Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:International Paralympic Committee

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Global governing body for the Paralympic Movement}}
{{Other uses|IPC (disambiguation){{!}}IPC}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox organization
|name         = International Paralympic Committee<br />''Internationales Paralympisches Komitee''
|image        = Logo of the International Paralympic Committee 2019.svg
|type         = [[List of international sport federations|Sports federation]]
|formation    = {{Start date and years ago|1989|9|22|df=yes}}
|headquarters = [[Bonn, Germany]]
|membership   = 183 [[National Paralympic Committee]]s <small>(September 2023)</small>
|leader_title = President
|leader_name  = {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Andrew Parsons (sports administrator)|Andrew Parsons]]
|leader_title2 = Vice President
|leader_name2  = {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Duane Kale]]
|language     = [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], and the host country's official language when necessary
|website      = {{Official URL}}<ref name=":0"/>
|footnotes    = '''Anthem:''' [[Paralympic Anthem]]<br /> 
}}
{{Paralympic Games infobox}}

The '''International Paralympic Committee''' ('''IPC'''; {{lang-de|Internationales Paralympisches Komitee}}) is an international non-profit organisation and the global governing body for the Paralympic Movement. The IPC organizes the [[Paralympic Games]] and functions as the international federation for nine sports. Founded on 22 September 1989 in [[Düsseldorf]], [[West Germany]], its mission is to "enable Paralympic athletes to achieve sporting excellence and inspire and excite the world". Furthermore, the IPC aims to promote the Paralympic values and to create sport opportunities for all persons with a disability, from beginner to elite level.

The IPC has a democratic constitution and structure and is composed of representatives from 183 [[National Paralympic Committee]]s (NPCs),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paralympic family grows to 208 as IPC welcomes five new members |url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/paralympic-family-grows-208-ipc-welcomes-five-new-members |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=International Paralympic Committee |language=en}}</ref> four international organizations of sport for the disabled (IOSDs) and five regional organizations.{{efn|IPC contains [[Asian Paralympic Committee]] (APC),  [[African Sports Confederation of Disabled]] (ASCD), [[Americas Paralympic Committee]] (APC), [[European Paralympic Committee]] (EPC), [[Oceania Paralympic Committee]] (OPC).}} The IPC's headquarters is located in [[Bonn, Germany]].

== Overview==
On the basis of being able to organize the [[Paralympic Games]] more efficiently and to give the Paralympic movement one voice, the four international organizations of sports for the disabled, founded the International Co-ordination Committee of World Sports Organizations for the Disabled (ICC) in 1982. In the upcoming years, other organizations joined and the need for a democratically guided organization emerged, demanded by the nations participating in the Paralympic Movement. They desired a democratic structure, to improve national and regional representation, which led to the foundation of the IPC as it is known today. The [[1994 Winter Paralympics]], Norway, were the first to be organized by the IPC.

The IPC functions as an umbrella organization, representing several sports and disabilities, in contrast to other international sports organizations for athletes with a disability, which are predominantly limited to a single sport or disability (as well as the [[International Olympic Committee]], who relies on separate member sanctioning bodies representing each Olympic sport).

A fifteen-member Governing Board oversees the IPC between meetings of the General Assembly. Robert D. Steadward became the first President in 1989. Since 2017, [[Andrew Parsons (sports administrator)|Andrew Parsons]] is President of the IPC.

==Presidents==
{{anchor|Presidents}}
The International Paralympic Committee has had three presidents to date. Its founding president, who presided it from 1989 to 2001, was the Canadian [[Robert Steadward]], who had previously founded the Canadian Sports Fund for the Physically Disabled.<ref name=":0">[http://www.paralympic.ca/en/About-Us/Robert-Steadward-builder.html "Robert Steadward, builder"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091225193054/http://www.paralympic.ca/en/About-Us/Robert-Steadward-builder.html |date=25 December 2009 }}, Canadian Paralympic Committee</ref> He was succeeded in 2001 by [[Sir Philip Craven|Philip Craven]], a British Paralympian and former President of the [[International Wheelchair Basketball Federation]], who served as president until 2017. Craven was succeeded by Brazil's [[Andrew Parsons (sport administrator)|Andrew Parsons]], IPC Vice President from 2013 to 2017 and a former President of the [[Brazilian Paralympic Committee]].<ref name="GB2021" />

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image
! Name
! Country
! Term
|-
| [[File:Robert Steadward IFAPA Inaugural Steadward Talks.jpg|80px]]
| [[Robert Steadward]]
| {{flag|Canada}}
| 1989–2001
|- 
| [[File:Sir Philip Craven, MBE.jpg|80px]]
| [[Philip Craven|Sir Philip Craven]]
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| 2001–2017
|-
| [[File:Rio lança uniformes para cerimônias de abertura e encerramento Paralímpicos (27789846811) (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| [[Andrew Parsons (sport administrator)|Andrew Parsons]]
| {{flag|Brazil}}
| 2017–
|}

