Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Huang Hua

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Chinese revolutionary, politician and diplomat (1913–2010)}}
{{other people}}
{{family name hatnote|[[Huang (surname)|Huang]]|lang=Chinese}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Huang Hua
| native_name         = {{nobold|黄华}}
| native_name_lang    = zh-cn
| image               = Huang Hua (1978).jpg
| caption             = Huang in 1978
| office              = [[Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China]]
| term_start          = 10 September 1980
| term_end            = 4 May 1982
| premier             = [[Zhao Ziyang]]
| office1             = 5th [[Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| term_start1         = 3 December 1976
| term_end1           = 19 November 1982
| premier1            = [[Hua Guofeng]]<br/>[[Zhao Ziyang]]
| predecessor1        = [[Qiao Guanhua]]
| successor1          = [[Wu Xueqian]]
| office2             = [[Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations]]
| term_start2         = 2 November 1971
| term_end2           = 29 November 1976
| predecessor2        = [[Liu Chieh]] (representing the Republic of China)
| successor2          = [[Chen Chu (diplomat)|Chen Chu]]
| birth_name          = Wang Rumei
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1913|1|25}}
| birth_place         = [[Ci County]], [[Zhili]], [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|2010|11|24|1913|1|25}}
| death_place         = [[Beijing]], [[People's Republic of China]]
| spouse              = He Liliang ([[:zh:何理良|何理良]])<ref name=barboza/>
| party               = [[Chinese Communist Party]]
}}
'''Huang Hua''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|hw|æ|ŋ|_|ˈ|hw|ɑː}};<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/huang-hua "Huang Hua"]. ''[[Collins English Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{zh|s=黄华|p=Huáng Huá}}; January 25, 1913 – November 24, 2010) was a senior Chinese Communist revolutionary, politician, and diplomat. He served as [[Foreign Minister of China]] from 1976 to 1982, and concurrently as Vice Premier from 1980 to 1982. He was instrumental in establishing diplomatic links of the People's Republic of China with the United States and Japan, and was intensely involved in the negotiations with the United Kingdom over the status of [[Hong Kong]].<ref name=barboza>{{cite news |first=David |last=Barboza |title=Huang Hua, 97, a Diplomat Who Served China, Dies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/25/world/asia/25huang.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date= November 24, 2010 |access-date=30 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=brown>{{cite news |first=Kerry |last=Brown |title=Huang Hua obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/nov/25/huang-hua-obituary |date= November 24, 2010 |access-date=30 August 2015}}</ref>

==Biography==
[[File:Huang Hua.Jpg|left|thumb|Huang Hua]]
Huang Hua was born '''Wang Rumei''' in [[Ci County]], [[Hebei]] Province in 1913.<ref name=barboza/> His studies were disrupted due to the [[Chinese Civil War]], leading him to continue his studies in [[northeast China]], which itself was [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria|invaded by Japan]] in 1931. In 1932, he enrolled in the  [[Yenching University]] in Beijing, where he was one of the early students.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=42}} There, he learned excellent English and developed a close relationship with [[John Leighton Stuart]], the American missionary who founded Yenching.<ref name="Song2006">{{cite book|author=Yuwu Song|title=Encyclopedia of Chinese-American Relations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y5c-CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA138|date=18 July 2006|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-4593-6|page=138}}</ref> He also talked with left-wing professors and read Marxist books, leading him to support communism.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=42}}

=== Yan'an ===
In 1936, he joined the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) at Yenching, and assumed the name Huang Hua. Later that year, he accompanied American journalist [[Edgar Snow]] to the [[revolutionary base area]] in [[Yan'an]], acting as the interpreter between Snow and the Communist leaders including [[Mao Zedong]]. Snow wrote the book ''[[Red Star Over China]]'', which introduced the Chinese Communists to the world. Huang Hua remained in Yan'an after Snow left, and worked as an assistant to Marshal [[Zhu De]] and later as secretary of Marshal [[Ye Jianying]].<ref name="brown" />

During Mao's [[Yan'an Rectification Movement|Rectification Movement]] which started in 1942, Huang was reported by another CCP member for using his boss's official seal without permission. Due to protection from Zhu De, Huang managed to avoid repercussions.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=51}} In 1944, the United States dispatched an Army Observer Group to Yan'an to assess the CCP and its military capabilities, prompting the CCP to create a Foreign Affairs Group to receive the guests. Huang was put in charge of the Group's translation affairs.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=53}} During US Army General [[George C. Marshall]]'s [[Marshall Mission|peace missions]] to China, Huang served as the translator for the CCP side.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=51}}

