howard of Castle Rising''' in 1669 and '''1st Earl of Norwich''' in 1672, on the latter occasion obtaining the restoration of the office of [[Earl Marshal]] of [[England]] to him and to his family.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Norfolk, Earls and Dukes of|volume=19|page=744}}</ref> There had been near unanimity in the House of Lords in persuading King [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] to revive the Dukedom of Norfolk in 1660; but since the 5th Duke was insane, and confined to an [[History of psychiatric institutions|asylum]] in [[Padua]],  it was felt desirable to summon his brother to the Lords in his own right.

His career as Duke began inauspiciously when he announced that he had married Jane Bickerton, who had been his mistress for many years: this caused a violent family quarrel, as a result of which he went abroad for a time. Nonetheless, he wielded considerable political influence, and in 1673 was able to find a safe seat in Parliament for [[Samuel Pepys]].

In January 1678, he took his seat in the [[House of Lords]], but in August the first development of the [[Popish Plot]] was followed by an Act for disabling Catholics from sitting in either house of [[Parliament of England|Parliament]]. As a sincere Roman Catholic, he would not comply with the oath recognizing the King as Head of the Church; at the same time he urged his fellow peers to do so if their consciences permitted, to ensure the survival of the House of Lords as an institution, whereupon the Lords thanked him for his "good service". He withdrew to [[Bruges]] for three years. There he built a house attached to a [[Franciscan]] convent and enjoyed freedom of worship. He later gave away the greater part of his library, grounds, and rooms to the [[Royal Society]], and the [[Arundelian marbles]] to [[Oxford University]].

He was presented as a [[recusant]] at [[Thetford]] assizes in 1680, and felt obliged to return to England to answer the charge, which was not pursued; a previous accusation by the notorious informer [[William Bedloe]] in 1678 that he had been party to, or at least aware of a plot to kill the King, had simply been ignored.

He remained in England long enough to sit as a peer at the trial for [[treason]] of his uncle, [[William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford]], a fellow victim of the Popish Plot. Unfortunately for Stafford, who was notoriously "a man not beloved by his family", he had quarrelled with most of his relatives, including Norfolk, and with the exception of Norfolk's eldest son, the future 7th Duke of Norfolk, the eight Howard peers present, including the 6th Duke, voted him Guilty. Stafford was beheaded on 29 December; the Duke does not seem to have interceded for his uncle's life. He returned to Bruges for a time.

With the waning of the hysteria, he felt it safe to return home. [[John Evelyn]] in his diary for 9 May 1683 records visiting him to discuss buying some of his artworks, and gives the diarist's very low opinion of the Duchess. From Evelyn's description, it is clear that the Duke then had an impressive collection of "cartoons and drawings of [[Raphael]] and the Great Masters".

==Marriages and issue==
[[File:6thDukeOfNorfolk.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Henry Howard by Gilbert Soest, c. 1670–1675. This portrait was once part of the [[Lenthall pictures|Lenthall collection]] and is now owned by the Tate Gallery.]]
About 1652, Howard married Lady Anne Somerset, daughter of [[Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester]], and [[Elizabeth Dormer]]. They had at least four children:
* Lady Elizabeth Howard, married [[George Gordon, 1st Duke of Gordon]]
* [[Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk]], married the [[Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (died 1705)|Baroness Mordaunt]], no issue
* Lady Frances Howard, married Sebastián Gonzalez de Andía-Irarrazaval, Marquess of Valparaiso, Viscount of Santa Clara de Avedillo, [[Count of Villaverde]]
* Lord Thomas Howard (1662–1689), married Mary Elizabeth Savile and had issue:
** [[Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk]]
** Anne Howard
** Mary Howard, married  [[Walter Aston, 4th Lord Aston of Forfar]] and had issue
** [[Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk]]
** Philip Howard (ancestor of the [[Baron Mowbray]], considered heir general of the [[Howard family]] and Talbot family)
His second wife was [[Jane Bickerton]]. She had been his mistress for many years prior to the marriage in 1676 or 1677, and its announcement caused a violent quarrel with his eldest son and heir. They had four sons, all of whom died childless, and three daughters:
* Lady Philippa Howard (1678–1731), married Ralph [[Standish family|Standish]] (died in 1755), who had a daughter
* Lord George Howard, married but childless
* Lord James Howard, drowned unmarried in August 1702
* [[Lord Frederick Howard|Lord Frederick Henry Howard]] (died 16 March 1727), married but childless
* Lady Catherine Howard, a nun in Flanders.

