EducationBot: Новая страница: «{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}} {{Short description|South-Western administrative region of Saudi Arabia with Yemen border}} {{Redirect|Asir|other uses|Asir (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox settlement | name = 'Asir | native_name = Minṭaqat ʿAsīr ({{lang|ar|مِنْطَقَةُ عَسِيْرٌ}}) | native_name_lang = ar | official_name =...»

2023-12-17T18:46:19Z

Новая страница: «{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}} {{Short description|South-Western administrative region of Saudi Arabia with Yemen border}} {{Redirect|Asir|other uses|Asir (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox settlement | name = 'Asir | native_name = Minṭaqat ʿAsīr ({{lang|ar|مِنْطَقَةُ عَسِيْرٌ}}) | native_name_lang = ar | official_name =...»

Новая страница

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{Short description|South-Western administrative region of Saudi Arabia with Yemen border}}
{{Redirect|Asir|other uses|Asir (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = 'Asir
| native_name = Minṭaqat ʿAsīr ({{lang|ar|مِنْطَقَةُ عَسِيْرٌ}})
| native_name_lang = ar
| official_name = ʿAsir Province
| settlement_type = [[Provinces of Saudi Arabia|Province]]
| image_skyline = File:منظر من بلاد قبيلة حوالة5.jpeg
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Jabal Atherb]] of the [[Asir Mountains]] near Ḥawālah in [[Bareq]], 2013
| image_flag =
| flag_size =
| flag_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_size =
| shield_alt =
| image_map = Asir in Saudi Arabia.svg
| mapsize =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Map of Saudi Arabia with 'Asīr highlighted
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| coordinates = {{coord|19|0|N|43|0|E|display=title,inline}}
| seat_type = [[Capital (political)|Capital]]
| seat = [[Abha]]
| parts_type =
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 13
| area_total_km2 = 76693
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2017
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 2,211,875
| population_note =
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| demographics1_name1 =
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| demographics2_name3 =
| demographics2_info3 =
| blank1_name_sec1 =
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| postal_code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:SA|ISO 3166-2]]
| postal_code = 14
| leader_title1 = Governor
| leader_name1 = [[Turki bin Talal bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud|Turki bin Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]]
| leader_party =
| website = https://ars.gov.sa/
| footnotes =
}}

'''ʿAsir''' ({{lang-ar|عَسِيْر|ʿAsīr|lit=difficult}}) is a ''[[Provinces of Saudi Arabia|Minṭaqah]]'' ({{lang-ar|مِنْطَقَةُ|'''Province'''}}) in the southwest of [[Saudi Arabia]], which is named after the ʿAsīr tribe. It has an area of {{convert|76,693|km2}}, and an estimated population of 2,211,875 (in 2017).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/population_characteristics_surveysar.pdf|title=Population Characteristics surveys|date=2017|website=General Authority for Statistics}}</ref> 'Asir is surrounded by [[Mecca Province]] to the north and west, [[Al-Bahah Province]] to the northwest, [[Riyadh Province]] to the northeast, [[Najran Province]] to the southeast, and [[Jazan Province]] and the [[Yemen]]i ''[[Muhafazah]]'' ([[Governorates of Yemen|Governorate]] of [[Saada Governorate|Sa'dah]] to the south.

[[Abha]] is the provincial capital, and other towns include [[Khamis Mushait]], [[Bisha]] and [[Bareq]]. The regional governor is [[Turki bin Talal bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud|Turki]] [[Patronymic#Arabic|ibn]] [[Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]]. He replaced his cousin, [[Faisal bin Khalid bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]], after being appointed on the 27th of December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewstory.php?lang=en&newsid=1857874 |title=A number of Royal Orders Issued 9 Riyadh |date=27 December 2018 |publisher=The [[Saudi Press Agency]]}}</ref>

== Geography ==
{{See also|Asir Mountains}}
[[File:Alhabalah in Aseer.jpg|thumb|188px|[[Habala]]h Valley near [[Abha]] City]]

