Английская Википедия:2011–12 Primera B Nacional
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox football league season The 2011–12 Argentine Primera B Nacional was the 26th season of second division professional of football in Argentina. A total of 20 teams competed; the champion and runner-up were promoted to Argentine Primera División.
Club information
Standings
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL |show_limit=5 |res_col_header=PQ
|team1=RIV|name_RIV=River Plate |team2=QUI|name_QUI=Quilmes |team3=INS|name_INS=Instituto |team4=RCE|name_RCE=Rosario Central |team5=BU|name_BU=Boca Unidos |team6=PAT|name_PAT=Patronato |team7=FCO|name_FCO=Ferro Carril Oeste |team8=ALM|name_ALM=Almirante Brown |team9=GLP|name_GLP=Gimnasia y Esgrima (LP) |team10=D&J|name_D&J=Defensa y Justicia |team11=ALD|name_ALD=Aldosivi |team12=HUR|name_HUR=Huracán |team13=IRV|name_IRV=Independiente Rivadavia |team14=MER|name_MER=Deportivo Merlo |team15=ATU|name_ATU=Atlético Tucumán |team16=GBR|name_GBR=Guillermo Brown |team17=DES|name_DES=Desamparados |team18=GJU|name_GJU=Gimnasia y Esgrima (J) |team19=ATL|name_ATL=Atlanta |team20=CHA|name_CHA=Chacarita Juniors |win_RIV=20|draw_RIV=13|loss_RIV=5|gf_RIV=66|ga_RIV=28|status_RIV=CP |win_QUI=20|draw_QUI=12|loss_QUI=6|gf_QUI=62|ga_QUI=21|status_QUI=P |win_INS=19|draw_INS=13|loss_INS=6|gf_INS=56|ga_INS=28|status_INS=Q |win_RCE=20|draw_RCE=9|loss_RCE=9|gf_RCE=49|ga_RCE=33|status_RCE=Q |win_BU=16|draw_BU=9|loss_BU=13|gf_BU=55|ga_BU=48 |win_FCO=14|draw_FCO=14|loss_FCO=10|gf_FCO=29|ga_FCO=28 |win_PAT=15|draw_PAT=11|loss_PAT=12|gf_PAT=42|ga_PAT=39 |win_ALM=14|draw_ALM=13|loss_ALM=11|gf_ALM=36|ga_ALM=30 |win_GLP=14|draw_GLP=12|loss_GLP=12|gf_GLP=38|ga_GLP=33 |win_D&J=14|draw_D&J=12|loss_D&J=12|gf_D&J=50|ga_D&J=50 |win_ALD=13|draw_ALD=14|loss_ALD=11|gf_ALD=50|ga_ALD=47 |win_HUR=12|draw_HUR=10|loss_HUR=16|gf_HUR=43|ga_HUR=51 |win_IRV=11|draw_IRV=12|loss_IRV=15|gf_IRV=36|ga_IRV=51 |win_MER=10|draw_MER=13|loss_MER=15|gf_MER=28|ga_MER=38 |win_ATU=11|draw_ATU=9|loss_ATU=18|gf_ATU=33|ga_ATU=48 |win_GBR=9|draw_GBR=11|loss_GBR=18|gf_GBR=46|ga_GBR=63 |win_DES=9|draw_DES=10|loss_DES=19|gf_DES=34|ga_DES=55 |win_GJU=8|draw_GJU=10|loss_GJU=20|gf_GJU=33|ga_GJU=51 |win_ATL=6|draw_ATL=16|loss_ATL=16|gf_ATL=28|ga_ATL=50 |win_CHA=6|draw_CHA=15|loss_CHA=17|gf_CHA=24|ga_CHA=46
|col_P=#D0F0C0|text_P=Primera División |result1=P|result2=P |col_PP=#E8FFD8|text_PP=Promotion Playoff Matches |result3=PP|result4=PP |class_rules=1st points; 2nd goal difference; 3rd goals scored; 4th head-to-head points; 5th head-to-head goal difference; 6th head-to-head goals scored. This does not apply to determining the champion. If two or more teams had been tied in point at the end of the tournament, a playoff would have been held at a neutral venue within 72 hours for the championship |update=June 23, 2012 |source=AFA }}
Promotion/relegation playoff Legs Primera División-Primera B Nacional
The 3rd and 4th placed of the table played with the 18th and the 17th placed of the Relegation Table of 2011–12 Primera División.
