Просмотр кода страницы Английская Википедия:Isotopes of dysprosium

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|Nuclides with atomic number of 66 but with different mass numbers}}
{{infobox dysprosium isotopes}}
Naturally occurring [[dysprosium]] (<sub>66</sub>Dy) is composed of 7 stable [[isotope]]s, <sup>156</sup>Dy, <sup>158</sup>Dy, <sup>160</sup>Dy, <sup>161</sup>Dy, <sup>162</sup>Dy, <sup>163</sup>Dy and <sup>164</sup>Dy, with <sup>164</sup>Dy being the most abundant (28.18% [[natural abundance]]). Twenty-nine [[radioisotope]]s have been characterized, with the most stable being <sup>154</sup>Dy with a [[half-life]] of 1.4 million years, <sup>159</sup>Dy with a half-life of 144.4 days, and <sup>166</sup>Dy with a half-life of 81.6 hours. All of the remaining [[Radioactive decay|radioactive]] isotopes have half-lives that are less than 10 hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 30 seconds. This element also has 12 [[meta state]]s, with the most stable being <sup>165m</sup>Dy (half-life 1.257 minutes), <sup>147m</sup>Dy (half-life 55.7 seconds) and <sup>145m</sup>Dy (half-life 13.6 seconds).

The primary [[decay mode]] before the most abundant stable isotope, <sup>164</sup>Dy, is [[electron capture]], and the primary mode after is [[beta decay]]. The primary [[decay product]]s before <sup>164</sup>Dy are [[terbium]] isotopes, and the primary products after are [[holmium]] isotopes. Dysprosium is the heaviest element to have isotopes that are predicted to be stable rather than [[observationally stable]] isotopes that are predicted to be radioactive.

