Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Hondita Formation

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Fossiliferous geological formation of the Colombian Andes}}
{{distinguish|Honda Group, Colombia}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name           = Hondita Formation
| period         = Turonian
| age            = [[Turonian]]<br />~{{fossil range|93|90}}
| image          = 
| imagesize      = 
| caption        = 
| type           = [[Geological formation]]
| prilithology   = [[Sandstone|Sandy]] [[limestone]], [[shale]]
| otherlithology = [[Calcareous]] concretions
| unitof         = [[Güagüaquí Group]]
| subunits       = 
| underlies      = [[Loma Gorda Formation]]
| overlies       = ''not observed''
| thickness      = up to {{convert|90|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| area           = 
| map            = Blakey 090Ma - COL.jpg
| map_caption    = Paleogeography of Northern South America<br />90 Ma, {{small|by Ron Blakey}}
| location       =
| coordinates    = {{coord|4|30|47|N|74|52|32|W|display=inline,title}}
| paleocoordinates = {{coord|3.0|S|52.0|W|display=inline}}
| region         = [[Upper Magdalena Valley]], [[Cordillera Central (Colombia)|Central]] & [[Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)|Eastern Ranges]], [[Andes]]
| country        = {{COL}}
| extent         = <!--{{convert||mi|km}}-->
| namedfor       = Quebrada Hondita
| namedby        = [[Jaime de Porta|De Porta]]
| year_ts        = 1966
| location_ts    = [[Piedras]], [[Tolima Department|Tolima]]
| coordinates_ts = {{coord|4|30|47|N|74|52|32|W|display=inline}}
| paleocoordinates_ts = 
| region_ts      = [[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarca]], [[Huila Department|Huila]], [[Tolima Department|Tolima]]
| country_ts     = {{COL}}
| thickness_ts   = <!--{{convert||m|ft|-1}}-->
}}
The '''Hondita Formation''' ({{lang-es|Formación Hondita}}, Ksh) is a [[List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colombia|fossiliferous]] [[formation (geology)|geological formation]] of the [[Upper Magdalena Valley]] (VSM) and surrounding [[Cordillera Central (Colombia)|Central]] and [[Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)|Eastern Ranges]] of the [[Colombia]]n [[Andes]], extending from [[Cundinamarca Department|Cundinamarca]] in the north to [[Huila Department|Huila]] and easternmost [[Tolima Department|Tolima]] in the south. The lowermost unit of the [[Güagüaquí Group]], a sequence of [[sandstone|sandy]] [[limestone]]s and [[shale]]s, dates to the [[Late Cretaceous]] period; [[Turonian]] epoch, and has a maximum thickness of {{convert|90|m|ft}}.

Fossils of ''[[Yaguarasaurus|Yaguarasaurus columbianus]]'', said to be found in the time-equivalent [[La Frontera Formation]] (listed as "La Frontera Member"), were actually recovered from the Hondita Formation as the stratigraphic unit present in the Quebradas El Ocal and Itaibe, Huila.

== Etymology ==
The formation was named in 1966 by [[Jaime de Porta|De Porta]], named after Quebrada Hondita in [[Piedras]], [[Tolima Department|Tolima]].<ref name=Acosta2002_p23>Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.23</ref>

== Description ==
=== Lithologies ===
The Hondita Formation is characterised by a sequence of [[sandstone|sandy]] [[limestone]]s and [[shale]]s with [[calcareous]] concretions up to {{convert|2|m|ft}} in diameter.<ref name=Acosta2002_p24>Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.24</ref> The formation has provided fossils of ''[[Pachyrhizodus|Pachyrhizodus etayoi]]'',<ref name=Paramo2001p68>Páramo, 2001, p.68</ref> ''[[Acanthoceras (ammonite)|Acanthoceras sp.]]'', ''[[Rhynchostreon|Rhynchostreon sp.]]'' near [[Aipe]], [[Huila Department|Huila]].<ref name=Patarroyo2011>Patarroyo, 2011</ref>

