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{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Chinese politician of Uyghur ethnicity (1935–2018)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Ismail Amat
|native_name = {{lang|ug-Arab|ئىسمائىل ئەھمەد}}<br />{{lang|zh-Hans-CN|司马义·艾买提}}
|image = Ismail Amat.jpg
|caption = 
|office1 = [[Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress|Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]]
|term_start1 = 2003
|term_end1 = 2008
| 1blankname1 = Chairman
| 1namedata1 = [[Wu Bangguo]]

|office2 = [[State councillor|State Councilor of the People's Republic of China]]
|term_start2 = 1993
|term_end2 = 2003
|premier2 = [[Li Peng]]→[[Zhu Rongji]]

|office3 = [[Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]]
|term_start3 = 1988
|term_end3 = 1993
| 1blankname3 = Chairman
| 1namedata3 = [[Li Xiannian]]

|office4 = Minister of the [[State Ethnic Affairs Commission]]
|term_start4 = 1986
|term_end4 = 1998
|predecessor4 = [[Yang Jingren]]
|successor4 = Li Dezhu

|office5 = Chairman of the [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]]
|term_start5 = 1979
|term_end5 = 1985
|predecessor5 = [[Wang Feng (politician)|Wang Feng]]
|successor5 = [[Tömür Dawamat]]

|birth_date = September 1935
|birth_place = [[Qira County]], [[Xinjiang]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|2018|10|16|1935|9|df=yes}}
|death_place = [[Beijing]]
|party = [[Communist Party of China]]
|spouse = 
|children = 
|alma_mater = [[Central Party School]]
}}

{{Patronymic name|Ismail|Amat|his}}

'''Ismail Amat''' ({{lang-ug|ئىسمائىل ئەھمەد|translit=Isma'il Ehmet}}; {{lang-zh |s = 司马义·艾买提 |p = Sīmǎyì Àimǎití }}; September 1935 – 16 October 2018) was a Chinese politician of [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] ethnicity who served as Chairman (Governor) of [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region]], [[State councillor|State Councillor]], [[Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress|Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress]] and [[Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|Vice Chairman]] of the [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]] (CPPCC). 

He was among the highest-ranking [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] politicians sitting for decades in the [[Government of China|Central Government]] of People's Republic of China between 1979–2008.<ref name="Song2014" />

== Early life and career in Xinjiang ==
Ismail was born 1935 in [[Qira County]], [[Hotan Prefecture]], [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang Province]], [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]].<ref name="Song2014">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DGbyzKLVh30C&pg=PA9|title=Biographical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China|last=Song|first=Yuwu|date=2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-0298-1|pages=9–10}}</ref><ref name="cv">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinavitae.com/biography/Ismail_Amat|title=Biography of Ismail Amat|website=China Vitae|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref> His parents were poor [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] peasants. From 1952 to 1954, he took part in the land reform movement in his hometown<ref name="Song2014" /> and joined the [[Communist Party of China]] (CPC) in 1953.<ref name="cv" /> He rose quickly in the government of Qira and became the [[county magistrate]] in 1954 at the age of 19.<ref name="Song2014" />

In 1960, he was selected to study in Beijing at the [[Central Party School of the Communist Party of China|Central Party School of the CPC]] for two years. After returning to Xinjiang, he became deputy publicity head of Hotan Prefecture in 1963.<ref name="Song2014" /><ref name="cv" />

During the [[Cultural Revolution]], Ismail was elevated to the regional government of Xinjiang in 1969 and elected to the [[10th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China|10th Central Committee of the CPC]] in 1972. From 1971 to 1979 he served as Xinjiang's party secretary (then subordinate to the first secretary) and director of its Organization Department.<ref name="Song2014" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://en.people.cn/data/people/ismailamat.html|title=Ismail Amat, vice-chairman of the 10th NPC Standing Committee|website=People's Daily Online|access-date=2018-10-17}}</ref>

In 1979, he became Chairman (Governor) of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region at the age of 44. During his six-year tenure, he oversaw Xinjiang's transition to a [[market economy]] in [[Deng Xiaoping]]'s [[reform and opening]] era.<ref name="Song2014" />

== Career in the national government ==
In 1986, Ismail was elevated to the national government and became Minister of the [[State Ethnic Affairs Commission]],<ref name=":0" /> a key position in charge of affairs concerning ethnic minorities, especially the Tibetans and Muslim groups such as the Uyghurs. As a prominent Muslim CPC leader, he served as a mouthpiece of China's ethnic policies and condemned separatist movements.<ref name="Song2014" /> He served in the position until 1998, and concurrently as vice-chairman of the [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]] (CPPCC) from 1988 to 1993. From 1993 to 2003 he also served as a vice-premier-level [[State councillor (China)|State Councillor]].<ref name="cv" /><ref name=":0" /> During his tenure there were multiple anti-Chinese protests in Xinjiang which were suppressed by the government.<ref name="Song2014" /> Amat supported the official policy of harshly treating ethnic separatists while promoting economic growth and stability in minority regions.<ref name="Song2014" />

From 2003 to 2008 Ismail served as vice-chairman of the [[10th National People's Congress]].<ref name="Song2014" /> As one of the highest-ranking Uyghur or Muslim politicians in the history of the People's Republic of China, he frequently visited Central Asian nations and met with visiting dignitaries from Islamic countries.<ref name="Song2014" />

After the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001, the United States captured a number of Chinese Uyghurs in the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]] and held them in the [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp]]. China considered the Uyghur detainees terrorists and demanded that the US hand them over to Chinese custody. When the demand was refused, Ismail condemned the US in 2006.<ref name="Song2014" />

Ismail served as a member of seven consecutive [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of China|CPC Central Committees]], from the 10th to the [[16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China|16th]], spanning 45 years.<ref name="cv" /><ref name=":0" />

== Death ==
Ismail Amat died on 16 October 2018 in Beijing, at the age of 83.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201810/16/WS5bc5dd6ba310eff303282b51.html|title=Former senior legislator dies at 84|date=2018-10-16|website=China Daily|access-date=2018-10-16}}</ref> He was buried at the [[Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery]]. [[Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist Party]] [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China|general secretary]] [[Xi Jinping]], Vice President [[Wang Qishan]], Party former General Secretary [[Hu Jintao]], other [[Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China|Party Politburo Standing Committee]] members [[Li Zhanshu]], [[Wang Yang (politician)|Wang Yang]], [[Wang Huning]], [[Zhao Leji]], [[Han Zheng]] and many other top leaders attended his funeral.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-10/18/c_1123579006.htm|script-title=zh:司马义·艾买提同志遗体送别在京举行|date=2018-10-18|work=Xinhua |language=zh-cn |access-date=2018-10-19}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{-}}
{{6th State Council of China}}
{{7th State Council of China}}
{{8th State Council of China}}
{{State councillors}}
{{NPCSC Vice-Chairpersons}}
{{CPPCC Vice-Chairpersons}}
{{Xinjiang leaders}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amat, Ismail}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Hotan]]
[[Category:Uyghurs]]
[[Category:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Xinjiang]]
[[Category:People's Republic of China politicians from Xinjiang]]
[[Category:Political office-holders in Xinjiang]]
[[Category:State councillors of China]]
[[Category:Members of the 10th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party]]
[[Category:Members of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party]]
[[Category:Members of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party]]
[[Category:Members of the 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party]]
[[Category:Members of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party]]
[[Category:Members of the 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party]]
[[Category:Members of the 16th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party]]
[[Category:Vice Chairpersons of the National People's Congress]]
[[Category:Vice Chairpersons of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]]
[[Category:Burials at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery]]
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