Английская Википедия:1979 Red River Valley tornado outbreak

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A destructive and deadly tornado outbreak impacted the Red River Valley on April 10, 1979. Several strong to violent tornadoes touched down throughout the region that day. One F4 tornado impacted Vernon, Texas. The most notable tornado was another F4 tornado that destroyed most of the southern part of Wichita Falls, Texas, and is commonly referred to as "Terrible Tuesday" by many meteorologists. Additional tornadoes were reported across the Southern Plains as well as in the Mississippi River Valley on April 11–12. Overall, the outbreak killed 58 people and injured 1,927 others. This tornado outbreak resulted from a storm system that was the same storm system that, just a few days later, produced the 1979 Easter flood, which was the worst disaster to befall Jackson, Mississippi in over a century, causing over $500 million in 1979 dollars, forcing the evacuation of over 15,000 residents, and killing one.

Meteorological Synopsis

A deepening low pressure system formed in Colorado as a warm front lifted north pulling warm, moist, unstable air. There was strong upper level dynamics all coming together to produce strong tornado-producing supercells. In the early afternoon hours, three supercell thunderstorms formed. They moved northeastward, and as a trio spawned families of tornadoes. These supercells caused the most damaging tornadoes of the outbreak.

The first tornado formed near Crowell, Texas, at around 3:05 p.m. About 35 minutes later, the first killer one of the outbreak ripped through Vernon and killed 11 people. Then the supercell spawned one that killed three people in Lawton, Oklahoma. The second supercell spawned one that moved Шаблон:Convert.

The third supercell was the one that formed the Seymour and Wichita Falls tornadoes as part of a three-member tornado family. The first tornado formed near Seymour at around 4:53 pm. The storm spawned a second tornado that moved through the south and east sides of Wichita Falls at around 6:00 pm. The third member of the family formed near Waurika, Oklahoma, at around 8:00 p.m.

Confirmed tornadoes

April 10 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Tuesday, April 10, 1979