Шаблон:TwoLeg start |- !colspan="5"|Relegation/promotion playoff 1 Шаблон:TwoLegResult |- !colspan="5"|Relegation/promotion playoff 2 Шаблон:TwoLegResult Шаблон:End
- San Martín (SJ) remained in the Primera División after a 0-0 aggregate tie by virtue of a "sports advantage". In case of a tie in goals, the team from the Primera División gets to stay in it.
- San Lorenzo remained in the Primera División by winning the playoff.
Results
{{#invoke:sports results|main |matches_style=FBR|solid_cell=grey |team1=ALD|team2=ALM|team3=ATL|team4=ATU|team5=BU |team6=CHA|team7=D&J|team8=MER|team9=DES|team10=FCO |team11=GJU|team12=GLP|team13=GBR|team14=HUR|team15=INS |team16=IRV|team17=PAT|team18=QUI|team19=RIV|team20=RCE
|name_ALD=Aldosivi |match_ALD_ALM=0–0 |match_ALD_ATL=3–0 |match_ALD_ATU=0–0 |match_ALD_BU=2–1 |match_ALD_CHA=1–0 |match_ALD_D&J=0–0 |match_ALD_MER=1–0 |match_ALD_DES=0–0 |match_ALD_FCO=0–1 |match_ALD_GJU=4–3 |match_ALD_GLP=1–1 |match_ALD_GBR=5–0 |match_ALD_HUR=5–1 |match_ALD_INS=2–2 |match_ALD_IRV=2–0 |match_ALD_PAT=1–0 |match_ALD_QUI=0–0 |match_ALD_RIV=1–1 |match_ALD_RCE=1–2
|name_ALM=Almirante Brown |match_ALM_ALD=1–1 |match_ALM_ATL=2–0 |match_ALM_ATU=0–1 |match_ALM_BU=3–0 |match_ALM_CHA=0–0 |match_ALM_D&J=2–0 |match_ALM_MER=1–0 |match_ALM_DES=4–0 |match_ALM_FCO=1–0 |match_ALM_GJU=2–1 |match_ALM_GLP=0–1 |match_ALM_GBR=1–1 |match_ALM_HUR=2–1 |match_ALM_INS=0–0 |match_ALM_IRV=2–0 |match_ALM_PAT=1–0 |match_ALM_QUI=0–1 |match_ALM_RIV=1–1 |match_ALM_RCE=2–1
|name_ATL=Atlanta |match_ATL_ALD=1–1 |match_ATL_ALM=0–0 |match_ATL_ATU=1–1 |match_ATL_BU=1–1 |match_ATL_CHA=0–0 |match_ATL_D&J=1–1 |match_ATL_MER=0–1 |match_ATL_DES=1–2 |match_ATL_FCO=2–0 |match_ATL_GJU=0–0 |match_ATL_GLP=0–0 |match_ATL_GBR=2–0 |match_ATL_HUR=0–2 |match_ATL_INS=0–4 |match_ATL_IRV=1–2 |match_ATL_PAT=0–0 |match_ATL_QUI=0–1 |match_ATL_RIV=1–0 |match_ATL_RCE=0–0
|name_ATU=Atlético Tucumán |match_ATU_ALD=2–2 |match_ATU_ALM=1–0 |match_ATU_ATL=0–0 |match_ATU_BU=2–3 |match_ATU_CHA=1–1 |match_ATU_D&J=0–1 |match_ATU_MER=1–0 |match_ATU_DES=1–1 |match_ATU_FCO=0–1 |match_ATU_GJU=0–2 |match_ATU_GLP=0–2 |match_ATU_GBR=2–1 |match_ATU_HUR=2–0 |match_ATU_INS=0–4 |match_ATU_IRV=0–1 |match_ATU_PAT=1–3 |match_ATU_QUI=0–4 |match_ATU_RIV=2–4 |match_ATU_RCE=2–1