== Governing Board ==
[[File:Germany Bonn IPC 2009 06 28.jpg|thumb|IPC headquarters in Bonn]]
The IPC Governing Board consists of 14 members, of which 12 are elected at the General Assembly, including the President and Vice President.  The most recent election for the Governing Board was held on 12 December 2021:<ref name="GB2021">{{cite web | url = https://www.paralympic.org/news/andrew-parsons-re-elected-ipc-president-second-term | title = Andrew Parsons re-elected as IPC President for second term | date = 12 December 2021 | website = paralympic.org | publisher = International Paralympic Committee | access-date = 30 November 2022 }}</ref>
* [[Andrew Parsons (sport administrator)|Andrew Parsons]], President
* [[Duane Kale]], Vice President
* Debra Alexander
* Mohamed Alhameli
* Jai-Jun Choung
* Marianna "Muffy" Davis
* Chelsey Gotell
* Miki Matheson
* Luca Pancalli
* John Petersson
* Majid Rashed
* Robyn Smith

The IPC Athletes' Council Chairperson, Jitske Visser, and IPC Athletes' Council First Vice Chairperson, Josh Dueck, also have voting rights on the board.

== IPC Honorary Board ==
The IPC has an honorary board of distinguished individuals who support the IPC's goals and use their profile to raise funds and awareness for its work.<ref>{{cite web|title=Honorary Board|url=http://www.paralympic.org/TheIPC/HWA/HonoraryBoard|publisher=IPC|access-date=17 October 2013|archive-date=28 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328071100/http://www.paralympic.org/TheIPC/HWA/HonoraryBoard|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Current honorary board members are:
* [[Princess Margriet of the Netherlands]]
* [[Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg]]
* [[Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden|Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden]]
* [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Prince Albert of Monaco]]
* [[James Wolfensohn]], former President of the [[World Bank]]
* [[Maria Guleghina]], opera singer 
* [[Princess Haya Bint Al Hussein]]
* [[Thérèse Rein]], Founder of [[Ingeus]]
* [[Princess Astrid of Belgium]].

==History==
{{prose|date=April 2019}}
Chronology of milestones in the development of the International Paralympic Committee and the [[Summer Paralympics|Summer]] and [[Winter Paralympics]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:50px;"| Year
! style="width:1000px;"| Event
|-
|1944||[[Ludwig Guttmann|Dr Ludwig Guttmann]] established the Spinal Injuries Centre at the [[Stoke Mandeville Hospital]].<ref name=handbook>{{cite book|last1=Vanlandewijck|first1=Yves|title=The Paralympic Athlete : Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science|url=https://archive.org/details/paralympicathlet00vanl|url-access=limited|date=2011|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=Chichester, West Sussex|pages=[https://archive.org/details/paralympicathlet00vanl/page/n19 3]–30|isbn=9781444334043 }}</ref><ref name=DePauw/>
|-
|1948||On 29 July, the day of the Opening Ceremony of the [[1948 Summer Olympics|London 1948 Olympic Games]], [[Ludwig Guttmann|Dr Ludwig Guttmann]] organised the first competition for wheelchair athletes which he named the Stoke Mandeville Games, a milestone in Paralympics history. They involved 16 injured servicemen and women who took part in archery<ref name=history>{{cite web|title=Paralympics – History of the movement|url=http://www.paralympic.org/theipc/hwa/historyofthemovement|website=International Paralympic Committee website|access-date=4 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
|1952||Dutch ex-servicemen travelled to England to compete against British athletes and this led to the establishment of the [[International Stoke Mandeville Games]].<ref name=history/> 
|-
|1955||[[International Committee of Sports for the Deaf]] (CISS) officially recognized by the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC).<ref name=DePauw/> 
|-
|1960||18 – 25 September – [[1960 Summer Paralympics|Rome Summer Paralympics]] – 400 athletes from 23 countries; 57 events in 8 sports.<ref name=summer>{{cite web|title=Summer Games Overview|url=http://www.paralympic.org/ParalympicGames/SummerOverview|website=International Paralympic Committee website|access-date=10 March 2015|archive-date=7 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507095224/http://paralympic.org/ParalympicGames/SummerOverview|url-status=dead}}</ref> These Games became known as the 1st Summer Paralympic Games and were the 9th International Stoke Mandeville Games. The Games followed the [[1960 Summer Olympics|Rome Olympics]] and used same venues.
|-
|1960||International Stoke Mandeville Games Committee (ISMGC) established.<ref name=DePauw>{{cite book|last1=DePauw|first1=Karen|title=Disability sport|date=2005|publisher=Human Kinetics|location=Champaign, Ill.|pages=277–287|edition=2nd|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
|-
|1962||[[International Sports Organisation for the Disabled]] (IOSD) was established to assist visually impaired, amputees, persons with cerebral palsy and paraplegics who were not eligible to compete at the [[International Stoke Mandeville Games]].<ref name=history/>
|-
|1964||3 – 12 November – [[1964 Summer Paralympics|Tokyo Summer Paralympics]] – 375 athletes from 21 countries; 144 events in 9 sports. Weightlifting added to the program.<ref name=summer/> Opening ceremony held in front of 5,000 spectators.<ref name=ottoblock/>