F#	Location	County / Parish	State	Start Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Max width	Summary
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F0	S of Crosbyton	Crosby	TX	Шаблон:Coord	1908	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F0	E of Plainview	Hale	TX	Шаблон:Coord	1938	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	SW of Foard City to S of Rayland	Foard	TX	Шаблон:Coord	2105	Шаблон:Convert		Houses were unroofed, and barns were destroyed.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F4	SE of Rayland, TX to NE of Davidson, OK	Foard (TX), Wilbarger (TX), Tillman (OK)	TX, OK	Шаблон:Coord	2120	Шаблон:Convert		11 deaths – A large wedge tornado struck the city of Vernon, destroying numerous houses and businesses including a cafe, a motel, and a truck stop. Seven of the deaths occurred when vehicles were thrown from U.S 287 in Texas. The tornado crossed into Oklahoma where it destroyed three houses and damaged five others. Overall, this violent tornado caused $27,000,000 in damage and injured 67 other people.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F0	SE of Thalia	Foard	TX	Шаблон:Coord	2120	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	Harrold, TX to Marlow, OK	Wilbarger (TX), Wichita (TX), Tillman (OK), Cotton (OK), Comanche (OK), Stephens (OK)	TX, OK	Шаблон:Coord	2155	Шаблон:Convert		1 death – A large wedge tornado destroyed eight airplanes at an airport near Grandfield and took the exterior walls off a nearby house. A grain elevator was destroyed in the Hulen area, and houses were damaged in Pumpkin Center and near Walters. A woman died when she took shelter underneath a semi-truck, which rolled over her when the tornado struck.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	N of Hollister	Tillman	OK	Шаблон:Coord	2205	Шаблон:Convert		Three houses were destroyed, and several others were damaged.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	N of Faxon	Comanche	OK	Шаблон:Coord	2235	Шаблон:Convert		A mobile home was destroyed near Faxson, which resulted in two serious injuries, and two houses in the area were damaged. The tornado left suction vortex marks in open fields.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	NE of Seymour	Baylor	TX	Шаблон:Coord	2249	Шаблон:Convert		A strong tornado damaged roofs, telephone poles, and trees. It also uprooted shrubs and overturned a truck but remained over open country while at peak intensity. This tornado was well-documented on film by NSSL storm researchers.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F3	Southern Lawton	Comanche	OK	Шаблон:Coord	2305	Шаблон:Convert		3 deaths – An intense tornado struck Lawton, destroying 116 structures and damaging at least 330 others. Unanchored houses were completely swept from their foundations. One person was killed when their car was tossed from a road.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	SW of Iowa Park	Wichita	TX	Шаблон:Coord	2308	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F4	SW of Wichita Falls, TX to E of Waurika, OK	Archer (TX), Wichita (TX), Clay (TX), Jefferson (OK)	TX, OK	Шаблон:Coord	2350	Шаблон:Convert		42 deaths – See section on this tornado – 1,740 people were injured. This is the second-highest number of injuries caused by a single tornado in United States history after the Tri-State Tornado of 1925.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	Wichita Falls area	Wichita	TX	Шаблон:Coord	0000	Шаблон:Convert		Second, much weaker tornado in the area.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	S of Noble	Cleveland	OK	Шаблон:Coord	0040	Шаблон:Convert		Two barns were damaged.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	E of Bellemont	Pottawatomie, Lincoln	OK	Шаблон:Coord	0045	Шаблон:Convert		Two trailers were destroyed, and three houses were damaged. One person was injured.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	SW of Noble	Cleveland	OK	Шаблон:Coord	0050	Шаблон:Convert		A mobile home was destroyed.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	Hays area	Ellis	KS	Шаблон:Coord	0130	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F3	W of Pruitt City	Carter	OK	Шаблон:Coord	0155	Шаблон:Convert		Severe damage in the Pruitt City area. Forty-four houses and mobile homes were damaged or destroyed. Several vehicles, including a bus, were flipped and tossed.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F0	W of Oakland	Pottawatomie	OK	Шаблон:Coord	0205	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F0	N of Oakland	Pottawatomie	OK	Шаблон:Coord	0205	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	SW of Novice	Runnels, Coleman	TX	Шаблон:Coord	0317	Шаблон:Convert		Large tornado destroyed several barns and scattered debris over a large area.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F3	SW of Talpa to N of Coleman	Runnels, Coleman	TX	Шаблон:Coord	0330	Шаблон:Convert		Houses and barns were ripped apart.

April 11 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Wednesday, April 11, 1979