|name_BU=Boca Unidos |match_BU_ALD=2–0 |match_BU_ALM=0–1 |match_BU_ATL=1–0 |match_BU_ATU=2–1 |match_BU_CHA=0–0 |match_BU_D&J=4–1 |match_BU_MER=1–1 |match_BU_DES=2–1 |match_BU_FCO=1–1 |match_BU_GJU=1–0 |match_BU_GLP=2–1 |match_BU_GBR=3–6 |match_BU_HUR=1–2 |match_BU_INS=3–2 |match_BU_IRV=1–0 |match_BU_PAT=1–0 |match_BU_QUI=3–1 |match_BU_RIV=1–0 |match_BU_RCE=0–1
|name_CHA=Chacarita Juniors |match_CHA_ALD=0–2 |match_CHA_ALM=1–1 |match_CHA_ATL=1–1 |match_CHA_ATU=0–0 |match_CHA_BU=0–4 |match_CHA_D&J=1–1 |match_CHA_MER=1–0 |match_CHA_DES=1–0 |match_CHA_FCO=1–1 |match_CHA_GJU=1–1 |match_CHA_GLP=0–3 |match_CHA_GBR=1–2 |match_CHA_HUR=1–0 |match_CHA_INS=0–1 |match_CHA_IRV=0–1 |match_CHA_PAT=3–0 |match_CHA_QUI=1–3 |match_CHA_RIV=0–2 |match_CHA_RCE=1–1
|name_D&J=Defensa y Justicia |match_D&J_ALD=0–2 |match_D&J_ALM=2–0 |match_D&J_ATL=0–0 |match_D&J_ATU=1–0 |match_D&J_BU=1–0 |match_D&J_CHA=3–0 |match_D&J_MER=1–2 |match_D&J_DES=2–0 |match_D&J_FCO=1–1 |match_D&J_GJU=2–1 |match_D&J_GLP=1–0 |match_D&J_GBR=2–2 |match_D&J_HUR=4–2 |match_D&J_INS=1–3 |match_D&J_IRV=1–1 |match_D&J_PAT=1–1 |match_D&J_QUI=2–1 |match_D&J_RIV=3–3 |match_D&J_RCE=1–2
|name_MER=Deportivo Merlo |match_MER_ALD=1–1 |match_MER_ALM=0–0 |match_MER_ATL=3–1 |match_MER_ATU=0–2 |match_MER_BU=1–0 |match_MER_CHA=1–1 |match_MER_D&J=1–2 |match_MER_DES=0–0 |match_MER_FCO=0–0 |match_MER_GJU=3–1 |match_MER_GLP=1–3 |match_MER_GBR=2–1 |match_MER_HUR=2–1 |match_MER_INS=0–2 |match_MER_IRV=1–0 |match_MER_PAT=3–1 |match_MER_QUI=0–0 |match_MER_RIV=0–0 |match_MER_RCE=0–0
|name_DES=Desamparados |match_DES_ALD=2–0 |match_DES_ALM=1–1 |match_DES_ATL=2–0 |match_DES_ATU=0–2 |match_DES_BU=0–3 |match_DES_CHA=1–1 |match_DES_D&J=1–2 |match_DES_MER=1–1 |match_DES_FCO=0–2 |match_DES_GJU=2–2 |match_DES_GLP=0–1 |match_DES_GBR=1–1 |match_DES_HUR=0–1 |match_DES_INS=1–4 |match_DES_IRV=3–0 |match_DES_PAT=1–0 |match_DES_QUI=0–3 |match_DES_RIV=1–4 |match_DES_RCE=3–2
|name_FCO=Ferro Carril Oeste |match_FCO_ALD=4–0 |match_FCO_ALM=1–0 |match_FCO_ATL=2–3 |match_FCO_ATU=1–0 |match_FCO_BU=1–0 |match_FCO_CHA=0–0 |match_FCO_D&J=1–0 |match_FCO_MER=0–0 |match_FCO_DES=1–0 |match_FCO_GJU=1–0 |match_FCO_GLP=0–0 |match_FCO_GBR=2–0 |match_FCO_HUR=0–1 |match_FCO_INS=0–0 |match_FCO_IRV=1–1 |match_FCO_PAT=1–1 |match_FCO_QUI=1–0 |match_FCO_RIV=0–0 |match_FCO_RCE=0–2