|-
|1968||4–13 November – [[1968 Summer Paralympics|Tel Aviv Summer Paralympics]] – 750 athletes from 29 countries; 181 events in 10 sports.<ref name=summer/> New sports included lawn bowls, women's basketball and Men's 100m wheelchair race.
|-
|1972||2 – 11 August – [[1972 Summer Paralympics|Heidelberg Summer Paralympics]] – 984 athletes from 43 countries; 1987 events in 10 sports.<ref name=summer/> Events for quadriplegic added to program for the first time.<ref name=summer/> Demonstration events for visually impaired athletes.<ref name=summer/> Heidelberg was used as the Olympic Village in Munich was unavailable as it was converted into private apartments.<ref name=ottoblock/>

|-
|1976||3–11 August – [[1976 Summer Paralympics|Toronto Summer Paralympics]] – 1657 athletes from 38 countries; 447 events in 13 sports.<ref name=summer/> Amputee and vision impaired athletes competed for the first time.<ref name=handbook/><ref name=DePauw/> [[Goalball at the Summer Paralympics|goalball]], [[Shooting at the Summer Paralympics|shooting]] and [[Volleyball at the Summer Paralympics|standing volleyball]] added to program.<ref name=summer/> Specialized racing wheelchairs used for the first time.<ref name=summer/>
|-
|1976||21–28 February – [[1976 Winter Paralympics|Örnsköldsvik Winter Paralympics]] – 198 athletes from 16 countries; 53 events in 2 sports. First [[Winter Paralympics]]. Games demonstrated innovations in ski equipment design with 'three-track skiing' using crutches. Demonstration event was sledge racing.<ref name=winter>{{cite web|title=Winter Games Overview|url=http://www.paralympic.org/ParalympicGames/WinterOverview|website=International Paralympic Committee website|access-date=10 March 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319052949/http://www.paralympic.org/ParalympicGames/WinterOverview|archive-date=19 March 2015}}</ref>  
|-
|1976||[[UNESCO]] Conference established the right for people with a disability to participate in sport and physical education.<ref name=DePauw/>
|-
|1980||21–30 June – [[1980 Summer Paralympics|Arnhem Summer Paralympics]] – 1973 athletes from 42 countries; 489 events in 12 sports. [[Sitting volleyball]] added to the program.<ref name=summer/> Moscow declined to host the Games.<ref name=ottoblock/> Cerebral palsy athletes compete for the first time.<ref name=handbook/><ref name=summer/> There were 12,000 spectators at the opening ceremony.<ref name=ottoblock/>
|-
|1980||1–7 February – [[1980 Winter Paralympics|Geilo Winter Paralympics]] – 350 athletes from 18 countries;<ref name=winter/> 63 events in 2 sports. Amputee, visual impairment and les autres compete for the first time at a Winter Games.<ref name=winter/>
|-
|1982||[[International Co-ordination Committee of World Sports Organisations for the Disabled]] (ICC) was established by the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) due to the need for a single governing body to look after disability sport<ref name=handbook/><ref name=inside/>
|-
|1984||17–30 June (US) / 22 July – 1 August (UK) – [[1984 Summer Paralympics|Stoke Mandeville/New York Summer Paralympics]] – 1100 athletes from 41 countries (UK) and 1,800 from 45 countries (USA); 903 events in 18 sports.<ref name=summer/> New York Games were held at the [[Hofstra University]] and events were held for amputees, les austres, cerebral palsy and vision impaired athletes. Stoke Mandeville Games were for athletes with a spinal cord disability. It was decided that future Games should be held in one city. [[Boccia at the Summer Paralympics|boccia]], [[Cycling at the Summer Paralympics|road cycling]] and [[football 7-a-side]] added to program.<ref name=summer/>
|-
|1984||14–20 January – [[1984 Winter Paralympics|Innsbruck Winter Paralympics]] – 457 athletes from 21 countries;<ref name=winter/> 107 events in 3 sports. Cerebral palsy athletes compete for the first time.<ref name=winter/>
|-
|1984||[[1984 Summer Olympics|1984 Los Angeles Olympics]] included Men's 1500m and Women's 800m wheelchair races as demonstration events.
|-
|1984||The term Paralympic Games approved by the IOC.<ref name=DePauw/> It was used in the lead up to the [[1988 Summer Paralympics|1988 Seoul Paralympics]].<ref name=handbook/>
|-
