Английская Википедия:2014 South Australian state election

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox election The 2014 South Australian state election elected members to the 53rd Parliament of South Australia on 15 March 2014, to fill all 47 seats in the House of Assembly (lower house) and 11 of 22 seats in the Legislative Council (upper house). The 12-year-incumbent Australian Labor Party (SA) government, led by Premier Jay Weatherill, won its fourth consecutive four-year term in government, a record 16 years of Labor government, defeating the opposition Liberal Party of Australia (SA), led by Opposition Leader Steven Marshall.

The election resulted in a hung parliament with 23 seats for Labor and 22 for the Liberals. The balance of power rested with the two crossbench independents, Bob Such and Geoff Brock. Such did not indicate whom he would support in a minority government before he went on medical leave for a brain tumour, diagnosed one week after the election. University of Adelaide Professor and Political Commentator Clem McIntyre said the absence of Such virtually guaranteed that Brock would back Labor – with 24 seats required to govern, Brock duly provided support to the incumbent Labor government, allowing Weatherill to continue in office as head of a minority government. McIntyre said:[1]

If Geoff Brock had gone with the Liberals, then the Parliament would have effectively been tied 23 to 23, so once Bob Such became ill and stepped away then Geoff Brock, I think had no choice but to side with Labor.

It is Labor's longest-serving South Australian government and the second longest-serving South Australian government behind the Playmander-assisted Liberal and Country League government of 1933-1965, which served first under Richard Layton Butler and then Thomas Playford IV. It is also the third time that any party has won four consecutive election victories in South Australia, after the LCL's 10 consecutive victories from 1933 to 1965 (the last eight under Playford) and Labor's four consecutive victories between 1970 and 1977 under Don Dunstan.

Recent hung parliaments occurred when Labor came to government in 2002 and prior to that when the state Liberal retained government in 1997 which saw the South Australian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia, created in 1974, win re-election for the first time.

The Liberals were reduced to 21 seats in May 2014 when Martin Hamilton-Smith became an independent and entered cabinet with Brock. Both Hamilton-Smith and Brock agreed to support the Labor government on confidence and supply while retaining the right to otherwise vote on conscience. Labor went from minority to majority government when Nat Cook won the 2014 Fisher by-election by five votes from a 7.3 percent two-party swing which was triggered by the death of Such. Despite this, the Jay Weatherill Labor government kept Brock and Hamilton-Smith in cabinet, giving the government a 26 to 21 parliamentary majority.

Like federal elections, South Australia has compulsory voting, uses full-preference instant-runoff voting in the lower house and single transferable vote group voting tickets in the proportionally represented upper house. The election was conducted by the Electoral Commission of South Australia (ECSA), an independent body answerable to Parliament.

Results

Файл:South Australia state election, 2014 (Simple Map).svg
Winning party by electorate.

House of Assembly

Шаблон:See also Шаблон:See also The Liberals took three seats from Labor resulting in a hung parliament with 23 seats for Labor and 22 for the Liberals.[2] The balance of power rested with the two crossbench independents, Bob Such and Geoff Brock.[3] Such did not indicate who he would support in a minority government before he went on medical leave for a brain tumour, diagnosed one week after the election. University of Adelaide Professor and Political Commentator Clem McIntyre said the absence of Such virtually guaranteed that Brock would back Labor – with 24 seats required to govern, Brock duly provided support to the incumbent Labor government, allowing Premier Jay Weatherill to continue in office as head of a minority government. McIntyre said:[1]

If Geoff Brock had gone with the Liberals, then the Parliament would have effectively been tied 23 to 23, so once Bob Such became ill and stepped away then Geoff Brock, I think had no choice but to side with Labor.