The ʿAsir Region is situated on a high plateau that receives more rainfall than the rest of the country and contains the country's highest peaks, which rise to almost {{convert|3,000|m}} at [[Jabal Sawda]] near Abha. Though data is exceedingly sparse and unreliable, the average annual rainfall in the highlands probably ranges from {{convert|300|–|500|mm}}. It falls in two rainy seasons, the chief one being in March and April, with some rain in the summer. Temperatures are very extreme, with diurnal temperature ranges in the highlands the greatest in the world. It is common{{clarify|reason=What time of year? Summer, winter, spring, fall?|date=September 2015}} for afternoon temperatures to be over {{convert|30|C}}, yet mornings can be extremely frosty and [[fog]] can cut visibility to near zero percent. As a result, there is much more natural vegetation in ʿAsir than in any other part of Saudi Arabia, with sheltered areas even containing areas of dense coniferous forests, though more exposed ridges still are very dry. ʿAsir is home to many farmers who chiefly grow wheat and fruit crops. Irrigation has greatly expanded production in modern times. [[Asir National Park]] was established in 1981, and extends from the Red Sea coast through the western foothills to the Asir escarpment.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}

== Demographics ==
{{historical populations |11=1992 |12=1,340,168 |13=2004 |14=1,687,939 |15=2010 |16=1,927,087 |17=2018 |18=2,261,618 |percentages=pagr |footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/saudiarabia/cities/ |title=Saudi Arabia: Regions & Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> |align=middle}}وبحسب تعداد سكان القبائل ي منطقة عسير

1- بني شهر

2- قحطان

3- شهران

4- عسير

== Governorates ==
[[File:Abha1.jpg|thumb|right|The regional capital of Abha]]

The region is divided into sixteen governorates (with the populations of the Census of 2010):<ref>{{cite news|title=board game|newspaper=|url=https://www.wordjuxtapoz.com}}</ref>
* [[Abha]] (+366,551)
* [[Muhayil]] (+228,979)
* [[Al-Namas|An-Namas]] (+54,119)
* [[Azd|Billasmar]] (+34,080)
* Billahmar (+25,709)
* [[Balqarn]]
* [[Bareq]] (+74,391)
* [[Bisha]]h (+205,346)
* [[Khamis Mushait|Khamis Mushayt]] (+512,599)
* [[Rijal Almaa]] (+65,406)
* [[Tanomah]] (+40,000)
* Dhahran Al-Janub (+63,119)
* [[Tathlith Governorate|Tathlith]] (+59,188)
* Sarat Ubaidah (+67,120)
* Ahad Rifaydah (+113,043)
* Al-Majardah (+103,531)
* {{Interlanguage link|Al-Harajah|ar|الحرجة (السعودية)}}

== History ==
{{See also|Idrisid Emirate of Asir}}

In 25 B.C., [[Aelius Gallus]] marched his legions south from [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]] on an expedition of {{convert|1,300|mile|km|abbr=off}}, to take control of the ancient overland trade routes between the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and what is now [[Hadhramaut]] in [[Yemen]]. The [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] wanted control of those routes because they were desperate for money and hoped to raise some by capturing [[Ma'rib]], capital of [[Sabaeans|Sabaʾ]], and taking control of the trade in [[incense]] - then a priceless commodity - and other valuable aromatics. As it turned out, however, the expedition was a disaster and little information about ʿAsir emerged.

By 1920, however, [[Ibn Saud]], the founder of the modern Saudi state, had begun to recoup the losses of the [[House of Saud]], and to unify most of the [[Arabian Peninsula|peninsula]] under his rule. As part of this campaign, he sent his Bedouin warriors also known as the [[Ikhwan]] to occupy ʿAsir, and the ruler of the region, Hasan Al Idrissi, had to leave.<ref name=jlt81>{{cite thesis|author=Jerald L. Thompson|title=H. ST. John Philby, Ibn Saud and Palestine |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA111290.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129150100/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA111290.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=January 29, 2021|access-date=4 June 2021|location=University of Kansas|page=31 |degree=Master of Arts|date=1981}}</ref> Therefore, he asked for protection from [[Imam Yahya]], the ruler of Yemen and went there.<ref name=jlt81/> From then on ʿAsir has been controlled by the House of Saud, a situation formalized in 1934 with the signing of the [[Treaty of Taif|Treaty of Taʾif]] between Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Even then the region was still largely unknown to the West. In 1932, [[St John Philby]], one of the first Europeans to explore and map the peninsula, did enter ʿAsir, but as he did not publish his observations until 1952, the area remained one of the blank spots on the world's map.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} In 1935 ʿAsir was made a separate governorate.<ref>{{cite thesis|author=A. Nassir Saleh|title=The emergence of Saudi Arabian administrative areas: A study in political geography|url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8115/1/8115_5115.PDF|access-date=5 June 2021|location=Durham University|degree=PhD|date=October 1975|page=76}}</ref>