|1988||18–24 October – [[1988 Summer Paralympics|Seoul Summer Paralympics]] – 3057 athletes from 61 countries; 732 events in 16 sports. The Games utilized Olympic facilities.<ref name=summer/> For the first time [[short stature]] athletes competed in the [[les autres]] category.<ref name=handbook/> [[Judo at the Summer Paralympics|Judo]] was added to the program<ref name=summer/> and [[Wheelchair tennis at the Summer Paralympics|Wheelchair tennis]] was a demonstration sport.
|-
|1988||17–24 January – [[1988 Winter Paralympics|Innsbruck Winter Paralympics]] – 397 athletes from 22 countries;<ref name=winter/> 96 events in 4 sports. [[Sit ski]] events introduced in the sports of [[Alpine skiing at the Winter Paralympics|alpine]] and [[Nordic skking at the Winter Paralympics|Nordic skiing]].<ref name=winter/> 
|-
|1989||On 22 September, International Paralympic Committee (IPC) replaced the ICC as the governing body of the Paralympic movement with Canadian [[Robert Steadward]] as its inaugural President.<ref name=ipc>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.paralympic.org/the-ipc/about-us|website=International Paralympic Committee website|access-date=4 March 2015}}</ref><ref name=25year>{{cite web|title=25-year anniversary of the IPC|url=http://www.paralympic.org/ipc-25-year-anniversary/history|website=International Paralympic Committee website|access-date=10 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
|1990||ISMFG changed its name to [[International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation]] (ISMWSF).
|-
|1990|| IPC agreement with the ICC so that it remained responsible for the Paralympic Games until after the [[1992 Summer Paralympics|1992 Barcelona Paralympic Games]].<ref name=25year/>
|-
|1992||3–14 September – [[1992 Summer Paralympics|Barcelona Summer Paralympics]] – 3001 athletes from 33 countries:<ref name=summer/> 431 events in 16 sports [[Wheelchair tennis at the Summer Paralympics|Wheelchair tennis]] was a medal sport for the first time. IOC President [[Juan Antonio Samaranch]] attended and endorsed the Games.<ref name=DePauw/> Inaugural Paralympics for Persons with an Intellectual Disability held in [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] immediately after the Games.<ref name=summer/> Final Games organized by ICC.<ref name=25year/>
|-
|1992||25 March – 1 April – [[1992 Winter Paralympics|Tignes/Albertville Winter Paralympics]] – 475 athletes from 24 countries;<ref name=winter/> 78 events in 3 sports. [[Biathlon at the Winter Paralympics|Biathlon]] added to the program.<ref name=winter/> Demonstration events held for athletes with an intellectual disability in alpine and cross country skiing.<ref name=winter/> First Winter Games to share Olympic venues.<ref name=winter/>
|-
|1992||The ''Mind, Body and Spirit'' logo (3 tae-guks) adopted by IPC and used until 2003.<ref name=handbook/><ref name=25year/>
|-
|1993||IPC established a Sport Science Committee.<ref name=DePauw/>
|-
|1994||10–19 March – [[1994 Winter Paralympics|Lillehammer Winter Paralympics]] – 492 athletes from 31 countries;<ref name=winter/> 133 events in 5 sports. First Winter Games held under IPC control and Games aligned to revised [[Winter Olympic Games]] four-year schedule. [[Ice sledge hockey]] added to the program.<ref name=winter/>
|-
|1995||International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (CISS) withdraws from the IPC.<ref name=25year/>
|-
|1996||16–25 August – [[1996 Summer Paralympics|Atlanta Summer Paralympics]] – 3259 athletes from 104 countries; 508 events in 20 sports. Athletes with an intellectual disability included for the first time at a Summer Games. [[Equestrian at the Summer Paralympics|equestrian]] and [[Cycling at the Summer Paralympics|track cycling]] discipline added to the program<ref name=summer/> and [[Sailing at the Summer Paralympics|sailing]] was a demonstration sport. IPC officially hosted the Games for the first time and assumed responsibility for future Games.<ref name=DePauw/> First Games to attract worldwide sponsorship. 12,000 volunteers assisted with the operation of the Games.<ref name=ottoblock/>
|-