In a joint press conference with Weatherill, Brock said Such's absence prompted him to make his decision a week sooner than planned.[4] The new government was sworn in on 26 March, with Brock in cabinet as Minister for Regional Development and Local Government.[2] The Liberals were reduced to 21 seats in May 2014 when Martin Hamilton-Smith became an independent and entered cabinet as Minister for Investment and Trade, Defence Industries and Veterans Affairs. Both Hamilton-Smith and Brock agreed to support the Labor government on confidence and supply while retaining the right to otherwise vote on conscience.[5][6] Labor achieved majority government when Nat Cook won the 2014 Fisher by-election by five votes from a 7.3 percent two-party swing which was triggered by the death of Such. Despite this, the Jay Weatherill Labor government kept Brock and Hamilton-Smith in cabinet, giving the government a 26 to 21 parliamentary majority.[7]

Шаблон:Australian elections/Title row Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Total row Шаблон:Australian elections/2PP summary |}

Шаблон:Bar box

Шаблон:Bar box

Шаблон:Bar box

Independents: Bob Such, Geoff Brock

Although the state-wide two-party vote (2PP) was 47.0% Labor v 53.0% Liberal, the Adelaide metropolitan area containing over 75% of South Australia's population and 72% of seats (34 of 47) recorded a 2PP of 51.5% Labor v 48.5% Liberal.[8]

Seat movement

The following seats changed hands:[9]

Seat Pre-2014 Swing Post-2014
Party Member Margin Margin Member Party
Bright Шаблон:Australian party style Labor Chloë Fox 0.5 3.7 3.3 David Speirs Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Hartley Шаблон:Australian party style Labor Grace Portolesi 0.1 2.6 2.4 Vincent Tarzia Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Mitchell Шаблон:Australian party style Labor Alan Sibbons 2.4 3.6 1.2 Corey Wingard Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Mount Gambier Шаблон:Australian party style Independent Don Pegler 0.5 7.7 7.2 Troy Bell Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style

Pendulum

Шаблон:See also Шаблон:See also The following Mackerras pendulum works by lining up all of the seats according to the percentage point margin on a two candidate preferred basis based on the 2014 results.[10][11] "Safe" seats require a swing of over 10 per cent to change, "fairly safe" seats require a swing of between 6 and 10 per cent, while "marginal" seats require a swing of less than 6 per cent.[12]

Файл:2014greensSA.png
15 of 47 electorates in South Australia had a Green vote of above 10 percent at the 2014 state election. At the 2013 federal election, of 11 seats, the Green vote was above 10 percent in Adelaide, Boothby and Mayo.
Labor seats (23)
Marginal
Newland Tom Kenyon ALP 1.4%
Colton Paul Caica ALP 1.5%
Elder Annabel Digance ALP 1.8%
Ashford Steph Key ALP 1.9%
Florey Frances Bedford ALP 2.5%
Light Tony Piccolo ALP 2.8%
Wright Jennifer Rankine ALP 3.0%
Torrens Dana Wortley ALP 3.5%
Lee Stephen Mullighan ALP 4.5%
Mawson Leon Bignell ALP 5.6%
Fairly safe
Giles Eddie Hughes ALP 7.0%
Little Para Lee Odenwalder ALP 7.4%
Kaurna Chris Picton ALP 7.7%
Enfield John Rau ALP 8.1%
Napier Jon Gee ALP 9.1%
Reynell Katrine Hildyard ALP 10.0%
Safe
Port Adelaide Susan Close ALP 10.6%
West Torrens Tom Koutsantonis ALP 10.8%
Taylor Leesa Vlahos ALP 11.6%
Playford Jack Snelling ALP 12.6%
Cheltenham Jay Weatherill ALP 14.3%
Ramsay Zoe Bettison ALP 18.4%
Croydon Michael Atkinson ALP 18.9%
Liberal seats (22)
Marginal
Mitchell Corey Wingard LIB 1.2%
Adelaide Rachel Sanderson LIB 2.4%
Hartley Vincent Tarzia LIB 2.4%
Dunstan Steven Marshall LIB 3.1%
Bright David Speirs LIB 3.3%
Fairly safe
Mt Gambier Troy Bell LIB 7.2% v IND
Davenport Iain Evans LIB 8.1%
Unley David Pisoni LIB 9.8%
Morialta John Gardner LIB 10.0%
Safe
Heysen Isobel Redmond LIB 11.0% v GRN
Waite Martin Hamilton-Smith LIB 11.4%
Goyder Steven Griffiths LIB 12.9%
Morphett Duncan McFetridge LIB 12.9%
Finniss Michael Pengilly LIB 13.8%
Kavel Mark Goldsworthy LIB 14.0%
Schubert Stephan Knoll LIB 14.6%
Hammond Adrian Pederick LIB 14.6%
Bragg Vickie Chapman LIB 18.7%
Stuart Dan van Holst Pellekaan LIB 20.5%
Chaffey Tim Whetstone LIB 25.1%
MacKillop Mitch Williams LIB 26.7%
Flinders Peter Treloar LIB 29.2%
Independent seats (2)
Frome Geoff Brock IND 8.8% v LIB
Fisher Bob Such[13] IND 9.4% v LIB