=== Stratigraphy and depositional environment ===
The Hondita Formation is the lowermost unit of the [[Güagüaquí Group]].<ref name=Acosta2002_p23/> It is overlain by the [[Loma Gorda Formation]] and its base has not been observed. The age has been estimated on the basis of ammonites to be [[Turonian]].<ref name=Acosta2002_p24/> Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the lower parts of the [[Chipaque Formation|Chipaque]], [[La Luna Formation|La Luna]] and [[La Frontera Formation]]s.<ref name=Acosta2002_p22>Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.22</ref> The formation was deposited in a relative highstand sequence with an oceanic oxygen depletion event, sharply marked in Colombia and characterised by the appearance of calcareous concretions with a thick [[pyrite]] rim.<ref name=Villamil_p173>Villamil, 2012, p.173</ref>

=== ''Yaguarasaurus'' ===
Fossils of ''[[Yaguarasaurus|Yaguarasaurus columbianus]]'' were described as coming from the "La Frontera Member", part of the "Villeta Formation", in the Quebrada El Ocal, {{convert|26|km|mi}} southwest of [[Neiva]], [[Huila Department|Huila]],<ref name=PDBYaguarasaurus>{{Paleodb|taxon|162668|''Yaguarasaurus columbianus''}}</ref><ref name=FWYaguarasaurus>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=122676 ''Yaguarasaurus columbianus''] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref> and in the Quebrada Itaibe {{convert|78|km|mi}} southwest of Neiva,<ref name=Paramo2000_p124>Páramo Fonseca, 2000, p.124</ref> although in these areas the Hondita Formation is mapped.<ref name=Plancha344>Plancha 344, 1999</ref><ref name=Plancha345>Plancha 345, 1999</ref>

== Outcrops ==
{{Location map | Colombia Tolima Department
| width   = 250
| lat_deg = 4.512984
| lon_deg = -74.875410
| relief = 1
| label   = 
| float = left
| position = right
| mark = Lightgreen pog.svg
| marksize = 12
| caption = Type locality of the Hondita Formation in Tolima
}}
The [[type locality (geology)|type locality]] of the Hondita Formation is located in Piedras, [[Tolima Department|Tolima]].<ref name=Acosta2002_p23/> Other [[outcrop]]s of the Hondita Formation have been noted east of the [[Magdalena River]] northeast of [[Honda, Tolima|Honda]],<ref name=Plancha207>Plancha 207, 2010</ref> west of [[Nariño, Cundinamarca|Nariño]],<ref name=Plancha245>Plancha 245, 1999</ref> west across the Magdalena River in [[San Luis, Tolima|San Luis]], [[Tolima Department|Tolima]],<ref name=Plancha264>Plancha 264, 2002</ref> between the [[Tetuán River|Tetuán]] and [[Saldaña River]]s west of [[Coyaima]] and east and west of [[Ataco]],<ref name=Plancha282>Plancha 282, 1993</ref> to the east of the [[Prado River reservoir]],<ref name=Plancha283>Plancha 283, 2009</ref> north and west of [[Aipe]],<ref name=Plancha302>Plancha 302, 1993</ref> surrounding [[Alpujarra, Tolima|Alpujarra]], Tolima,<ref name=Plancha303>Plancha 303, 2002</ref> south of [[Palermo, Huila|Palermo]], Huila, displaced by the [[Baché Fault]],<ref name=Plancha323>Plancha 323, 1998</ref> east of [[Iquira]],<ref name=Plancha344>Plancha 344, 1999</ref> north of [[Yaguará]],<ref name=Plancha345>Plancha 345, 1999</ref> south of [[La Plata, Huila|La Plata]] where the formation is cut by the [[Itaibe Fault]],<ref name=Plancha366>Plancha 366, 1998</ref> a small patch east of [[Gigante, Huila|Gigante]], Huila,<ref name=Plancha367>Plancha 367, 2003</ref> northwest and northeast of [[San Agustín, Huila|San Agustín]],<ref name=Plancha388>Plancha 388, 2002</ref> and north of [[Timaná]] surrounding the [[Magdalena River]].<ref name=Plancha389>Plancha 389, 2003</ref>

