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{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|1985 category 4 Pacific hurricane}}
{{Merge to|1985 Pacific hurricane season|discuss=Talk:1985 Pacific hurricane season#Proposed merge of Hurricane Ignacio (1985) into 1985 Pacific hurricane season|date=January 2024}}
{{good article}}
{{infobox weather event
| name = Hurricane Ignacio
| image = Ignacio 1985-07-23 1830Z.png
| caption = Hurricane Ignacio at peak intensity east of the [[Hawaiian Islands]] on July 23
| formed = July 21, 1985
| dissipated = July 27, 1985
}}{{infobox weather event/NWS
| winds = 115
| pressure = 960
}}{{infobox weather event/Effects
| year = 1985
| fatalities = None
| damage = Minimal
| areas = [[Hawaii]]
| refs = 
}}{{infobox weather event/Footer
| season = [[1985 Pacific hurricane season]]
}}

'''Hurricane Ignacio''' was a Pacific hurricane that threatened [[Hawaii]] during July 1985, but ultimately had little impact on the island chain. Ignacio was the eleventh [[tropical cyclone]], ninth named storm, and third hurricane and major hurricane of the very active [[1985 Pacific hurricane season]]. A tropical depression formed on July 21 far from land. It became Tropical Storm Ignacio later that day. Ignacio then rapidly intensified and peaked with 130&nbsp;mph (215&nbsp;km/h) winds on July 24. Ignacio weakened quickly, though it briefly leveled off in intensity as a Category 2 hurricane. Ignacio was downgraded into a tropical storm on July 26 while passing south of Hawaii. Continuing to weaken, Ignacio dissipated on July 27. A [[tropical cyclone warnings and watches|hurricane watch]] was briefly issued for the [[Hawaiian Islands]] even though the watch was dropped when Ignacio weakened. However, Ignacio still brought high waves and light rainfall to the islands. A few roads were closed, but otherwise, damage was minimal.

==Meteorological history==
{{storm path|Ignacio 1985 track.png}}
Based on data from the ships ''UJGN'' and ''Okean'' and [[satellite imagery]], the next [[tropical cyclone]] of 1985 was spotted early on July 21 while located {{convert|1623|mi|km|abbr=on}} southwest of [[San Diego]]. Situated over {{convert|81|F|C|abbr=on}} [[sea surface temperatures]], the depression attained tropical storm intensity a few hours later.<ref name=MWR /> Intensifying further west than normal,<ref name="CPHC">{{cite web|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/1985.php|title=The 1985 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season|publisher=[[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]]|access-date=July 25, 2011}}</ref> the storm reached winds of 70&nbsp;mph (140&nbsp;km/h) roughly 24 hours after formation. Nine hours later, the [[Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center]] dropped advisories on Ignacio as it had left their [[area of responsibility]] and into the [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]]'s (CPHC) warning zone.<ref name=MWR>{{cite journal|last=Gunther|first=Emil B.|author2=Cross, R.L. |title=Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1985|journal=Monthly Weather Review|date=October 1986|volume=114|issue=10|pages=1931–1949|doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<1931:ENPTCO>2.0.CO;2|bibcode = 1986MWRv..114.1931G |doi-access=free}}</ref>

A [[Hurricane Hunter]] aircraft investigated Ignacio at daybreak on July 22, and found that Ignacio had developed a well-defined [[eye (cyclone)|eye]] and winds of 85&nbsp;mph (165&nbsp;km/h). Based on this, the CPHC upgraded Ignacio to hurricane status. Continuing to rapidly intensify, Hurricane Ignacio moved west-northwest at {{convert|10|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and was soon upgraded into Category 2 status on the [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale]] (SSHS). Several hours later, the hurricane attained major hurricane status, Category 3 or higher on the SSHS. Later that day, a Hurricane Hunter aircraft discovered that Hurricane Ignacio had reached its peak wind speed of 130&nbsp;mph (210&nbsp;km/h) and a central pressure of {{convert|960|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}, making Ignacio one of the most intense hurricane to traverse the Central Pacific.<ref name=CPHC />

