EducationBot: Новая страница: «{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}} {{short description|European legislative proposal}} {{update|date=January 2023}} {{Infobox EU legislation |title=Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe’s semiconductor ecosystem and amending Regulation (EU) 2021/694 (Chips Act) |CommProp=COM/2022/46 final |status=Current legislation |...»

2024-03-05T01:02:02Z

Новая страница: «{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}} {{short description|European legislative proposal}} {{update|date=January 2023}} {{Infobox EU legislation |title=Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe’s semiconductor ecosystem and amending Regulation (EU) 2021/694 (Chips Act) |CommProp=COM/2022/46 final |status=Current legislation |...»

Новая страница

{{Английская Википедия/Панель перехода}}
{{short description|European legislative proposal}}
{{update|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox EU legislation
|title=Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe’s semiconductor ecosystem and amending Regulation (EU) 2021/694 (Chips Act)
|CommProp=COM/2022/46 final
|status=Current legislation
|number=2023/1781
|type=Regulation
|Parties=[[European Parliament]] and [[Council of the European Union]]
|madeunder=
|EEA=yes
|OJrefurl=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R1781
|OJref=L129, 18 September 2023, p. 1–54
|made=13 September 2023}}
The '''European Chips Act''' (ECA), also known as simply the '''Chips Act''', is a legislative package to encourage [[semiconductor]] production in the [[European Union]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2022-04-01 |title=Chip shortage: Has Europe's plan arrived too late? |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-60554228 |access-date=2022-08-13 |archive-date=2022-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812125205/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-60554228 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-02-08 |title=EU launches Chips Act industrial plan |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/europe-launches-chips-act-industrial-plan/ |access-date=2022-08-13 |website=POLITICO |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813135709/https://www.politico.eu/article/europe-launches-chips-act-industrial-plan/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-22 |title=Chips Act unveiled: The (real) cost of making semiconductors |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/special_report/chips-act-unveiled-the-real-cost-of-making-semiconductors/ |access-date=2022-08-13 |website=www.euractiv.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=2022-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814093241/https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/special_report/chips-act-unveiled-the-real-cost-of-making-semiconductors/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="brue">{{Cite web |last=Niclas Poitiers Pauline Weil |date=2022-06-02 |title=Is the EU Chips Act the right approach? |url=https://www.bruegel.org/blog-post/eu-chips-act-right-approach |access-date=2022-08-13 |website=Bruegel {{!}} The Brussels-based economic think tank |language=en |archive-date=2022-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813134208/https://www.bruegel.org/blog-post/eu-chips-act-right-approach |url-status=live }}</ref>

First announced in February 2022, the Commission has intended through the ECA to reclaim market share from the dominant [[Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company]].<ref name=":0"/> and reduce European exposure to [[supply chain]] risks. The ECA is part of a "Chips for Europe" investment plan which will span at least until 2030, and aims to establish Europe as "a leader in this market", according to president of the European Commission [[Ursula von der Leyen]].<ref name=":1"/><ref name="ecaec">{{cite news |title=European Chips Act |url=https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age/european-chips-act_en |access-date=11 January 2023 |publisher=European Commission Directorate-General for Communication |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111091213/https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age/european-chips-act_en |url-status=live }}</ref> The proposal has three "pillars":
#research, development and innovation
#a new [[State aid (European Union)|state aid]] exemption covering semiconductor manufacturing, and
#measures to monitor the supply chain and intervene if necessary.<ref name="brue" />

As of 2022, Europe accounts for less than 10 percent of the production of semiconductors worldwide, and the Commission hopes to increase the figure to 20 percent with a 43 billion euro investment.<ref name=":0"/>

A political agreement was found in the Spring of 2023 and the Chips Act (Regulation (EU) 2023/1781 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe’s semiconductor ecosystem and amending Regulation (EU) 2021/694) was published in the Official Journal of the EU on 18 September 2023.

==Criticism==
The initiative's association with [[trade protectionism]] has been criticised by some writers.<ref name="brue" />

Some have stated its €42 billion volume is comparatively small next to US efforts in their [[CHIPS and Science Act]] of $76 billion and efforts through the [[Inflation Reduction Act]]. It also does not solve the supply chain problems with raw materials for chip production.<ref name="nyt">{{Cite news |last=Eddy |first=Melissa |date=2023-03-27 |title=Germany Wants More Chip Makers, but They Won’t Come Cheap |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/27/world/europe/germany-chips-subsidies.html |access-date=2023-03-28 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2023-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328005159/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/27/world/europe/germany-chips-subsidies.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Example projects==
In October 2022, the EU supported the French-Italian company [[STMicroelectronics]] for the construction of a Silicon Carbide wafer plant in [[Catania]] with €293 million through the Recovery and Resilience Facility to be completed in 2026, and in line with the European Chips Act.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Piovaccari |first=Giulio |date=2022-10-05 |title=Boosting EU chip supplies, STMicroelectronics plans new plant in Italy |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/stmicroelectronics-wins-european-commission-backing-italy-plant-2022-10-05/ |access-date=2023-05-16}}</ref>

{{Asof|2023|March}}, [[Infineon]], Germany's largest chip manufacturer, was planning to add two plants in Dresden for €5 billion and hoping for a subsidy of €1 billion.<ref name="nyt"/>

== See also ==
*[[Digital Europe Programme]]
* [[CHIPS and Science Act]]
* [[Artificial Intelligence Cold War]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_22_729 European Commission Chips Act proposal announcement]
* {{CELEX|52022PC0046|text=Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe's semiconductor ecosystem (Chips Act)}} on [[EUR-Lex]]
* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/procedure/EN/2022_32 Procedure 2022/0032/COD] on EUR-Lex
* [https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/ficheprocedure.do?reference=2022/0032(COD)&l=en Procedure 2022/0032/COD] on [[wikidata:Q386647|ŒIL]]

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[[Category:Open digital policy proposals]]
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Английская Википедия:European Chips Act - История изменений