|1998||5–14 March – [[1998 Winter Paralympics|Nagano Winter Paralympics]] – 571 athletes from 32 countries;<ref name=winter/> 122 events in 4 sports. Athletes with an intellectual disability included for the first time at a Winter Games. With the internet in its infancy, the official website recorded 7.7 million hits during the Games.<ref name=ottoblock/>
|-
|1999||IPC moved into what remains its current Headquarters in [[Bonn]], [[Germany]].<ref name=inside>{{cite web|title=The History of the Paralympic Movement|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/history/paralympics/the-paralympic-movement|website=Inside the Games website|date=12 September 2012 |access-date=4 March 2015}}</ref> IOC President [[Juan Antonio Samaranch]] attended opening.<ref name=25year/>
|-
|1999||INAS-FMH changed its name to [[International Sports Federation for Persons with Intellectual Disability]](INAS-FID).
|-
|2000|| 18–29 October – [[2000 Summer Paralympics|Sydney Summer Paralympics]] – 3,881 athletes from 122 countries;<ref name=summer/> 551 events in 20 sports. First Games held in the [[Southern Hemisphere]]. Women's events were included in the powerlifting program and [[Wheelchair rugby at the Summer Paralympics|wheelchair rugby]] and [[Sailing at the Summer Paralympics|sailing]] were medal sports for the first time.<ref name=summer/> IOC signed a co-operation agreement with IPC to strengthen their relationship.<ref name=DePauw/><ref name=25year/> Games had comprehensive international television coverage for the first time. Over 340,000 school children attended and were given an insight into Paralympic sport.<ref name=ottoblock/>
|-
|2001|| [[Robert Steadward]] was succeeded by the former British Paralympian [[Philip Craven|Sir Philip Craven]] after serving three terms as president.<ref name=inside/><ref name=25year/>
|-
|2001||On 19 June, IPC and IOC signed an agreement that ensured the practice of "one bid, one city", meaning the same city will host both the Olympic and Paralympic Games.<ref name=handbook/><ref name=25year/>
|-
|2001||IPC General Assembly suspended athletes with an intellectual disability (ID) from the Paralympic Games due to 69% of athletes who won medals in intellectual disability events at the Sydney Games not have the correct ID verification.<ref name=handbook/>
|-
|2002||7–16 March – [[2002 Winter Paralympics|Salt Lake City Winter Paralympics]] – 416 athletes from 36 countries;<ref name=winter/> 92 events in 5 sports. Worldwide television coverage was secured by the organizers, and there was high demand for tickets.<ref name=ottoblock/>
|-
|2003||[[Philip Craven|Sir Philip Craven]], IPC President elected as a new IOC member at the 115th IOC Session in [[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]].<ref name=DePauw/><ref name=25year/>
|-
|2003||IPC Governing Board approved the development of a Universal Classification Code.<ref name=25year/>
|-
|2003||New ''Spirit in motion'' logo (Agitos) adopted by IPC.<ref name=handbook/><ref name=25year/>
|-
|2003||IPC signs the [[World Anti-Doping Code]] and revised its Anti-Doping Code to comply with the World Anti-Doping Code.<ref name=DePauw/>
|-
|2004||17–28 September – [[2004 Summer Paralympics|Athens Summer Paralympics]] – 3808 athletes from 135 countries;<ref name=summer/> 517 events in 19 sports. [[Five-a-side football|5-a-side football]] added to the program.<ref name=summer/> A cumulated global TV audience of 1.8 billion watch the Athens 2004 Paralympic Games.<ref name=25year/> Over 3000 journalists covered the Games.<ref name=ottoblock/>
|-
|2004||[[International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation]] (IWSF) established with the merger of ISMWSF and ISOD.<ref name=handbook/>
|-
|2005||Paralympic Awards are presented for the first time.<ref name=25year/>
|-
|2006||10–19 March – [[2006 Winter Paralympics|Torino Winter Paralympics]] – 477 athletes from 39 countries;<ref name=winter/> 58 events in 4 sports. [[Wheelchair curling]] made its Games debut.<ref name=winter/> IPC launched ParalympicSport.TV, an online TV channel, during the Games<ref name=25year/> and it attracted nearly 40,000 unique viewers from 105 nations.
|-
|2006||IPC's revenue exceeded EUR 5 million for the first time.<ref name=25year/>
|-