Legislative Council

Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Australian elections/Title row Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Party summary Шаблон:Australian elections/Total row |}

Members of the South Australian Legislative Council
Labor (8) Liberal (8) Green (2) Family First (2) Xenophon Team (1) Dignity for Disability (1)

elected 2014:
Russell Wortley
Ian Hunter
Tung Ngo
Kyam Maher

elected 2014:
Rob Lucas
John Dawkins
Michelle Lensink
Andrew McLachlan

elected 2014:
Mark Parnell

elected 2014:
Dennis Hood

elected 2014:
John Darley

elected 2010:
Gerry Kandelaars 1
Gail Gago
Bernard Finnigan 2
John Gazzola

elected 2010:
David Ridgway
Stephen Wade
Terry Stephens
Jing Lee

elected 2010:
Tammy Franks

elected 2010:
Robert Brokenshire

elected 2010:
Kelly Vincent

1 Appointed by casual vacancy in 2011
2 Elected from Labor ticket, became independent in 2011

Date

The last state election was held on 20 March 2010 to elect members for the House of Assembly and half of the members in the Legislative Council. In South Australia, section 28 of the Constitution Act 1934, as amended in 2001, directs that parliaments have fixed four-year terms, and elections must be held on the third Saturday in March every four years unless this date falls the day after Good Friday, occurs within the same month as a Commonwealth election, or the conduct of the election could be adversely affected by a state disaster. Section 28 also states that the Governor may also dissolve the Assembly and call an election for an earlier date if the Government has lost the confidence of the Assembly or a bill of special importance has been rejected by the Legislative Council. Section 41 states that both the Council and the Assembly may also be dissolved simultaneously if a deadlock occurs between them.[14]

The Electoral (Miscellaneous) Amendment Act 2013 introduced set dates for writs for General elections in South Australia. The writ sets the dates for the close of the electoral roll and the close of nominations for an election. The Electoral Act 1985 requires that, for a general election, the writ be issued 28 days before the date fixed for polling (S47(2a)) and the electoral roll be closed at 12 noon, 6 days after the issue of the writ (S48(3(a)(i). The close of nominations will be at 12 noon 3 days after the close of rolls (Electoral Act 1985 S48(4)(a) and S4(1)). Since the previous election, five new parties had registered: Fishing and Lifestyle Party, Liberal Democratic Party, Multicultural Progress Party, Stop Population Growth Now, and Katter's Australian Party. Six were no longer registered: The Democrats, Save the RAH, Gamers 4 Croydon, Democratic Labor Party, One Nation, and United Party.[15]

Polling Day for the 2014 South Australian State election was Saturday 15 March 2014 from 8am until 6pm. The Issue of Writ for the 2014 South Australian State election was Saturday 15 February 2014. The Electoral Roll closed at 12 noon, Friday 21 February 2014. Nominations for candidates wishing to stand for election closed at 12 noon, Monday 24 February 2014,[16] with the ballot order for both houses drawn and released shortly after,[17][18] followed by close and release of upper house above-the-line preference tickets.[18] Lower house how-to-vote card lodgements closed at 12 noon, 7 March 2014.[19]

The 2014 Tasmanian state election occurred on the same day.[20]