|name_GJU=Gimnasia y Esgrima (J) |match_GJU_ALD=1–0 |match_GJU_ALM=1–2 |match_GJU_ATL=0–4 |match_GJU_ATU=1–1 |match_GJU_BU=0–0 |match_GJU_CHA=0–1 |match_GJU_D&J=2–0 |match_GJU_MER=3–0 |match_GJU_DES=1–0 |match_GJU_FCO=0–0 |match_GJU_GLP=0–0 |match_GJU_GBR=0–2 |match_GJU_HUR=2–2 |match_GJU_INS=0–1 |match_GJU_IRV=0–0 |match_GJU_PAT=0–0 |match_GJU_QUI=0–1 |match_GJU_RIV=1–4 |match_GJU_RCE=2–0
|name_GLP=Gimnasia y Esgrima (LP) |match_GLP_ALD=3–3 |match_GLP_ALM=2–0 |match_GLP_ATL=1–2 |match_GLP_ATU=3–2 |match_GLP_BU=1–1 |match_GLP_CHA=2–0 |match_GLP_D&J=0–1 |match_GLP_MER=3–0 |match_GLP_DES=1–1 |match_GLP_FCO=0–1 |match_GLP_GJU=1–0 |match_GLP_GBR=3–2 |match_GLP_HUR=2–1 |match_GLP_INS=0–0 |match_GLP_IRV=0–0 |match_GLP_PAT=0–0 |match_GLP_QUI=1–1 |match_GLP_RIV=0–0 |match_GLP_RCE=1–0
|name_GBR=Guillermo Brown |match_GBR_ALD=1–2 |match_GBR_ALM=1–1 |match_GBR_ATL=3–0 |match_GBR_ATU=0–2 |match_GBR_BU=2–1 |match_GBR_CHA=5–2 |match_GBR_D&J=0–0 |match_GBR_MER=1–1 |match_GBR_DES=0–1 |match_GBR_FCO=1–0 |match_GBR_GJU=1–2 |match_GBR_GLP=0–1 |match_GBR_HUR=1–3 |match_GBR_INS=1–1 |match_GBR_IRV=2–0 |match_GBR_PAT=2–0 |match_GBR_QUI=0–2 |match_GBR_RIV=1–4 |match_GBR_RCE=1–3
|name_HUR=Huracán |match_HUR_ALD=3–0 |match_HUR_ALM=1–1 |match_HUR_ATL=2–2 |match_HUR_ATU=1–0 |match_HUR_BU=2–2 |match_HUR_CHA=1–0 |match_HUR_D&J=2–3 |match_HUR_MER=1–0 |match_HUR_DES=2–1 |match_HUR_FCO=1–1 |match_HUR_GJU=0–2 |match_HUR_GLP=2–0 |match_HUR_GBR=1–1 |match_HUR_INS=0–0 |match_HUR_IRV=3–0 |match_HUR_PAT=0–0 |match_HUR_QUI=1–1 |match_HUR_RIV=1–2 |match_HUR_RCE=0–1
|name_INS=Instituto |match_INS_ALD=3–1 |match_INS_ALM=3–1 |match_INS_ATL=1–0 |match_INS_ATU=1–0 |match_INS_BU=3–0 |match_INS_CHA=3–1 |match_INS_D&J=2–1 |match_INS_MER=2–1 |match_INS_DES=1–1 |match_INS_FCO=0–3 |match_INS_GJU=1–0 |match_INS_GLP=1–0 |match_INS_GBR=0–0 |match_INS_HUR=2–0 |match_INS_IRV=1–1 |match_INS_PAT=0–0 |match_INS_QUI=0–2 |match_INS_RIV=0–0 |match_INS_RCE=3–0
|name_IRV=Independiente Rivadavia |match_IRV_ALD=2–2 |match_IRV_ALM=3–1 |match_IRV_ATL=0–0 |match_IRV_ATU=0–0 |match_IRV_BU=1–3 |match_IRV_CHA=1–0 |match_IRV_D&J=2–2 |match_IRV_MER=1–2 |match_IRV_DES=1–0 |match_IRV_FCO=3–0 |match_IRV_GJU=4–2 |match_IRV_GLP=2–1 |match_IRV_GBR=1–0 |match_IRV_HUR=0–0 |match_IRV_INS=1–1 |match_IRV_PAT=0–1 |match_IRV_QUI=0–1 |match_IRV_RIV=1–3 |match_IRV_RCE=2–0
