Английская Википедия:1st Irish Parliament of King Charles I

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use list-defined references Шаблон:Use shortened footnotes The Parliament 1634–1635 was the first of the two Irish parliaments of Charles I. The main purpose was to raise money by taxation and to ratify the Graces, a bundle of concessions to Irish Catholic landowners. Six years of taxes were voted, but few of the graces were ratified.

Background

Charles I, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland, summoned the Irish Parliament of 1634–1635 to put the Irish government on a sound financial footing.Шаблон:R The preceding parliament had been the Parliament of 1613–1615, the only Irish parliament of James I. In this parliament James I had created more than 30 pocket boroughs under Protestant control.Шаблон:R The Irish House of Commons of 1634 therefore had 254 members: 112 Catholic and 142 Protestant.Шаблон:R In 1632 Charles I had appointed Thomas Wentworth (the future Earl of Strafford) as his lord deputy of Ireland.Шаблон:R Wentworth had taken office in July 1633.Шаблон:R

Irish Parliaments:
Monarch # Years Chief governorШаблон:Efn Remark
James I 1 1613–1614 Chichester, L.D. The 1st with a Protestant majority
Charles I 1 1634–1635 Strafford,
L.D. then L.L.
2 1640–1649
Leicester, L.L.
Ormond, L.L.

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Proceedings

During the parliament the King stayed in England and was represented at the parliament in Dublin by his lord deputy. Parliament was opened on 14 July 1634Шаблон:R at Dublin CastleШаблон:R by the lord deputy.Шаблон:R Nathaniel Catelyn, one of the two members for Dublin City, was elected speaker.

Taxation

Wentworth insisted that subsidies needed to be attended to first.Шаблон:R Six subsidies of £50,000 (about £Шаблон:Inflation in Шаблон:Inflation/yearШаблон:Inflation/fn) each,Шаблон:R or according to another source £240,000 (about £Шаблон:Inflation in Шаблон:Inflation/yearШаблон:Inflation/fn) altogether,Шаблон:R were voted by the Commons unanimouslyШаблон:R on 19 July 1634.Шаблон:R These subsidies were approved by the Lords on 2 August, when the 1st session was closed and prorogued to the 4 November by the lord deputy.Шаблон:R

The Graces

Шаблон:Main King Charles I had indicated in 1626 that he would concede certain rights to the Irish Catholics if paid well enough. These concessions are known as the Graces.Шаблон:R At Whitehall in 1628Шаблон:R the King and a delegation of Irish noblemen had agreed on 51 articles.Шаблон:R At the core of the Graces were land rights and religious freedom.Шаблон:R The payment had been fixed at £120,000 sterling (about £Шаблон:Inflation in Шаблон:Inflation/yearШаблон:Inflation/fn) in three yearly instalments.Шаблон:R The Irish Parliament should have confirmed the Graces promptly, but the then lord deputy, Lord Falkland, had never summoned that parliament.Шаблон:R The parliament summoned in 1634 was the first Irish parliament since the proclamation of the Graces. Irish Catholics, therefore, expected to see them confirmed in this parliamentШаблон:R while Wentworth expected trouble when he refused.Шаблон:R

The ratification of the Graces was tabled afterwards. Of the 51 articles Wentworth let 10 be voted into law, the others would be left at the discretion of the government, except articles 24Шаблон:R and 25,Шаблон:R concerning land tenure, which he rejected.Шаблон:R The Catholic MPs felt that the King had cheated them.Шаблон:Citation needed

Other laws

The Catholic MPs expressed their anger by voting against any law later proposed by Wentworth and due to absenteeism among the Protestant MPs, the Catholics were able to vote several laws down.Шаблон:R The government recalled the absent Protestant MPs, and the laws passed.Шаблон:R Wentworth dissolved parliament on 18 April 1635.Шаблон:R

Table of sessions
Session Start End Remark
1st 14 Jul 1634Шаблон:R 2 Aug 1634Шаблон:R Voted 6 subsidies unanimouslyШаблон:R
2nd 4 Nov 1634Шаблон:R 15 Dec 1634Шаблон:R Legislation voted, including ratification of some of the Graces"Шаблон:R
3rd 26 Jan 1635Шаблон:R 18 Apr 1635Шаблон:R

See also

Notes and references

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

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