F#	Location	County / Parish	State	Start Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Max width	Summary
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	SE of Comanche	Comanche	TX	Шаблон:Coord	0550	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	S of Energy to W of Hico	Comanche, Hamilton	TX	Шаблон:Coord	0550	Шаблон:Convert		Barns were destroyed and homes sustained roof damage. A woman was injured when her truck rolled into the ditch in which she was taking cover.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	Mineral Wells area	Palo Pinto	TX	Шаблон:Coord	0556	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	NE of Allen	Pontotoc	OK	Шаблон:Coord	0601	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	NW of Kingston	Marshall	OK	Шаблон:Coord	0705	Шаблон:Convert		A trailer and three barns were destroyed.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	NE of Southmayd	Grayson	TX	Шаблон:Coord	0806	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F0	W of Beland	Muskogee	OK	Шаблон:Coord	1000	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	E of Hattieville	Conway	AR	Шаблон:Coord	1310	Шаблон:Convert		Six barns and two homes were destroyed. Other homes, barns, and outbuildings were damaged.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	W of Mountain View	Stone	AR	Шаблон:Coord	1442	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	Prairie Grove area	Washington	AR	Шаблон:Coord	1602	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	N of Athens	Henderson, Van Zandt	TX	Шаблон:Coord	1610	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	Sulphur Springs area	Hopkins	TX	Шаблон:Coord	1612	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	NW of Hainesville	Wood	TX	Шаблон:Coord	1702	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	SW of Eagletown, OK to W of Big Fork, AR	McCurtain (OK), Sevier (AR), Polk (AR)	OK, AR	Шаблон:Coord	1715	Шаблон:Convert		Three people were injured in a mobile home near the beginning of the path. Major damage in the Grannis area. Six homes, 19 trailers, and an elementary school were destroyed, where four students were injured. Two homes were also destroyed near Wickes. Tornado injured a total of 20 people and caused $1,750,000 in damage.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F0	W of Hurley	Stone	MO	Шаблон:Coord	1730	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	NE of Bodcaw	Nevada	AR	Шаблон:Coord	2010	Шаблон:Convert		Three homes were destroyed and others were damaged.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	SW of Guy	Faulkner	AR	Шаблон:Coord	2015	Шаблон:Convert		Several buildings were torn apart and a cemetery was damaged. Caused $190,000 in damage.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	SW of Homer	Claiborne	LA	Шаблон:Coord	2100	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F3	SE of Sargent to E of Licking	Douglas, Texas	MO	Шаблон:Coord	2100	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	E of East End to NE of Lonoke	Saline, Pulaski, Lonoke	AR	Шаблон:Coord	2100	Шаблон:Convert		Several trailers were destroyed. Damage also occurred to machinery, homes, and outbuildings.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F0	SW of Bakersfield	Ozark	MO	Шаблон:Coord	2115	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	NE of Fryatt	Fulton	AR	Шаблон:Coord	2145	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	W of Beebe	White	AR	Шаблон:Coord	2150	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	NE of Crossett to NE of Hamburg	Ashley	AR	Шаблон:Coord	2210	Шаблон:Convert		Tornado caused $3,500,000 to the downtown business district in Hamburg. Second tornado to strike Hamburg in three days.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	NW of Black Rock	Lawrence	AR	Шаблон:Coord	2235	Шаблон:Convert		Caused over $300,000 in damage to homes, barns, and a rock crushing plant.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	N of Topeka	Shawnee	KS	Шаблон:Coord	2300	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	E of McGehee	Desha	AR	Шаблон:Coord	2315	Шаблон:Convert		Homes and businesses were torn apart in the McGehee area. Caused a total of $449,000 in damage.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	NW of Phillipsburg	Phillips	KS	Шаблон:Coord	2315	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	No significant damage was reported.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	NE of Libertyville	St. Francois, Ste. Genevieve	MO	Шаблон:Coord	2330	Шаблон:Convert		A concrete block building was destroyed, and another was partially destroyed. A home was badly damaged, losing a large portion of its front side. Two barns were also destroyed and scattered across a field.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	E of Long Island	Phillips	KS	Шаблон:Coord	0000	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	A farm building and fences were damaged.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F0	S of Sweetwater	Buffalo	NE	Шаблон:Coord	0000	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	NW of Roundaway	Coahoma	MS	Шаблон:Coord	0005	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	Liberty to SE of Barnesville	Clay, Clinton	MO	Шаблон:Coord	0100	Шаблон:Convert		Several homes and businesses, a mobile home park, a church, and a school were damaged. Three barns were destroyed as well. Five bus passengers were injured when they took shelter in a ditch, only to have the bus roll onto them.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	S of Dycusburg to W of Bellville	Crittenden, Webster, Henderson	KY	Шаблон:Coord	0150	Шаблон:Convert		Tornado tore a large section of roof from an elementary school near Robards. Five people were injured when trailers were overturned.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	E of Evansville to N of Boonville	Vanderburgh, Warrick	IN	Шаблон:Coord	0200	Шаблон:Convert		1 death – Moved from the east side of Evansville to north of Boonville. A shopping center and a lumber yard were damaged. One person was killed and two others were injured when the tornado struck a mobile home park.

April 12 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Thursday, April 12, 1979

F#	Location	County / Parish	State	Start Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Max width	Summary
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F0	Dickson area	Dickson	TN	Шаблон:Coord	0500	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F1	Florence area	Lauderdale	AL	Шаблон:Coord	0530	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert	One more more brief tornadoes occurred within a larger area of straight-line wind damage in Lauderdale County. Three people were injured.
bgcolor=#Шаблон:Storm colour | F2	NE of Columbus	Lowndes	MS	Шаблон:Coord	0900	Шаблон:Convert	Шаблон:Convert

Wichita Falls, Texas

Шаблон:Infobox storm The Wichita Falls tornado formed in Archer County and moved northeast and damaged a few rural homes and high voltage towers at F1-F2 intensity. It rapidly intensified to F4 intensity as it entered the city near Memorial Stadium by McNiel Jr. High School on Southwest Parkway, which was located to the west of Wichita Falls at approximately 6:07 p.m., damaging both structures severely. Hail the size of golf balls preceded the touchdown and continued for approximately 15 minutes. It then became calm before the winds began to pick up.