|2007||''IPC Classification Code and International Standards'' approved at IPC General Assembly meeting held in November.<ref name=handbook/><ref name=25year/>
|-
|2008||6–17 September – [[2008 Summer Paralympics|Beijing Summer Paralympics]] – 3,951 from 146 countries;<ref name=summer/> 472 events in 20 sports. [[Rowing at the Summer Paralympics|Rowing]] was added to the program.<ref name=summer/> 3.8 billion throughout the world viewed the Games on television<ref name=summer/> and 3.4 million spectators attended the Games.<ref name=ottoblock>{{cite web|last1=Ottoblock|title=History of the Paralympic Games|url=http://www.channel4.com/media/documents/press/news/History%20of%20the%20Paralympic%20Games%20(single%20sheet)_1.pdf|website=Channel 4 website|access-date=10 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402102541/http://www.channel4.com/media/documents/press/news/History%20of%20the%20Paralympic%20Games%20%28single%20sheet%29_1.pdf|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2009||IPC General Assembly reinstated athletes with an intellectual disability into the Paralympic Games.<ref name=handbook/>
|-
|2009||''IPC Position Stand – Background and Scientific Principles of Classification in Paralympic Sport'' passed by IPC Sports Science Committee, Classification Committee and Governing Board in June.<ref name=handbook/><ref name=25year/>
|-
|2010||12–21 March – [[2010 Winter Paralympics|Vancouver Winter Paralympics]] – 502 athletes from 44 countries;<ref name=winter/> 64 events in 5 sports. 230,000 ticket sales, a record for the Games.<ref name=winter/>
|-
|2012||29 August – 9 September – [[2012 Summer Paralympics|London Summer Paralympics]] – 4,237 athletes from 164 countries; 503 events in 20 sports. Athletes with an intellectual disability return to the Games by competing in [[Athletics at the Summer Paralympics|athletics]], [[Swimming at the Summer Paralympics|swimming]] and [[Table tennis at the Summer Paralympics|table tennis]].<ref name=summer/> 
|-
|2012||IPC and IOC signed a new co-operation agreement which increased IOC financial support and guaranteed the Paralympics will be staged in the same city and venues as the Olympics through until 2020.<ref name=25year/>
|-
|2012||IPC's revenue exceeded EUR 10 million for the first time.<ref name=25year/>
|-
|2012||IPC launched the Agitos Foundation.<ref name=25year/>
|-
|2014||7–16 March – [[2014 Winter Paralympics|Sochi Winter Paralympics]] – 541 athletes from 45 countries;<ref name=winter/> 72 events in 5 sports. 316,200 tickets were sold, the most ever for Paralympic Winter Games. [[Para-snowboarding classification|Para-snowboard]] added to the program.<ref name=winter/> 316,200 ticket sales, surpassing the record from Vancouver Games.<ref name=winter/>
|-
|2016||7–18 September – [[2016 Summer Paralympics|Rio de Janeiro Summer Paralympics]]. The first games in [[Latin America]], [[Paracanoe]] and [[paratriathlon]] added to the program.<br />30 November – IPC officially rebrands the 10 sports for which it serves as the international federation with the "World Para" mark. At the same time, IPC changes the names of three of these 10 sports:<ref name="World Para">{{cite press release|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/ipc-rebrand-10-sports-it-acts-international-federation |title=The IPC to rebrand the 10 sports it acts as International Federation for |publisher=International Paralympic Committee |date=30 November 2016 |access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref>
* Paralympic shooting becomes "shooting Para sport".
* Sledge hockey becomes "Para ice hockey".
* Wheelchair dance sport becomes "Para dance sport".
|-
|2017||[[Sir Philip Craven|Philip Craven]] was succeeded by the Brazilian [[Andrew Parsons (sport administrator)|Andrew Parsons]] as IPC President after serving four terms.
|-
|2018||9–18 March – [[2018 Winter Paralympics|PyeongChang Winter Paralympics]] – 569 athletes from 49 countries;<ref name=winter/> 80 events in 6 sports, Snowboarding has been expanded into a separate discipline for 2018, with 10 medal events (in 2014, two medal events in snowboarding were held within the alpine skiing programme). IOC and IPC, signed an agreement that renewed the partnership between the two institutions by 2032.
|}