{{clearboth}}

== Regional correlations ==
{{Cretaceous stratigraphy of the central Colombian Eastern Ranges}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Colombia|Geology}}
:{{icon|FAC}} [[Eastern Hills, Bogotá#Geology|Geology of the Eastern Hills]]
:{{icon|B}} [[Ocetá Páramo#Geology|Geology of the Ocetá Páramo]]
:{{icon|C}} [[Altiplano Cundiboyacense#Geology|Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense]]
:{{icon|C}} [[Middle Magdalena Valley#Geology|Geology of the Middle Magdalena Valley]]

{{clearboth}}

== References ==
{{reflist|20em}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite LSA |last=Acosta |first=Jorge E. |last2=Ulloa |first2=Carlos E. |year=2002 |title=Mapa geológico del Departamento de Cundinamarca 1:250,000 - Memoria Explicativa |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1–108}}
* {{cite LSA |last=[[María Páramo|Páramo Fonseca]] |first=María Euridice |year=2001 |title=Los peces de la familia Pachyrhizodontidae (Teleostei) del Turoniano del Valle Superior del Magdalena |url=https://revistas.sgc.gov.co/index.php/boletingeo/article/view/190 |journal=[[Boletín Geológico]] |volume=39 |pages=51–83}}
* {{cite LSA |last=[[María Páramo|Páramo Fonseca]] |first=María Euridice |year=2000 |title=''Yaguarasaurus columbianus'' (Reptilia, Mosasauridae), a primitive mosasaur from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Colombia |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233048703_Yaguarasaurus_columbianus_Reptilia_Mosasauridae_a_primitive_mosasaur_from_the_Turonian_Upper_Cretaceous_of_Colombia |journal=[[Historical Biology]] |volume=14 |pages=121-131 |accessdate=2018-05-30}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Patarroyo |first=Pedro |year=2011 |title=Sucesión de Amonitas del Cretácico Superior (Cenomaniano-Coniaciano) de la parte más alta de la Formación Hondita y de la Formación Loma Gorda en la Quebrada Bambucá, Aipe - Huila (Colombia) |url=http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/boge/v33n1/v33n1a06.pdf |journal=Boletín de Geología, [[National University of Colombia|Universidad Nacional de Colombia]] |volume=33 |pages=69–92 |accessdate=2017-03-31}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Villamil |first=Tomas |year=2012 |title=Chronology Relative Sea Level History and a New Sequence Stratigraphic Model for Basinal Cretaceous Facies of Colombia |publisher=[[Society for Sedimentary Geology]] (SEPM) |pages=161–216}}