Background

Шаблон:See also The centre-left Australian Labor Party, led by Premier Jay Weatherill, and the centre-right Liberal Party of Australia, led by Leader of the Opposition Steven Marshall, are the two main parties in South Australia. In the 2010 state election, of 47 seats total, the Labor Party won 26 seats and the Liberal Party won 18 seats. Three seats were won by independents, Bob Such (Fisher), Geoff Brock (Frome), and Don Pegler (Mount Gambier). Smaller parties which held no seats in the lower House but achieved significant votes in 2010 include the SA Greens and the Family First Party. In the upper house, the Labor Party held eight seats, the Liberal Party held seven seats, the SA Greens, the Family First Party, and No Pokies all held two seats each, and Dignity for Disability held one seat.

A Port Adelaide by-election and a Ramsay by-election occurred on 11 February 2012, Labor retained both seats.

Retiring MPs

Labor

Liberal

Other

Redistributions and the two-party vote

To produce 'fair' boundaries, which has a history going back to the mid-1900s Playmander, the Electoral Commission of South Australia has been required following the 1989 election to redraw boundaries after each election through a "fairness" provision with the objective that the party which receives over 50 percent of the statewide two-party vote at the forthcoming election should win the two-party vote in a majority of seats.[30]

Labor's success in South Australia since the end of the Playmander has been based in part on the strength of its dominance in Adelaide. South Australia is the most centralised state in Australia; while 1.7 million people live in South Australia, 1.3 million of them live in Adelaide − uniquely, over 75 percent of the state's population and 72 percent of seats (34 of 47) are located in the metropolitan area alongside a lack of comparatively-sized rural population centres. Therefore, to a far greater extent than is the case in the rest of Australia, the metropolitan area tends to decide election outcomes. Under normal conditions, Labor wins the most seats in Adelaide, with the Liberal vote locked up in ultra-safe rural seats.

In 2010, for instance, the Liberals picked up a swing of 8.4 percent, more than the uniform 6.9 percent swing that the Boundaries Commission envisaged as being enough for a Liberal win. However, most of that swing came in seats that would have stayed in Labor hands in any event; while 22 seats saw double-digit swings, Labor sat on insurmountably safe margins in 16 of them.[31] Additionally, while the Liberals took three Adelaide-area seats off Labor, it only won six additional seats in the capital. While six of the Liberals' 13 safe two-party seats were urban, all but one of their four marginal seats were urban. As a result, while the Liberals won 51.6 percent of the two-party vote, Labor only suffered an overall three-seat swing, allowing it to hold onto a two-seat majority.

The 2014 election saw more of the same. While the state-wide two-party vote (2PP) was 47.0% Labor v 53.0% Liberal, the metropolitan area recorded a 2PP of 51.5% Labor v 48.5% Liberal.[8] The Liberals only won 12 of the 34 metropolitan seats; while only four of their 14 safe two-party seats were urban, all eight non-safe (<10 percent) seats were urban. Overall, the election resulted in a hung parliament with 23 seats for Labor and 22 for the Liberals. The balance of power rested with the two crossbench independents, Bob Such and Geoff Brock. Their seats, Fisher and Frome, both returned clear Liberal two-party votes but elected independents. 24 seats had returned a Liberal two-party vote, 23 seats returned a Labor two-party vote, therefore the "fairness" provision was met.

One element of the Playmander remains to this day − the House of Assembly is still elected using single-member seats. Prior to the Playmander, the House of Assembly had always been elected using multi-member seats since the inaugural 1857 election.

Each Labor period of government since the end of the Playmander had at least one comprehensive win, allowing often-Liberal seats to be won by Labor candidates who then built up incumbency and personal popularity. Examples in 2014 were Mawson, Newland and Light, and additionally in 2010, Bright and Hartley – all gained at the 2006 election landslide. Mawson in fact swung toward Labor in 2010 and 2014 despite the statewide trend. The bellwether seat of Colton was retained by Labor. Furthermore, all but two of the nine Liberal-held metropolitan seats saw swings against the Liberals.