Continuing at F4 intensity, the now massive wedge tornado, which was at its maximum Шаблон:Convert wide, cut a Шаблон:Convert swath of destruction through the south side of town. It first destroyed an apartment complex, where the first fatalities took place, as it moved along Southwest Parkway. Continuing east-northeastward, the violent tornado destroyed a large portion of a residential neighborhood before heavily damaging a commercial building along Southwest Parkway. The Southwest National Bank Building was completely obliterated, leaving nothing behind except for its vault. As it moved north of Southwest Parkway, the tornado destroyed many homes in both the Western Hills Addition and the Faith Village Addition and severely damaged Ben Milam Elementary School. The tornado then crossed over Kemp Boulevard and destroyed several commercial businesses, including a restaurant, resulting in several additional fatalities. Despite passing north of the Sikes Senter Shopping Mall, intense winds from the outer circulation of the tornado heavily damaged a few stores and blew many cars in the mall's parking lot some distance away from where they originated and stacked on top of each other. Still at F4 intensity as it moved east-northeastward, the tornado moved over a greenbelt area, passing just barely south of Midwestern State University as it severely damaged several more housing additions. (Colonial Park, Hursh, Southmoor, Southwinds, and Southern Hills) A number of people tried to flee as the tornado moved along US 281 and 287 by driving east on Southwest Parkway. The tornado blew many of those vehicles off those roadways, inflicting numerous fatalities. 25 of the 42 fatalities from the tornado were vehicle related, 16 of which were of people who left their homes to evade the massive tornado. Only 5 of the homes that were left actually incurred damage.

The tornado then weakened slightly, but remained at F3 intensity, destroying the Sun Valley housing area, the Sunnyside Heights Mobile Home Park, and several large commercial businesses, including the Levi Strauss Plant, before exiting the east side of town. It then moved into Clay County and changed its appearance to display a multiple-vortex structure. There were at times five separate vortices visible within the tornado. It inflicted additional F0-F2 damage south of Dean and Byers, but no more fatalities occurred. Crossing into Oklahoma, the tornado inflicted additional damage near Waurika before dissipating.

The injury count for this tornado was 1,740, the most injuries ever recorded for an F4/EF4 tornado. It is believed that many more minor injuries were never recorded.

Aftermath

Outbreak death toll

State	Total	County	County total
Indiana	1	Warrick	1
Oklahoma	3	Comanche	3
Texas	54	Wichita	42
		Wilbarger	12
Totals	58
All deaths were tornado-related,

At the end of the outbreak, 54 people lost their lives in Texas, three were killed in Oklahoma and one was killed in Indiana. The Wichita Falls tornado alone killed 42 people and caused $400 million in damage ($Шаблон:Formatprice in today's dollars). The tornado cut a path Шаблон:Convert through the city, with significant devastation.

See also

• List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks

References

• Fujita, T.T., and Wakimoto, R.M. (1979). "Red River Valley tornado outbreak of April 10, 1979", University of Chicago.

External links and sources

• The April 10, 1979 Severe Weather Outbreak by Don Burgess Шаблон:Webarchive
• The Red River Valley Tornado Outbreak of April 10, 1979 (NWS Norman, Oklahoma)
• Full map of the 1979 Red River Valley tornado outbreak Tornado History Project
• A survivor's story (Joel Manes)
• 47miles.org - A project to construct a memorial to the Wichita Falls tornado
• Terrible Tuesday - Wichita Falls, Texas Tornado 1979
• Terrible Tuesday (1979) Red River Valley Tornado Outbreak
• Terrible Tuesday: April 10, 1979 in Wichita Falls, Texas
• Coming Back: Wichita Falls, TX Tornado - April 10, 1979 KAUZ-TV
• Шаблон:Internet Archive short film