== Economy ==
Historically, ʿAsir was known for producing [[coffee]], [[wheat]], [[alfalfa]], [[barley]], [[Senna (plant)|senna]], and [[frankincense]].<ref name=Prothero83>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Arabia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=83|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/83/|accessdate=2016-08-15|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227051942/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/83/|archive-date=2016-12-27}}</ref><ref name=Prothero84>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Arabia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=84|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/84/|accessdate=2016-08-15|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227051843/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/84/|archive-date=2016-12-27}}</ref><ref name=Prothero86>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Arabia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=86|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/86/|accessdate=2016-08-15|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227051853/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/86/|archive-date=2016-12-27}}</ref> Wheat was grown in the summer and [[sesame]] has been grown in wetter areas of the region.<ref name=Prothero84/><ref name=Prothero85>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Arabia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=85|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/85/|accessdate=2016-08-15|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115143219/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/85/|archive-date=2016-11-15}}</ref> [[Straw]] was used to make mats, hats, and [[basket]]s. Tribes in the area also wove tents from straw.<ref name=Prothero99>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Arabia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=99|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/99/|accessdate=2016-08-15|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822220849/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/99/|archive-date=2016-08-22}}</ref>

== Development project ==
In 2019, the Saudi government launched an infrastructure development project in ʿAsir Region. The project is expected to cost more than 1 billion Saudi Riyals. The provided projects will include health care, transportation and municipal services.<ref name="arabnews.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1464761/saudi-arabia|title=Saudi Arabia to launch plan for multibillion infrastructure projects in Asir|date=2019-03-11|website=Arab News|language=en|access-date=2019-03-12}}</ref> The project is in line with the [[Saudi Vision 2030]] to diversify non-petroleum income and activate new resources in Saudi Arabia.<ref name="arabnews.com" />

== Mass shootings of Ethiopian refugees ==
Since 2014 refugees get killed after crossing the Saudi border by the [[General Directorate of Border Guard|Saudi Border Guard]]. Since 2023 at least several hundred Ethiopian refugees are killed at the border between Yemen and the provinces [[Jazan Province|Jazan]], Asir and [[Najran]]. The saudis also used [[Explosive weapon|explosive weapons]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Beaumont |first=Peter |date=2023-08-21 |title=‘Fired on like rain’: Saudi border guards accused of mass killings of Ethiopians |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2023/aug/21/fired-on-like-rain-saudi-border-guards-accused-of-mass-killings-of-ethiopians |access-date=2023-08-21 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-21 |title=Saudi Arabia: Mass Killings of Migrants at Yemen Border |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/08/21/saudi-arabia-mass-killings-migrants-yemen-border |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref>

== List of governors ==
* Turki bin Ahmed Al Sudairi (1900s–8 June 1969)<ref name=gss/>
* Fahd bin Saad bin Abdul Rahman (8 June 1969–1971)<ref name=gss>{{cite thesis|author=Gary Samuel Samore|title=Royal Family Politics in Saudi Arabia (1953-1982)|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/303295482|access-date=20 May 2021|location=Harvard University|page=260|date=1984|degree=PhD}}</ref>
* [[Khalid bin Faisal]] (1971–2007)
* [[Faisal bin Khalid]] (2007–2018)
* [[Turki bin Talal Al Saud|Turki bin Talal]] (2018–present)

== See also ==
{{Portal|Saudi Arabia}}
* [[Arabian Nubian Shield]]
* [[Hejaz]]
* [[Sarawat Mountains|Sarat Mountains]]
* [[Sarat Ubaida Governorate]]
* [[South Arabia]]
* [[Saleh Al-Qadhi]]
* [[Tihamah]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book |last=Mackey |first=Sandra |title=The Saudis: Inside the Desert Kingdom |publisher=[[W.W. Norton and Company]] |location=New York |year=2002 |orig-year= 1987 |isbn=0-393-32417-6}} Updated Edition; Norton Paperback; pbk.

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Asir |volume=20 |page=443 |short=x}}
* [http://www.splendidarabia.com/destinations/asir-province/asir-national-park/ Asir National Park]: Splendid Arabia, An Online Guide to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

{{Geographic location
|Centre = 'Asir Region
|North = [[Makkah Region]]
|Northeast = [[Riyadh Region]]
|East = [[Najran Region]]
|Southeast = {{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Saada Governorate]]
|South = {{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Saada Governorate]]
|Southwest = [[Jizan Region]]
|West = [[Makkah Region]]
|Northwest = [[Al Bahah Region]]
}}

{{Regions of Saudi Arabia}}
{{Saudi Arabia topics}}
{{pre-Saudi states}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:'Asir Province}}
[[Category:'Asir Province| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of Saudi Arabia|Asir]]
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Английская Википедия:'Asir Province - История изменений