==Publications==<!-- target of redirect [[The Paralympian]] -->
The IPC publishes ''The Paralympian'' three times a year.<ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/Media_Centre/News/Paralympian/ The Paralympian], International Paralympic Committee (IPC)</ref>

==Paralympic SPORT.TV==
The [[Paralympic Games|Paralympics]] and other sport events related to the Paralympic movement are broadcast on ParalympicSportTV, an [[internet TV]] channel for Paralympic sports created by the IPC.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/user/ParalympicSportTV |title=Paralympic Games |publisher=YouTube |date=2021-09-05 |accessdate=2022-03-08}}</ref>

==Paralympic Hall of Fame==
{{main|Visa Paralympic Hall of Fame}}
* 2006: [[Jouko Grip]] {{flagicon|Finland}}, [[Ulla Renvall]] {{flagicon|Sweden}}, [[Annemie Schneider]] {{flagicon|Germany}}
* 2008: [[Connie Hansen]] {{flagicon|Denmark}}, [[Claudia Hengst]] {{flagicon|Germany}}, [[Peter Homann]] {{flagicon|Australia}}, [[André Viger]] {{flagicon|Canada}}, [[Kevin McIntosh]] (coach) {{flagicon|Australia}}
* 2010: [[Tanja Kari]] {{flagicon|Finland}}, [[Chris Waddell]] {{flagicon|United States}}, [[Rolf Hettich]] (coach) {{flagicon|Germany}}
* 2012: [[Louise Sauvage]] {{flagicon|Australia}}, [[Trischa Zorn-Hudson]] {{flagicon|United States}}, [[Roberto Marson]] {{flagicon|Italy}}, [[Frank Ponta]] {{flagicon|Australia}}, [[Chris Holmes (swimmer)|Chris Holmes]] {{flagicon|Great Britain}}
* 2014: [[Jon Kreamelmeyer]] {{flagicon|United States}}, [[Eric Villalon|Eric Villalon Fuentes]] {{flagicon|Spain}}, [[Verena Bentele]] {{flagicon|Germany}}
* 2016: [[Junichi Kawai]] {{flagicon|Japan}} , [[Chantal Petitclerc]] {{flagicon|Canada}}, [[Franz Nietlispach]] {{flagicon|Switzerland}}, [[Neroli Fairhall]] {{flagicon|New Zealand}}, [[Martin Morse]] {{flagicon|USA}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/ipc-announces-2016-visa-paralympic-hall-fame-inductees |access-date=19 November 2016 |publisher=[[International Paralympic Committee]] |title=IPC announces 2016 Visa Paralympic Hall of Fame inductees }}</ref>

==Paralympic marketing==

===The Organizing Committees===
{{See also|Template:OCOG/OCPG}}
In June 2001, the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) signed an agreement that would ensure that the staging of the [[Paralympic Games]] is automatically included in the [[Bids for Olympic Games|bid for the Olympic Games]].<ref name=agreement>[http://www.paralympic.org/IPC/IPC-IOC_Co-operation.html IPC-IOC Co-operation], The official website of the International Paralympic Committee</ref> The agreement came into effect at the [[2008 Paralympic Summer Games]] in Beijing, and the [[2010 Paralympic Winter Games]] in Vancouver.

However, the [[Salt Lake Organizing Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games of 2002|Salt Lake 2002 Organizing Committee]] (SLOC), chose to follow the practice of "one bid, one city" already at the 2002 Games in Salt Lake City, with one [[Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games|Organizing Committee]] for both Games, which was followed up by the 2004 Games in Athens and Beijing in 2008.

The agreement was adjusted in 2003. An extension was signed in June 2006.<ref name=agreement/> A further extension was signed in 2012, valid until 2020. In March 2018, a historic long-term extension was signed establishing a partnership until 2032.

===National Paralympic Committees (NPCs)===
{{Main|National Paralympic Committee}}
The [[National Paralympic Committee|NPC]]s receive financial support for the training and development of Paralympic teams, Paralympic athletes and Paralympic hopefuls.

===International Paralympic Sports Federations (IFs)===
{{See also|List of international sport federations#Federations recognized by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC)}}
There are 17 international federations recognized by the IPC, and there are three disability specific organizations, while the IPC has served as the international federation for multiple sports.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Sport Federations |url=https://www.paralympic.org/ipc/federations |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=International Paralympic Committee |language=en}}</ref><ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/IPC/Contacts/IFs/index.html Contacts – International Sports Federations (IFs)], International Paralympic Committee (IPC)</ref> As of 2021, the IPC governed Paralympic alpine skiing, athletics, biathlon, cross country skiing, sledge hockey (Para ice hockey), powerlifting, shooting, snowboarding, swimming, and [[Wheelchair DanceSport|wheelchair dancesport]] (Para dance sport).

On 30 November 2016, the IPC rebranded these subcommittees under the new blanket name '''World Para Sports''' to separate them from the Paralympics and their identity'''.''' It also renamed three sports to align with this new name; [[Paralympic shooting]] was renamed to "shooting Para sport" to reduce confusion with [[parachuting]], wheelchair dancesport became "Para dance sport", and [[sledge hockey]] became "Para ice hockey"—the latter also for linguistic reasons. Sports contested in the Summer Paralympics began using the new branding immediately. For winter sports, whose competitive seasons had already started by the announcement, only the world championships were immediately changed to reflect the new branding; the full switchover did not occur until the 2017–18 season.<ref name="World Para" />