In 2014, referring to the 1989 fairness legislation, Premier Jay Weatherill said "Complaining about the rules when you designed the rules I think sits ill on the mouth of the Liberal Party", while Electoral Commissioner Kay Mousley said it was an "impossible" task for the Boundaries Commission to achieve the legislated requirement, stating "It is a constitutional requirement, and until the constitution gets changed, I must say I find it a very inexact science".[32] Additionally, she had previously stated in 2010 "Had the Liberal Party achieved a uniform swing it would have formed Government. The Commission has no control over, and can accept no responsibility for, the quality of the candidates, policies and campaigns."[33] University of Adelaide Professor of Politics Clem Macintyre stated after the 2014 election that fair electoral boundaries are an "impossible challenge".[34]

The Liberal Party disagreed with that assessment, and submitted that Hartley, Elder and Bright should be moved from Labor to Liberal.[35]

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation's election expert Antony Green expected that the Labor government's parliamentary majority from the 2010 election would be redistributed away.[36][37] However, the draft redistribution, which altered the boundaries of 36 of 47 seats, nominally gave Labor 26 seats and the Liberals 21 seats on a two-party basis. Although held by an independent member, Frome was proposed to be moved from Labor to Liberal on a two-party basis. It was also proposed that the Norwood be renamed Dunstan.[38]

The final redistribution was released in August 2012. The renaming of the seat of Norwood to Dunstan occurred. On Antony Green's calculations, the notional two-party margin in Frome went from 0.1 percent Labor to 1.7 percent Liberal, Ashford went from 4.8 percent to 0.6 percent for Labor, Hartley went from 2.3 percent to 0.1 percent for Labor, Elder went from 3.6 percent to 2.0 percent for Labor and Light went from 5.3 percent to 2.8 percent for Labor, amongst other boundary and margin reductions and increases. All redistribution figures and swings used are based on Antony Green's booth-based declaration vote calculations rather than the electoral commission's seat-based declaration vote calculations.[39][40][41][42]

Polling

Шаблон:See also Шаблон:See also Polling conducted by Newspoll and published in The Australian was conducted via random telephone number selection in city and country areas. Sampling sizes usually consisted of over 800 electors, while the 10–13 March 2014 poll consisted of 1602 electors. The declared margin of errors at these sample sizes were ±3.5 percent and ±2.5 percent respectively. Two-party preferred figures were calculated based on preference flows at the 2010 state election.

House of Assembly (lower house) polling
Primary vote TPP vote
ALP Lib Nat Grn Oth ALP Lib
15 Mar 2014 election 35.8% 44.8% 0.1% 8.7% 10.7% 47.0% 53.0%
10–13 Mar 2014 34% 41% <.5% 9% 16% 47.7% 52.3%
21–27 Feb 2014 34% 44% <.5% 7% 15% 46% 54%
Oct–Dec 2013 33% 40% <.5% 10% 17% 47% 53%
Apr–Jun 2013 32% 44% 1% 10% 13% 44% 56%
Mar 2013 33% 43% 1% 10% 13% 46% 54%
Oct–Dec 2012 37% 40% 1% 9% 13% 49% 51%
Jul–Sep 2012 28% 43% 1% 11% 17% 43% 57%
Jan–Mar 2012 34% 40% <.5% 11% 15% 48% 52%
Nov–Dec 2011 34% 40% 2% 9% 15% 48% 52%
Apr–Jun 2011 30% 40% 1% 14% 15% 46% 54%
25 Feb–6 Mar 2011 29% 42% 1% 14% 14% 44% 56%
20 Mar 2010 election 37.5% 41.7% 1.0% 8.1% 11.7% 48.4% 51.6%
14–18 Mar 2010 35.3% 42.5% < .5% 9.3% 12.3% 48% 52%
Polling conducted by Newspoll and published in The Australian.
Better Premier and satisfaction polling^
Better Premier Weatherill Marshall
Weatherill Marshall Satisfied Dissatisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied
15 Mar 2014 election
10–13 Mar 2014 43% 37% 42% 42% 42% 35%
21–27 Feb 2014 40% 39% 43% 44% 45% 29%
Oct–Dec 2013 40% 29% 43% 37% 43% 21%
Apr–Jun 2013 41% 30% 47% 35% 41% 20%
Mar 2013 42% 27% 46% 34% 37% 19%
Oct–Dec 2012 47% 27%2 49% 32% 40%2 40%2
Jul–Sep 2012 40% 27%2 42% 33% 40%2 36%2
Jan–Mar 2012 46% 23%2 47% 23% 43%2 34%2
Nov–Dec 2011 45% 29%2 51% 14% 49%2 30%2
Apr–Jun 2011 34%1 45%2 31%1 59%1 51%2 29%2
25 Feb–6 Mar 2011 32%1 50%2 30%1 59%1 52%2 25%2
20 Mar 2010 election
14–18 Mar 2010 43%1 45%2 43%1 48%1 59%2 23%2
Polling conducted by Newspoll and published in The Australian.
^ Remainder were "uncommitted" to either leader.
1 Mike Rann.
2 Isobel Redmond.