The peerages created for him died out with his grandson the [[Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk|9th Duke]] in 1777, though the current [[Edward Stourton, 27th Baron Mowbray|Baron Mowbray]] descends from the 9th Duke's brother. The 10th and 11th [[Dukes of Norfolk]], who inherited the associated peerages and office of Earl Marshal, descended from his brother Lord Charles Howard of Greystoke, and the 12th and later Dukes from his brother Lord Bernard Howard of Glossop.

== Family ==
===Ancestry===
{{unsourced section|date=April 2019}}
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk'''
|2= 2. [[Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel]]
|3= 3. Lady Elizabeth Stuart
|4= 4. [[Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel]]
|5= 5. [[Alethea Howard, Countess of Arundel|Alethea Talbot, 13th Baroness Furnivall]]
|6= 6. [[Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox|Esmé Stuart, 3rd Duke of Lennox]]
|7= 7. [[Katherine Clifton, 2nd Baroness Clifton]]
|8= 8. [[Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel]]
|9= 9. [[Anne Howard, Countess of Arundel|The Hon. Anne Dacre]]
|10= 10. [[Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury]]
|11= 11. [[Mary Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury|Mary Cavendish]]
|12= 12. [[Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox|Esmé Stuart, 1st Duke of Lennox]]
|13= 13. Catherine de Balzac
|14= 14. [[Gervase Clifton, 1st Baron Clifton]]
|15= 15. Katherine Darcy
}}

=== Family tree ===
{{Dukes of Norfolk family tree}}

==References==
{{More footnotes|date=February 2019}}
<references />
*{{cite DNB|wstitle=Howard, Henry (1628-1684)}}

'''Attribution:'''
*{{Catholic|wstitle=Catholic Dukes of Norfolk}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
|-
{{s-vac| reason = In commission|last=[[James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk|The Earl of Suffolk]]}}
{{s-ttl| title  = [[Earl Marshal]]
       | years  = 1672–1684}}
{{s-aft| after  = [[Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk|The Duke of Norfolk]] }}

{{s-reg|en}}
{{s-bef| rows   = 2 | before = [[Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk|Thomas Howard]]}}
{{s-ttl| title  = [[Duke of Norfolk]]
       | years  = 1677–1684}}
{{s-aft| rows   = 4 | after  = [[Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk|Henry Howard]]}}
|-
{{s-ttl| title  = [[Baron Mowbray]]<br /><small>(descended by [[writ of acceleration|acceleration]])</small>
       | years  = 1677–1678}}
{{s-new| rows   = 2 | creation}}
{{s-ttl| title  = [[Earl of Norwich]]
       | years  = 1672–1684}}
|-
{{s-ttl| title  = [[Baron Howard of Castle Rising]]
       | years  = 1669–1684}}
{{s-end}}

{{Dukes of Norfolk}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Norfolk, Henry Howard, 6th Duke Of}}
[[Category:1628 births]]
[[Category:1684 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century English diplomats]]
[[Category:17th-century English nobility]]
[[Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of England to Morocco]]
[[Category:Barons Maltravers|*14]]
[[Category:Barons Mowbray]]
[[Category:Barons Segrave|*21]]
[[Category:Dukes of Norfolk|306]]
[[Category:Earls Marshal]]
[[Category:Earls of Arundel|*24]]
[[Category:Earls of Norfolk (1644 creation)|4th Earl of Norfolk]]
[[Category:Earls of Surrey|306]]
[[Category:Earls of Norwich]]
[[Category:Peers of England created by Charles II]]<!--as Baron Howard of Castle Rising-->
[[Category:English Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Howard family (English aristocracy)|Henry Howard, 06th Duke of Norfolk]]
[[Category:Barons Talbot]]
[[Category:Barons Strange of Blackmere]]
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