|name_PAT=Patronato |match_PAT_ALD=1–0 |match_PAT_ALM=0–2 |match_PAT_ATL=3–2 |match_PAT_ATU=1–2 |match_PAT_BU=3–3 |match_PAT_CHA=0–0 |match_PAT_D&J=3–2 |match_PAT_MER=1–0 |match_PAT_DES=2–3 |match_PAT_FCO=3–0 |match_PAT_GJU=2–1 |match_PAT_GLP=2–0 |match_PAT_GBR=1–0 |match_PAT_HUR=2–1 |match_PAT_INS=3–1 |match_PAT_IRV=2–2 |match_PAT_QUI=2–1 |match_PAT_RIV=1–0 |match_PAT_RCE=1–0
|name_QUI=Quilmes |match_QUI_ALD=4–1 |match_QUI_ALM=2–0 |match_QUI_ATL=1–1 |match_QUI_ATU=2–0 |match_QUI_BU=2–1 |match_QUI_CHA=1–0 |match_QUI_D&J=2–0 |match_QUI_MER=0–0 |match_QUI_DES=0–1 |match_QUI_FCO=0–0 |match_QUI_GJU=4–0 |match_QUI_GLP=3–1 |match_QUI_GBR=6–0 |match_QUI_HUR=2–0 |match_QUI_INS=1–1 |match_QUI_IRV=7–1 |match_QUI_PAT=1–1 |match_QUI_RIV=1–1 |match_QUI_RCE=0–1
|name_RIV=River Plate |match_RIV_ALD=1–2 |match_RIV_ALM=2–0 |match_RIV_ATL=7–1 |match_RIV_ATU=0–2 |match_RIV_BU=2–1 |match_RIV_CHA=1–0 |match_RIV_D&J=2–2 |match_RIV_MER=3–0 |match_RIV_DES=3–1 |match_RIV_FCO=3–0 |match_RIV_GJU=1–0 |match_RIV_GLP=2–0 |match_RIV_GBR=2–2 |match_RIV_HUR=2–0 |match_RIV_INS=1–0 |match_RIV_IRV=3–0 |match_RIV_PAT=1–0 |match_RIV_QUI=0–0 |match_RIV_RCE=1–1
|name_RCE=Rosario Central |match_RCE_ALD=3–1 |match_RCE_ALM=0–0 |match_RCE_ATL=2–0 |match_RCE_ATU=2–0 |match_RCE_BU=2–2 |match_RCE_CHA=1–3 |match_RCE_D&J=3–2 |match_RCE_MER=1–0 |match_RCE_DES=2–1 |match_RCE_FCO=3–0 |match_RCE_GJU=2–0 |match_RCE_GLP=1–0 |match_RCE_GBR=2–2 |match_RCE_HUR=3–0 |match_RCE_INS=2–1 |match_RCE_IRV=1–0 |match_RCE_PAT=1–0 |match_RCE_QUI=0–0 |match_RCE_RIV=0–0
|update=April 1, 2012.
|source=AFA }}
Relegation
Clubs with an indirect affiliation with Argentine Football Association are relegated to the Torneo Argentino A, while clubs directly affiliated face relegation to Primera B Metropolitana. Clubs with direct affiliation are all from Greater Buenos Aires, with the exception of Rosario Central, Newell's Old Boys, Central Córdoba and Argentino de Rosario, all from Rosario, and Unión and Colón from Santa Fe. The bottom two teams of this table face relegation regardless of their affiliation status. Apart from them, the bottom teams of each affiliation face promotion/relegation playoffs against Torneo Argentino A and Primera B Metropolitana's "Reducido" (reduced tournaments) champions. The Reducidos are played after those leagues' champions are known.