In December 2021 during its [[Virtual event|virtual]] General Assembly, the IPC voted on a mandate to transfer its international governance of Paralympic sports to independent bodies by 2026. A governance review published in October 2019 found that the IPC's governance "created perceptions of conflict of interest, disparity in the application of resources, a sense of unfairness between the IPC Sports and those which are not and confusion about the IPC’s role, all of which is impacting its reputation."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-20 |title=IPC seeking entities interested in taking over Para athletics and Para swimming |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1110494/para-athletics-swimming-ipc-independence |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=www.insidethegames.biz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-11 |title=IPC to cease acting as international federation for 10 sports by end of 2026 |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1116688/paralympic-order-ipc-general-assembly |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=www.insidethegames.biz}}</ref> In July 2022, the IPC transferred governance of skiing and biathlon to the [[International Ski Federation|FIS]] and [[International Biathlon Union|IBU]] respectively,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robarts |first=Stu |date=2022-07-14 |title=FIS and IBU take on governance of Para sports from IPC |url=https://www.sportcal.com/news/fis-and-ibu-take-on-governance-of-para-sports-from-ipc/ |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Sportcal |language=en-US}}</ref> followed by Para dance sport to [[World Abilitysport]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FAQ in relation to the transfer of Para dance sport to World Abilitysport |url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/faq-relation-transfer-para-dance-sport-world-abilitysport |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=International Paralympic Committee |language=en}}</ref>

====World Para Athletics====
Supervises and co-ordinates the [[World Para Athletics Championships]], [[World Para Athletics European Championships]] and other competitions.
* Official website: [https://worldparaathletics.org WorldParaAthletics.org]{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([https://www.paralympic.org/athletics Paralympic.org/athletics])
* Sport name: [[Para athletics]]<ref name="World Para" />
* Former sport committee name: IPC Athletics<ref name="World Para" />

====World Para Dance Sport====
Supervises and co-ordinates the [[World Para Dance Sport Championships]] and other competitions. The rebranding saw the sport renamed from "wheelchair dance sport" to "Para dance sport" due to the IPC's desire to expand the sport beyond wheelchair users.<ref name="World Para"/>
* Official website: [https://worldparadancesport.org WorldParaDanceSport.org]{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([https://www.paralympic.org/dance-sport Paralympic.org/dance-sport])
* Sport name: [[Para dance sport]]<ref name="World Para" />
* Former sport committee name: IPC Wheelchair Dance Sport<ref name="World Para" />

====World Para Ice Hockey====
Supervises and co-ordinates the [[World Para Ice Hockey Championships]] and other competitions. With the November 2016 rebranding, the official name of the sport was changed from "sledge hockey" to "Para ice hockey". This change was made upon the request of the sport's community, partly due to the word "sledge" having different meanings across languages.<ref name="World Para"/>
* Official website: [https://worldparaicehockey.org WorldParaIceHockey.org]{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([https://www.paralympic.org/ice-hockey Paralympic.org/ice-hockey])
* Sport name: [[Para ice hockey]]<ref name="World Para" />
* Former sport committee name: IPC Ice Sledge Hockey<ref name="World Para" />

====World Para Powerlifting====
Supervises and co-ordinates the [[World Para Powerlifting Championships]] and other competitions.
* Official website: [https://worldparapowerlifting.org WorldParaPowerlifting.org]{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([https://www.paralympic.org/powerlifting Paralympic.org/powerlifting])
* Sport name: [[Para powerlifting]]<ref name="World Para" />
* Former sport committee name: IPC Powerlifting<ref name="World Para" />

====World Shooting Para Sport====
Supervises and co-ordinates the [[World Shooting Para Sport Championships]] and other competitions. The rebranding saw the sport renamed as "shooting Para sport" to avoid possible confusion with [[parachuting]].<ref name="World Para"/>
* Official website: [https://worldshootingparasport.org WorldShootingParaSport.org]{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([https://www.paralympic.org/shooting Paralympic.org/shooting])
* Sport name: [[Shooting Para sport]]<ref name="World Para" />
* Former sport committee name: IPC Shooting<ref name="World Para" />

====World Para Swimming====
Supervises and co-ordinates the [[World Para Swimming Championships]] and other competitions.
* Official website: [https://worldparaswimming.org WorldParaSwimming.org]{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([https://www.paralympic.org/swimming Paralympic.org/swimming])
* Sport name: [[Para swimming]]<ref name="World Para" />
* Former sport committee name: IPC Swimming<ref name="World Para" />

===The Paralympic Partner programme===
The Paralympic Partner (TOP) sponsorship programme includes the following commercial sponsors of the Paralympic Games.
* [[Atos]]
* [[Bridgestone]]
* [[Ottobock]]
* [[Panasonic]]
* [[Samsung]]
* [[Toyota]]
* [[Visa Inc.|Visa]]

==See also==

* [[Cheating at the Paralympic Games]]
* [[Disabled sports]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

===Bibliography===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100619181915/http://paralympic.org/export/sites/default/IPC/Reference_Documents/IPC_Style_Guide.pdf IPC Style Guide], International Paralympic Committee (IPC)

==External links==
{{Wikinews category|International Paralympic Committee}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.paralympicsport.tv Paralympic Sport TV YouTube channel]

{{Paralympic Games}}
{{Regional Organizations of National Paralympic Committees}}
{{Paralympic games medal table}}
{{Portal bar|Olympics|Sports}}
{{Authority control}}

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