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:South Australian elections

  1. 1,0 1,1 By-election for Bob Such's seat of Fisher expected to put pressure on Weatherill Government: ABC 13 October 2014
  2. 2,0 2,1 Re-elected SA Labor Government gets down to business: ABC 27/3/2014
  3. Шаблон:Cite web
  4. Labor to form minority government with support of independent Geoff Brock: ABC 23 March 2014
  5. Шаблон:Cite news
  6. Former Liberal leader Martin Hamilton-Smith attends first Labor Cabinet meeting in SA: ABC 2 June 2014
  7. Fisher by-election win for Labor gives Weatherill Government majority in SA: ABC 13 December 2014
  8. 8,0 8,1 Metropolitan 2PP correctly calculated by adding raw metro 2PP vote numbers from the 34 metro seats, both Labor and Liberal, then dividing Labor's raw metro 2PP vote from the total, which revealed a Labor metropolitan 2PP of 51.54%. Obtained raw metro 2PP vote numbers from ECSA 2014 election statistics Шаблон:Webarchive, ECSA 2014 Heysen election Шаблон:Webarchive and ABC 2014 Fisher by-election.
  9. Шаблон:Cite web
  10. Шаблон:Cite web
  11. 2014 SA election House of Assembly final results: ECSA Шаблон:Webarchive
  12. Seat status (Party 'safeness') - Political party name abbreviations & codes, demographic ratings and seat status: AEC
  13. Independent MP for Fisher Bob Such, without indicating confidence and supply support, took immediate medical leave for a brain tumour, diagnosed one week after the election, with his death occurring later that year. Labor achieved majority government when Nat Cook won the 2014 Fisher by-election.
  14. Шаблон:Cite web
  15. Шаблон:Cite web
  16. Шаблон:Cite web
  17. Шаблон:Cite web
  18. 18,0 18,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  19. Шаблон:Cite web
  20. Шаблон:Cite web
  21. Шаблон:Cite news
  22. 22,0 22,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  23. Шаблон:Cite news
  24. Шаблон:Cite web
  25. Шаблон:Cite news
  26. Шаблон:Cite news
  27. Шаблон:Cite web
  28. Liberal South Australian MP Ivan Venning calling stumps: AdelaideNow 10 July 2012
  29. Шаблон:Cite web
  30. Шаблон:Cite journal
  31. 2010 election preview from Antony Green
  32. Liberals blocked by unfair boundaries, says Downer: The Australian 17 March 2014
  33. Шаблон:Cite web
  34. Fair electoral boundaries an "impossible challenge": University of Adelaide, 21 March 2014
  35. Шаблон:Cite web
  36. Шаблон:Cite web
  37. Шаблон:Cite web
  38. Шаблон:Cite web
  39. 2014 South Australian Electoral Pendulum: Antony Green ABC 21 January 2014
  40. Шаблон:Cite web
  41. Шаблон:Cite web
  42. 2014 SA election seats: ABC