== List of isotopes ==
{{Isotopes table
|symbol=Dy
|refs=<!-- not NUBASE2016 yet (2019-07-14) -->
|notes=m, unc(), hl#, mass#, spin(), spin#, daughter-st, EC, IT, p
}}
|-
| <sup>138</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 72
| 137.96249(64)#
| 200#&nbsp;ms
|
|
| 0+
|
|
|-
| <sup>139</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 73
| 138.95954(54)#
| 600(200)&nbsp;ms
|
|
| 7/2+#
|
|
|-
| <sup>140</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 74
| 139.95401(54)#
| 700#&nbsp;ms
| [[beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>]]
| <sup>140</sup>Tb
| 0+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>140m</sup>Dy
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2166.1(5)&nbsp;keV
| 7.0(5)&nbsp;μs
|
|
| (8−)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>141</sup>Dy
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 66
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75
| rowspan=2|140.95135(32)#
| rowspan=2|0.9(2)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>141</sup>Tb
| rowspan=2|(9/2−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>, [[proton emission|p]] (rare)
| <sup>140</sup>Gd
|-
| rowspan=3|<sup>142</sup>Dy
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 66
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=3|141.94637(39)#
| rowspan=3|2.3(3)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>+</sup> (90(4)%)
| rowspan=2|<sup>142</sup>Tb
| rowspan=3|0+
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| [[Electron capture|EC]] (10(4)%)
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>, p (.06%)
| <sup>141</sup>Gd
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>143</sup>Dy
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 66
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77
| rowspan=2|142.94383(21)#
| rowspan=2|5.6(10)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>143</sup>Tb
| rowspan=2|(1/2+)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>, p (rare)
| <sup>142</sup>Gd
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>143m</sup>Dy
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 310.7(6)&nbsp;keV
| 3.0(3)&nbsp;s
|
|
| (11/2−)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>144</sup>Dy
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 66
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78
| rowspan=2|143.93925(3)
| rowspan=2|9.1(4)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>144</sup>Tb
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>, p (rare)
| <sup>143</sup>Gd
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>145</sup>Dy
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 66
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79
| rowspan=2|144.93743(5)
| rowspan=2|9.5(10)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>145</sup>Tb
| rowspan=2|(1/2+)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>, p (rare)
| <sup>144</sup>Gd
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>145m</sup>Dy
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 118.2(2)&nbsp;keV
| 14.1(7)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>145</sup>Tb
| (11/2−)
|
|
|-
| <sup>146</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 80
| 145.932845(29)
| 33.2(7)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>146</sup>Tb
| 0+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>146m</sup>Dy
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2935.7(6)&nbsp;keV
| 150(20)&nbsp;ms
| [[Isomeric transition|IT]]
| <sup>146</sup>Dy
| (10+)#
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>147</sup>Dy
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 66
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81
| rowspan=2|146.931092(21)
| rowspan=2|40(10)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>+</sup> (99.95%)
| <sup>147</sup>Tb
| rowspan=2|1/2+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup>, p (.05%)
| <sup>146</sup>Tb
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>147m1</sup>Dy
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 750.5(4)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|55(1)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>+</sup> (65%)
| <sup>147</sup>Tb
| rowspan=2|11/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| IT (35%)
| <sup>147</sup>Dy
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>147m2</sup>Dy
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3407.2(8)&nbsp;keV
| 0.40(1)&nbsp;μs
|
|
| (27/2−)
|
|
|-
| <sup>148</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 82
| 147.927150(11)
| 3.3(2)&nbsp;min
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>148</sup>Tb
| 0+
|
|
|-
| <sup>149</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 83
| 148.927305(9)
| 4.20(14)&nbsp;min
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>149</sup>Tb
| 7/2(−)
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>149m</sup>Dy
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2661.1(4)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|490(15)&nbsp;ms
| IT (99.3%)
| <sup>149</sup>Dy
| rowspan=2|(27/2−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>+</sup> (.7%)
| <sup>149</sup>Tb
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>150</sup>Dy
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 66
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 84
| rowspan=2|149.925585(5)
| rowspan=2|7.17(5)&nbsp;min
| β<sup>+</sup> (64%)
| <sup>150</sup>Tb
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| [[alpha decay|α]] (36%)
| <sup>146</sup>Gd
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>151</sup>Dy
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 66
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85
| rowspan=2|150.926185(4)
| rowspan=2|17.9(3)&nbsp;min
| β<sup>+</sup> (94.4%)
| <sup>151</sup>Tb
| rowspan=2|7/2(−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (5.6%)
| <sup>147</sup>Gd
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>152</sup>Dy
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 66
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86
| rowspan=2|151.924718(6)
| rowspan=2|2.38(2)&nbsp;h
| EC (99.9%)
| <sup>152</sup>Tb
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (.1%)
| <sup>148</sup>Gd
|-
| rowspan=2|<sup>153</sup>Dy
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 66
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 87
| rowspan=2|152.925765(5)
| rowspan=2|6.4(1)&nbsp;h
| β<sup>+</sup> (99.99%)
| <sup>153</sup>Tb
| rowspan=2|7/2(−)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| α (.00939%)
| <sup>149</sup>Gd
|-
|<sup>154</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
|style="text-align:right" | 88
|153.924424(8)
|1.40(8)×10<sup>6</sup>&nbsp;y<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Chiera | first1=Nadine Mariel | last2=Dressler | first2=Rugard | last3=Sprung | first3=Peter | last4=Talip | first4=Zeynep | last5=Schumann | first5=Dorothea | title=High precision half-life measurement of the extinct radio-lanthanide Dysprosium-154 | journal=Scientific Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=12 | issue=1 | date=2022-05-28 | page=8988 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-022-12684-6| pmid=35643721 | pmc=9148308 | bibcode=2022NatSR..12.8988C | doi-access=free }}</ref>
| α<ref group="n">Theorized to also undergo β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup> decay to '''<sup>154</sup>Gd'''</ref>
| <sup>150</sup>Gd
|0+
|
|
|-
| <sup>155</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 89
| 154.925754(13)
| 9.9(2)&nbsp;h
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>155</sup>Tb
| 3/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>155m</sup>Dy
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 234.33(3)&nbsp;keV
| 6(1)&nbsp;μs
|
|
| 11/2−
|
|
|-
| <sup>156</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 90
| 155.924283(7)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''[[Observationally Stable]]'''<ref group="n">Believed to undergo α decay to '''''<sup>152</sup>Gd''''' or β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup> decay to '''<sup>156</sup>Gd''' with a [[half-life]] over 10<sup>18</sup> years</ref>
| 0+
| 5.6(3)×10<sup>−4</sup>
|
|-
| <sup>157</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 91
| 156.925466(7)
| 8.14(4)&nbsp;h
| β<sup>+</sup>
| <sup>157</sup>Tb
| 3/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>157m1</sup>Dy
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 161.99(3)&nbsp;keV
| 1.3(2)&nbsp;μs
|
|
| 9/2+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>157m2</sup>Dy
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 199.38(7)&nbsp;keV
| 21.6(16)&nbsp;ms
| IT
| <sup>157</sup>Dy
| 11/2−
|
|
|-
| <sup>158</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 92
| 157.924409(4)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Observationally Stable'''<ref group="n">Believed to undergo α decay to '''<sup>154</sup>Gd''' or β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup> decay to '''<sup>158</sup>Gd'''</ref>
| 0+
| 9.5(3)×10<sup>−4</sup>
|
|-
| <sup>159</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 93
| 158.9257392(29)
| 144.4(2)&nbsp;d
| EC
| '''<sup>159</sup>Tb'''
| 3/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>159m</sup>Dy
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 352.77(14)&nbsp;keV
| 122(3)&nbsp;μs
|
|
| 11/2−
|
|
|-
| <sup>160</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 94
| 159.9251975(27)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Observationally Stable'''<ref group="n">Believed to undergo α decay to '''<sup>156</sup>Gd'''</ref>
| 0+
| 0.02329(18)
|
|-
| <sup>161</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 95
| 160.9269334(27)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Observationally Stable'''<ref group="n">Believed to undergo α decay to '''<sup>157</sup>Gd'''</ref>
| 5/2+
| 0.18889(42)
|
|-
| <sup>162</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 96
| 161.9267984(27)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Observationally Stable'''<ref group="n">Believed to undergo α decay to '''<sup>158</sup>Gd'''</ref>
| 0+
| 0.25475(36)
|
|-
| <sup>163</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 97
| 162.9287312(27)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable'''<ref group="n">Can undergo [[Beta decay#Bound-state β− decay|bound-state β<sup>−</sup> decay]] to <sup>163</sup>Ho with a half-life of 47 days when fully [[ion]]ized</ref><ref name="Dy163-Jung">{{cite journal |author=M. Jung |display-authors=etal |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=69 |issue=15 |pages=2164–2167 |date=1992-10-12 |title=First observation of bound-state β<sup>−</sup> decay |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.2164 |pmid=10046415|bibcode=1992PhRvL..69.2164J }}</ref>
| 5/2−
| 0.24896(42)
|
|-
| <sup>164</sup>Dy<ref group="n">Heaviest theoretically stable nuclide</ref>
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 98
| 163.9291748(27)
| colspan=3 align=center|'''Stable'''
| 0+
| 0.28260(54)
|
|-
| <sup>165</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 99
| 164.9317033(27)
| 2.334(1)&nbsp;h
| β<sup>−</sup>
| '''<sup>165</sup>Ho'''
| 7/2+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | <sup>165m</sup>Dy
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 108.160(3)&nbsp;keV
| rowspan=2|1.257(6)&nbsp;min
| IT (97.76%)
| <sup>165</sup>Dy
| rowspan=2|1/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β<sup>−</sup> (2.24%)
| '''<sup>165</sup>Ho'''
|-
| <sup>166</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 100
| 165.9328067(28)
| 81.6(1)&nbsp;h
| β<sup>−</sup>
| <sup>166</sup>Ho
| 0+
|
|
|-
| <sup>167</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 101
| 166.93566(6)
| 6.20(8)&nbsp;min
| β<sup>−</sup>
| <sup>167</sup>Ho
| (1/2−)
|
|
|-
| <sup>168</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 102
| 167.93713(15)
| 8.7(3)&nbsp;min
| β<sup>−</sup>
| <sup>168</sup>Ho
| 0+
|
|
|-
| <sup>169</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 103
| 168.94031(32)
| 39(8)&nbsp;s
| β<sup>−</sup>
| <sup>169</sup>Ho
| (5/2−)
|
|
|-
| <sup>170</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 104
| 169.94239(21)#
| 30# s
| β<sup>−</sup>
| <sup>170</sup>Ho
| 0+
|
|
|-
| <sup>171</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 105
| 170.94620(32)#
| 6# s
| β<sup>−</sup>
| <sup>171</sup>Ho
| 7/2−#
|
|
|-
| <sup>172</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 106
| 171.94876(43)#
| 3# s
| β<sup>−</sup>
| <sup>172</sup>Ho
| 0+
|
|
|-
| <sup>173</sup>Dy
| style="text-align:right" | 66
| style="text-align:right" | 107
| 172.95300(54)#
| 2# s
| β<sup>−</sup>
| <sup>173</sup>Ho
| 9/2+#
|
|
{{Isotopes table/footer}}

