Английская Википедия:1940 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Sources needed Шаблон:Infobox election From March 12 to June 27, 1940, voters of the Democratic Party elected delegates to the 1940 Democratic National Convention through a series of primaries, caucuses, and conventions.[1] Incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt was selected as the party's presidential nominee despite not formally declaring a campaign for a third term. Supporters effectively drafted Roosevelt, who was non-committal about seeking re-election, amid rising concerns over war in Europe.[2]
Ahead of the convention, the primary process and other means of delegate allocation had led to the New York Times to project that Roosevelt had 691.5 delegates in support of him, well above Garner's 69.5 and Farley's 38.5.[3]
Candidates
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Incumbent President Roosevelt remained sufficiently popular to seek nomination for a third term, if he desired, though he had alienated many conservative and Southern members of his party, whom he had relied on for his 1932 nomination, by attempting to purge critics of the New Deal in the 1938 elections.
As foreign policy tensions mounted in Europe following the German annexation of Czechoslovakia and partition of Poland, Roosevelt was urged to run for an unprecedented third consecutive term.Шаблон:Sfn Roosevelt encouraged speculation but remained quiet. Privately, he prepared for his post-presidency, putting the finishing touches on a presidential library and signing a contract to become a contributing editor with Collier's upon his departure from office.Шаблон:Sfn In response to private lobbying from Senator George W. Norris, Roosevelt openly spoke of his hopes for retirement. In February, he suffered a minor heart attack. Meanwhile, the war in Europe had largely dragged to a halt, entering a phase now known as the "Phoney War." Amid rising hope for peace, Roosevelt returned to focusing on retirement.Шаблон:Sfn
The heir apparent to Roosevelt, should he decline to run, was Secretary of State Cordell Hull. Roosevelt encouraged his ambitions, intimating to Hull's wife at a cabinet dinner that the Secretary "had better get used to [making speeches]," because "[h]e'll have a lot of it to do soon."Шаблон:Sfn However, Hull found it impermissible to campaign while actively serving as Secretary and, knowing that his nomination would depend on Roosevelt's support, remained silent pending Roosevelt's decision.Шаблон:Sfn
Any chance of peace in Europe was ended on April 9, 1940, when Germany invaded Denmark and Norway.Шаблон:Sfn Around one month later, the Battle of France began and French forces quickly fell into retreat. Though Roosevelt never formally declared a candidacy, supporters entered his name in presidential preference contests and stood as delegates with the promise to nominate Roosevelt at the national party convention. In the Illinois primary, which required a candidate to make a sworn declaration of intent to seek the presidency, Roosevelt's name was placed on the ballot without any such declaration. Officials reasoned that he had been at sea when the deadline to declare passed.Шаблон:Sfn
Any doubts Roosevelt had about a third term were erased upon the Italian declaration of war on France. This, combined with isolationism among both parties in Congress, solidified his decision to accept re-nomination to a third term. When the Democratic delegates convened in July, none doubted that Roosevelt would accept their nomination.Шаблон:Sfn
John Nance Garner
Vice President John Nance Garner, who had been one of Roosevelt's primary opponents in 1932, announced his candidacy on December 18, 1939.Шаблон:Sfn His candidacy centered on opposition to the New Deal, Roosevelt personally, and the idea of a third term, but his conservatism put him on an uphill course with the rank-and-file of the party.Шаблон:Sfn
James Farley
Postmaster General and party chairman James Farley was the second challenger to Roosevelt but far more aligned with the New Deal platform than Garner. Farley had support from professional politicians but suffered from a lack of familiarity with policy issues and lingering anti-Catholicism. Cardinal George Mundelein lobbied Farley not to run, but he forcefully declined: "I will not let myself be kicked around by Roosevelt or anyone else."Шаблон:Sfn
Favorite sons
The following candidates were "favorite sons," who stood for nomination only in their respective home states for the purpose of controlling that state's delegation at the 1940 Democratic National Convention.
- Former Lieutenant Governor Charles W. Sawyer of Ohio
- Senator Joseph C. O'Mahoney of Wyoming
- Senator Millard Tydings of Maryland
- Senator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana
Declined
The following candidates were the subject of media speculation regarding a potential candidacy or were ambitious of the presidency, but ultimately declined to run:
- William O. Douglas, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court and former chair of the Securities Exchange CommissionШаблон:Sfn
- Harry Hopkins, U.S. Secretary of Commerce and trusted advisor to RooseveltШаблон:Sfn
- Cordell Hull, U.S. Secretary of StateШаблон:Sfn
- Robert H. Jackson, Attorney General of the United StatesШаблон:Sfn
- Paul V. McNutt, Administrator of the Federal Security Agency and former Governor of IndianaШаблон:Sfn
- Henry A. Wallace, U.S. Secretary of AgricultureШаблон:Sfn
Primary Results
Delegates not selected in primaries
Many delegations were not selected in public primaries. The following table shows delegates awarded at a state level by convention, committees, and other means.
| Delegates not awarded via primaries | |||||||
| Other delegate allocation | |||||||
| Date | State | Contest Type |
Candidate | Votes Won (#) |
Votes Won (%) |
Delegates Won |
Reference(s) |
| March 27 | Maine | State Convention (10 of 10 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [8] | |
| April 6 | Arizona | State Convention (6 of 6 delegates) |
Uninstructed | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [9] | |
| April 7 | Puerto Rico |
State Convention (6 of 6 delegates) |
James Farley | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [10] | |
| April 25 | Georgia | State Committee (24 of 24 delegates) |
Uninstructed (Support Franklin D. Roosevelt) |
- | Шаблон:Composition bar | [11] | |
| April 15 | New York |
State Convention (8 of 94 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [12] | |
| April 26 | Hawaii | State Convention (6 of 6 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [13] | |
| May 11 | Oklahoma | State Convention (22 of 22 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [14] | |
| May 12 | Iowa | State Convention (22 of 22 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [15] | |
| May 13 | North Dakota |
State Convention (16 of 16 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [16] | |
| April 23 | Pennsylvania | Primary Convention (72 of 72 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | 724,657 | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Citation needed |
| May 17 | North Carolina |
State Convention (26 of 26 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [17] | |
| May 20 | Delaware | State Convention (6 of 6 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [18] | |
| May 23 | Vermont | State Convention (6 of 6 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [19] | |
| May 22 | Maryland | State Convention (16 of 16 delegates) |
Millard Tydings | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [20] | |
| June 4 | Connecticut | State Convention (16 of 16 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [21] | |
| June 5 | Louisiana | State Committee (20 of 20 delegates) |
Uninstructed (Later Supported O. John Rogge)[22] |
- | Шаблон:Composition bar | [23] | |
| June 10 | Kansas | State Convention (18 of 18 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [24] | |
| June 11 | Mississippi | State Convention (18 of 18 delegates) |
- | - | - | [25] | |
| June 14 | Virginia | State Committee (22 of 22 delegates) |
Uninstructed | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [26] | |
| June 15 | Michigan | State Convention (38 of 38 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [27] | |
| June 16 | Nevada | State Convention (12 of 12 delegates) |
Uninstructed | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [28] | |
| Washington | State Convention (16 of 16 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [29] | ||
| June 18 | Arkansas | State Committee (18 of 18 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [30] | |
| June 22 | Illinois | State Convention (8 of 58 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [31] | |
| June 27 | Indiana | State Convention (28 of 28 delegates) |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | - | Шаблон:Composition bar | [32] | |
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
Шаблон:U.S. presidential primaries Шаблон:United States presidential election, 1940
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