| Шаблон:Tooltip |
Team | Шаблон:Tooltip | Шаблон:Tooltip | Шаблон:Tooltip | Шаблон:Tooltip | Шаблон:Tooltip | Шаблон:Tooltip |
Relegation | Шаблон:Tooltip |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | River Plate | — | — | 73 | 73 | 38 | 1.921 | Direct | |
| 2 | Quilmes | 64 | — | 72 | 136 | 76 | 1.789 | Direct | |
| 3 | Instituto | 60 | 51 | 70 | 181 | 114 | 1.588 | Indirect | |
| 4 | Rosario Central | — | 50 | 69 | 119 | 76 | 1.566 | Direct | |
| 5 | Gimnasia y Esgrima (LP) | — | — | 54 | 54 | 38 | 1.421 | Direct | |
| 6 | Almirante Brown | — | 52 | 55 | 107 | 76 | 1.408 | Direct | |
| 7 | Patronato | — | 50 | 56 | 106 | 76 | 1.395 | Indirect | |
| 8 | Boca Unidos | 48 | 52 | 57 | 157 | 114 | 1.377 | Indirect | |
| 9 | Ferro Carril Oeste | 49 | 47 | 56 | 152 | 114 | 1.333 | Direct | |
| 10 | Defensa y Justicia | 52 | 43 | 54 | 149 | 114 | 1.307 | Direct | |
| 11 | Aldosivi | 42 | 52 | 53 | 147 | 114 | 1.289 | Indirect | |
| 12 | Gimnasia y Esgrima (J) | 54 | 54 | 34 | 142 | 114 | 1.246 | Indirect | |
| 13 | Deportivo Merlo | 46 | 51 | 43 | 140 | 114 | 1.228 | Direct | |
| 14 | Atlético Tucumán | — | 51 | 42 | 93 | 76 | 1.224 | Indirect | |
| 15 | Huracán | — | — | 46 | 46 | 38 | 1.211 | Direct | |
| 16 | Independiente Rivadavia | 47 | 40 | 45 | 132 | 114 | 1.158 | Indirect | |
| 17 | Chacarita Juniors | — | 44 | 32 | 76 | 76 | 1.000 | Relegation Playoff Matches | Direct |
| 18 | Guillermo Brown | — | — | 38 | 38 | 38 | 1.000 | Relegation Playoff Matches | Indirect |
| 19 | Desamparados | — | — | 37 | 37 | 38 | 0.974 | Torneo Argentino A | Indirect |
| 20 | Atlanta | — | — | 34 | 34 | 38 | 0.895 | Primera B Metropolitana | Direct |
Updated to games played on June 23, 2012.
Relegation Playoff Legs
Шаблон:TwoLeg start |- !colspan="5"|Relegation/promotion playoff 1 (Direct affiliation vs. Primera B Metropolitana) Шаблон:TwoLegResult |- !colspan="5"|Relegation/promotion playoff 2 (Indirect affiliation vs. Torneo Argentino A) Шаблон:TwoLegResult Шаблон:End
- Nueva Chicago was promoted to 2012–13 Primera B Nacional by winning the playoff and Chacarita Juniors was relegated to 2012–13 Primera B Metropolitana.
- Crucero del Norte was promoted to 2012–13 Primera B Nacional by winning the playoff and Guillermo Brown was relegated to 2012–13 Torneo Argentino A.
Season statistics
Top scorers
| Rank | Player | Club | Goals[1] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Шаблон:Flagicon Gonzalo Castillejos | Rosario Central | 26 |
| 2 | Шаблон:Flagicon Víctor Piriz Alves | Defensa y Justicia | 20 |
| 3 | Шаблон:Flagicon Fernando Cavenaghi | River Plate | 19 |
| 4 | Шаблон:Flagicon Paulo Dybala | Instituto | 17 |
| 5 | Шаблон:Flagicon Cristian Núñez | Boca Unidos | 15 |
| 6 | Шаблон:Flagicon Daniel Vega | Almirante Brown | 14 |
| 7 | Шаблон:Flagicon Martín Cauteruccio | Quilmes | 13 |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Matías Gigli | Aldosivi | ||
| Шаблон:Flagicon David Trezeguet | River Plate | ||
| 10 | Шаблон:Flagicon Miguel Caneo | Quilmes | 12 |
| Шаблон:Flagicon Aldo Visconti | Boca Unidos |
See also
References
External links
Шаблон:Primera B Nacional Шаблон:2011–12 in Argentine football
- Английская Википедия
- 2011–12 in Argentine football leagues
- Primera B Nacional seasons
- 2011 in South American second tier football leagues
- 2012 in South American second tier football leagues
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