* Geologically exceptional samples are found associated with the [[Oklo]] [[natural nuclear fission reactor]], in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in the atomic mass may exceed the stated value for such specimens.

==Dysprosium-165==
The radioactive isotope <sup>165</sup>Dy, with a half-life of 2.334 hours, has [[radiopharmaceutical]] uses in radiation [[synovectomy]] of the knee. It had been previously performed with [[Colloid|colloidal]]-sized particles containing longer-lived isotopes such as [[Gold-198|<sup>198</sup>Au]] and [[Yttrium-90|<sup>90</sup>Y]]. The major problem with the usage of those isotopes was radiation leakage out of the knee. <sup>165</sup>Dy, with its shorter half-life, is more suitable for the procedure as radiation leakage can only occur in its short half-life.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hnatowich |first1=D. J. |last2=Kramer |first2=R. I. |last3=Sledge |first3=C. B. |last4=Noble |first4=J. |last5=Shortkroff |first5=S. |date=1978-03-01 |title=Dysprosium-165 ferric hydroxide macroaggregates for radiation synovectomy. [Rabbits] |url=https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5045140 |journal=J. Nucl. Med.; (United States) |language=English |volume=19|issue=3 |osti=5045140 }}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
* Isotope masses from:
**{{NUBASE 2003}}
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
**{{CIAAW2003}}
**{{CIAAW 2005}}
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
**{{NUBASE 2003}}
**{{NNDC}}
**{{CRC85|chapter=11}}

{{Navbox element isotopes}}

[[Category:Isotopes of dysprosium| ]]
[[Category:Dysprosium]]
[[Category:Lists of isotopes by element|Dysprosium]]
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[[Категория:Википедия]]
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[[Категория:Статья из Английской Википедии]]