=== People's Republic of China ===
After the CCP [[Yangtze River Crossing campaign|took over Nanjing]] in April 1949, Huang was sent to the city to take over the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]'s foreign ministry and send ministerial documents to Beijing. He was also authorized by Mao to meet John Leighton Stuart, who was by now the [[List of ambassadors of the United States to China|US Ambassador to China]], though the talks ultimately failed.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=56–57}} Mao [[proclamation of the People's Republic of China|proclamated of the People's Republic of China]] in 1 October 1949, and Huang's English skills ensured him a position in the newly established Ministry of Foreign Affairs.<ref name="brown" /> Initially staying in Nanjing, Huang was later transferred to handle foreign affairs in [[Shanghai]]. In 1953, he was involved in the [[Korean War]] armistice talks.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=56–57}} He was also part of the initial contacts with the [[United States]] in [[Warsaw]], [[Poland]] in 1958.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=78}}

During the 1960s, Huang spent much of his time abroad serving as ambassador to [[Ghana]] and then [[Egypt]]. By summer 1967, Huang, ambassador to Egypt at this time, was China's only remaining ambassador overseas due to the [[Cultural Revolution]].{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=114}} When he returned home during the height of the Cultural Revolution, he was arrested along with his wife and banished to labor reform in the countryside. His exile did not last long however, as he was rehabilitated in 1970, and served as Mao's translator during an interview with Edgar Snow in August 1970.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=124}}

Beginning in 1971, Huang was the first Permanent Representative to the UN from the People's Republic of China after the UN seat was transferred to the mainland Chinese government.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=128}} Huang also signed the Sino-Japanese [[Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China|Peace and Friendship Treaty]] with Japanese Foreign Minister Sonoda on August 12, 1978.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

After Mao Zedong's death in 1976, Foreign Minister [[Qiao Guanhua]], an ally of the radical [[Gang of Four]], was dismissed from his post and Huang appointed as his replacement.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=145}} Huang accompanied Chinese leader [[Deng Xiaoping]] during his [[Visit by Deng Xiaoping to the United States|visit to the United States]] in January 1979, which led to the establishing of diplomatic relations.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=148}} Along with Premier [[Zhao Ziyang]], Huang participated in the 1981 [[North–South Summit]]. At the summit, Huang received instructions from Zhao to soften the PRC's anti-Soviet talking points. Huang and his deputy Pu Shoucang did not comply, which Zhao saw as a challenge to his authority.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=156}}

When Soviet leader [[Leonid Brezhnev]] died in November 1982, a Chinese delegation headed by Huang Hua as  Foreign Minister attended the funeral, where Huang praised the late Soviet leader as "an outstanding champion of world peace," and expressed his hope for normalized relations with Moscow. This was during the [[Sino-Soviet split]], when PRC and the USSR [[Sino-Soviet split#Competing_hegemonies|competed for influence]] in the world. Huang was succeeded as Foreign Minister by [[Wu Xueqian]] after his return to China.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=157}} Huang nevertheless stayed active in "friendship diplomacy" after his retirement, meeting [[Henry Kissinger]] during the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] in Beijing.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=157}} Huang died on 24 November 2010 at the age of 97.<ref name="brown" />

==Personal life==
In 1944 in Yan'an, Huang married He Liliang (born July 1926). They had two sons and one daughter.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.krzzjn.com/html/57624.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125609/http://www.krzzjn.com/html/57624.html |archive-date=2018-01-22 |title=何理良：和黄华携手走过的日子 - 亲历者口述 - 抗日战争纪念网}}</ref>

==References==

=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Martin |first=Peter |title=China's Civilian Army: The Making of Wolf Warrior Diplomacy |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9780197513705 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780197513705.001.0001}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/ziliao_665539/wjrw_665549/3606_665551/t44159.shtml Huang Hua] on Chinese Foreign Ministry

{{-}}
{{S-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box | before = [[Qiao Guanhua]] | title = [[Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China]] | years = 1976–1982 | after = [[Wu Xueqian]]}}
{{s-dip}}
{{Succession box
|title  = [[Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations|Permanent Representative and Ambassador of China to the United Nations]]
|before = [[Liu Chieh]]<br/><small>Representing the Republic of China</small>
|years  = 1971–1976
|after  = [[Chen Chu (diplomat)|Chen Chu]]}}
{{end box}}

{{NPCSC Vice-Chairpersons}}
{{Vice Premiers of the People's Republic of China}}
{{State councillors}}
{{Foreign Ministers of the People's Republic of China}}
{{ChinaUNRepresentative}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Huang, Hua}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Chinese politicians]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of China to Ghana]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of China to Egypt]]
[[Category:Foreign ministers of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Permanent Representatives of the People's Republic of China to the United Nations]]
[[Category:Politicians from Handan]]
[[Category:State councillors of China]]
[[Category:Vice Chairpersons of the National People's Congress]]
[[Category:Yenching University alumni]]
[[Category:Burials at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery]]
{{Навигационная таблица/Портал/Английская Википедия}}
[[Категория:Английская Википедия]]
[[Категория:Википедия]]
[[Категория:Статья из Википедии]]
[[Категория:Статья из Английской Википедии]]