The hurricane held peak intensity for several hours, however, an upper [[trough (meteorology)|trough]] northwest of the [[Hawaiian Islands]] was gradually approaching Ignacio. Subsequently, the environment was rapidly becoming less conductive as the trough induced increased southwesterly [[wind shear]] and introduced colder and drier air into Ignacio's [[atmospheric circulation|circulation]]. By 1800 UTC July 24, Ignacio was no longer a major hurricane as satellite imagery suggested that the eye had become irregular and soon disappeared. Air Force aircraft confirmed the weakening trend despite being located in an area where other hurricanes such as [[Hurricane Dot (1959)|Hurricane Dot]] in [[1959 Pacific hurricane season|1959]] and [[Hurricane Fico]] in [[1978 Pacific hurricane season|1978]] maintained their intensity around the same time of the year. Minor re-intensification may have occurred the next day as the eye re-developed,<ref name=CPHC /> however, this theory is not supported in the [[HURDAT|hurricane database]].{{EPAC hurricane best track}}

The hurricane resumed its westerly course, and Hurricane Ignacio was downgraded a Category 1 hurricane at 1800 UTC on July 25, and a tropical storm the next day. While passing south of [[Hawaii]], Ignacio dropped to tropical depression status early on July 27, and dissipated shortly after that.<ref name=CPHC />

==Preparations and impact==
Because of a strong trough was located northwest of Ignacio, many [[tropical cyclone forecast model]]s predicted a more northerly track than what ultimately occurred.<ref name=CPHC /> By July 24, a [[high surf advisory]] was in effect for east-facing shores of [[Hawaii]];<ref>{{cite news|title=Hawaii Preparing For Hurricane Ignacio|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1985-07-25/news/0310430098_1_hurricane-ignacio-air-force-hurricane-island-of-hawaii|access-date=July 24, 2012|newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|agency=United Press International}}</ref> subsequently, a [[tropical cyclone watches and warnings|hurricane watch]] was issued at 0300 [[UTC]] July 25 for the [[Hawaii (island)|Big Island]] of Hawaii<ref name=CPHC /> Because the island chain only recently recovered from the devastating [[Hurricane Iwa]] during the [[1982 Pacific hurricane season]],<ref name=HD>{{cite news|title=Hurricane downgraded|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2JFTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=AIcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2440,17172&dq=hurricane+ignacio&hl=en|access-date=July 24, 2012|newspaper=[[The Bulletin (Bend)|The Bulletin]]|date=July 26, 1985|agency=[[United Press International]]}}</ref> civil defense authorities evacuated low-lying residents. One drugstore opened a special hurricane supplies center. In addition, beach activities on south-facing shores were cancelled.<ref name=TLJ>{{cite news|title=Hawaii braces for Hurricane Ignacio|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RAxHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gfMMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1562,2820476&dq=hurricane+ignacio+hawaii&hl=en|access-date=July 24, 2012|newspaper=[[The Lewiston Journal]]|date=July 25, 1985|agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Roughly 24 hours after the hurricane watch was issued, the watch was cancelled as Ignacio resumed weakening<ref name=CPHC /> though a [[small craft advisory]] initially remained in effect for the Hawaiian Islands.<ref name=HIDTTSS />

Ignacio resulted in {{convert|10|ft|m|abbr=on}} to {{convert|15|ft|m|abbr=on}} surf, peaking midday on July 25. Rainfall from the storm was generally light, with a few reports exceeding {{convert|2|in|mm|abbr=on}} on the windward slopes of [[Maui]] and the Big Island. Some structures and roads near [[Kalapana, Hawaii|Kalapana]] and [[Kapoh]] were damaged.<ref name=CPHC /> Many secondary roads that led to the beaches were closed. Picnic areas and nature trails in [[Hawaii Volcanoes National Park]] were closed and overnight camping throughout the state was banned.<ref name=HIDTTSS>{{cite news|title=Hurricane Ignacio Down to Tropical Storm Status|url=https://apnews.com/4ec88887e5707793ca106f083d9e5ffd|access-date=July 24, 2012|date=June 26, 1985|work=Associated Press News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hurricane's 10-Foot Waves Strike Hawaii|newspaper=San Jose Mercury News|date=July 26, 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|tropical cyclones}}
*[[List of Pacific hurricanes]]
*[[1985 Pacific hurricane season]]
*[[Timeline of the 1985 Pacific hurricane season]]
*[[Hurricane Estelle (1986)]]
*[[Hurricane Hector (2018)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Category 4 Pacific hurricanes}}
{{1985 Pacific hurricane season buttons}}

[[Category:1985 Pacific hurricane season|Ignacio (1985)]]
[[Category:Hurricanes in Hawaii|Ignacio (1985)]]
[[Category:1985 in Hawaii]]
[[Category:Category 4 Pacific hurricanes|Ignacio (1985)]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 1985|Ignacio]]
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