==== Maps ====
* {{cite LSA |last=Barrero L. |first=Darío |last2=Vesga O |first2=Carlos J. |year=2009 |title=Plancha 188 - La Dorada - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QZHIzODhsdnQ1QWc |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Barrero |first=Darío |last2=Vesga |first2=Carlos J. |year=2010 |title=Plancha 207 - Honda - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QSEtOd0RNNmRLZWc |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Acosta |first=Jorge E. |last2=Guatame |first2=Rafael |last3=Torres |first3=Oscar |last4=Solano |first4=Frank |year=1999 |title=Plancha 245 - Girardot - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QUmhEQTdMNmcxT28 |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Calcedo |first=Juan Carlos |last2=Terraza |first2=Roberto |year=2000 |title=Plancha 264 - Espinal - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QWXFlMThKQTBCRjA |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Carvajal |first=Cesar |last2=Fuquen |first2=Jaime |last3=Gómez |first3=Luis |year=1993 |title=Plancha 282 - Chaparral - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QdUdpMXJRelFRSzg |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Cossio |first=Ubaldo |last2=Rodríguez |first2=Gabriel |last3=Rodríguez |first3=Miguel |year=1995 |title=Plancha 283 - Purificación - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QWktmN3pteWF2ZjQ |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Fuquen |first=Jaime |last2=Rodríguez |first2=Gabriel |last3=Cossio |first3=Ubaldo |last4=Núñez |first4=Alberto |year=1993 |title=Plancha 302 - Aipe - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QRjduaGpKbHAxSTA |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Acosta |first=Jorge |last2=Caro |first2=Pablo |last3=Fuquen |first3=Jaime |last4=Osorno |first4=José |year=2002 |title=Plancha 303 - Colombia - 1:100,000 |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Ferreira |first=Paulina |last2=Núñez |first2=Alberto |last3=Rodríguez |first3=Miguel |year=1998 |title=Plancha 323 - Neiva - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QN1QwOFdWYkdNSXc |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Marquínez |first=Germán |last2=Morales |first2=C. |last3=Núñez |first3=Alberto |year=1999 |title=Plancha 344 - Tesalia - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QcU5Ecy1OS213Tm8 |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Velandia |first=F. |last2=Morales |first2=C.J. |last3=Caicedo |first3=J.C. |last4=Núñez |first4=Alberto |year=1999 |title=Plancha 345 - Campoalegre - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17Qb2FOUnpWYi1WZG8 |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Marquínez |first=Germán |last2=Rodríguez |first2=Yohana |last3=Terraza |first3=Roberto |last4=Martínez |first4=Mario |year=2003 |title=Plancha 365 - Coconuco - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QX2w2MnpuNGtHdVU |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Rodríguez |first=Gabriel |last2=Ferreira |first2=Paulina |last3=Velandia |first3=Francisco |last4=Núñez |first4=Alberto |year=1998 |title=Plancha 366 - Garzón - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QNXI4TXFkODRMUE0 |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Rodríguez |first=Gabriel |last2=Zapata |first2=Gilberto |last3=Velázquez |first3=M. |year=2003 |title=Plancha 367 - Gigante - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17Qc0lNRi1OUmxRZ0E |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Cárdenas |first=Jorge |last2=Fuquen |first2=Jaime |last3=Núñez |first3=Alberto |year=2002 |title=Plancha 388 - Pitalito - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QQmRfRU0tSmpITVk |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}
* {{cite LSA |last=Rodríguez |first=Gabriel |last2=Zapata |first2=Gilberto |last3=Velázquez |first3=M. |year=2003 |title=Plancha 389 - Timaná - 1:100,000 |url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0BwFQPMJEi17QMGJuMktSbk5jMnM |publisher=[[INGEOMINAS]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-06-06}}

== External links ==
* {{cite LSA |last=Gómez |first=J. |last2=Montes |first2=N.E. |last3=Nivia |first3=Á. |last4=Diederix |first4=H. |year=2015 |title=Plancha 5-09 del Atlas Geológico de Colombia 2015 – escala 1:500,000 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309533589_Plancha_5-09_del_Atlas_Geologico_de_Colombia_2015 |publisher=[[Servicio Geológico Colombiano]] |pages=1 |accessdate=2017-03-16}}

{{Paleontology in Colombia|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Geologic formations of Colombia]]
[[Category:Cretaceous Colombia]]
[[Category:Upper Cretaceous Series of South America]]
[[Category:Turonian Stage]]
[[Category:Limestone formations]]
[[Category:Shale formations]]
[[Category:Open marine deposits]]
[[Category:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of South America]]
[[Category:Paleontology in Colombia]]
[[Category:Geography of Cundinamarca Department|Formations]]
[[Category:Geography of Huila Department|Formations]]
[[Category:Geography of Tolima Department|Formations]]
[[Category:Magdalena River]]
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