Английская Википедия:Benedict Osl

Содержание

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Benedict from the kindred Osl (Шаблон:Lang-hu; died June/October 1244) was a Hungarian prelate in the 13th century, who served as Bishop of Várad from 1231 to 1243, then briefly Bishop of Győr from 1243 until his death. He was also called Benedict of Lendva (Шаблон:Lang-hu).

Family

Benedict was born into the gens (clan) Osl, which originated from Sopron County, but also acquired lands in Győr County. He was one of the seven sons of Osl I, the first known member of the kindred, who founded a Premonstratensian monastery in Csorna.Шаблон:Sfn Benedict's brothers were Beled, who was Master of the cupbearers in the court of Duke Béla and ancestor of the Vicai family, which existed until 1873; Osl II, who served as Master of the treasury and Ban of Severin, and was also ancestor of the Ostfi family; Herbord, an important royal courtier in the 1270s; Nicholas, who functioned as ispán of Győr County; Thomas, who did not hold any courtly positions, was forefather of the Csornai and Kanizsai noble families; and John, whose branch died out by the early 14th century.Шаблон:Sfn

Career

Benedict was born at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries. He raised together with Duke Béla, who was a few years younger than him.Шаблон:Sfn As his father's third son, he entered ecclesiastical service. He attended the University of Paris. Thereafter, he bore the title of "magister".Шаблон:Sfn He served as lector of the cathedral chapter of Esztergom between 1225 and 1231.Шаблон:Sfn After the death Alexander, the majority of the cathedral chapter of Várad (present-day Oradea, Romania) elected Benedict as his successor around May 1231. His superior, Ugrin Csák, Archbishop of Kalocsa confirmed his election and consecrated him shortly thereafter.Шаблон:Sfn His candidacy was supported by his patron, Duke Béla, who administered Transylvania and other parts of Eastern Hungary, including Bihar County, where the diocese mostly laid. However, Pope Gregory IX contested Benedict's election and supported his subdeacon Primogenitus. Benedict remained in his position despite the pope's protest and investigations in the Roman Curia regarding his suitability and secular nepotism. Pope Gregory even excommunicated Benedict. Some canons still urged his removal during their visit in Rome in 1236. Pope Gregory considered Primogenitus as the lawful Bishop of Várad and allowed him to borrow 150 silver denari at the expense of the diocese.Шаблон:Sfn

Andrew II of Hungary, who died on 21 September 1235, was buried in Egres Abbey, which located in the territory of Benedict's diocese.Шаблон:Sfn Benedict became a staunch supporter of Béla IV, who ascended the Hungarian throne. After the death of Primogenitus, Pope Gregory acknowledged his bishopric and confirmed the election (although it was not required at that time). His diocese severely devastated during the Mongol invasion of Hungary in 1241. Güyük Khan invaded Transylvania from the Oituz Pass in March. Benedict gathered his army and marched out to the royal camp at the Sajó river, but a vanguard of Mongol marauders clashed with his army near Eger. Benedict defeated them, but another Mongol army forced him to withdraw to his episcopal seat, Várad. As one of his canons, Roger of Torre Maggiore preserved the events in his account Carmen Miserabile, the town was captured and devastated by the Mongols. Benedict gathered the remnants of his episcopal army and fled his diocese in order to seek refuge beyond the river Danube. Benedict never returned to the Diocese of Várad.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

In Transdanubia, Benedict joined the royal accompaniment of Béla IV, who fled the disastrous Battle of Mohi from his Mongol pursuers. Béla and his royal court, including Benedict, took refugee in the well-fortified Trogir in Dalmatia. Benedict was elected Bishop of Győr in January 1243.Шаблон:Sfn Officially, he was styled as Bishop of Várad and postulated Bishop of Győr until June.Шаблон:Sfn Pope Innocent IV confirmed his translation from Várad to Győr on 11 July 1243.Шаблон:Sfn During his brief episcopate, the Diocese of Győr suffered from the frequent raids and plundering attacks of Frederick the Quarrelsome.Шаблон:Sfn Benedict died sometimes between June and October 1244.Шаблон:Sfn

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Master Roger's Epistle to the Sorrowful Lament upon the Destruction of the Kingdom of Hungary by the Tatars (Translated and Annotated by János M. Bak and Martyn Rady) (2010). In: Rady, Martyn; Veszprémy, László; Bak, János M. (2010); Anonymus and Master Roger; CEU Press; Шаблон:ISBN.
• Шаблон:Cite book

Шаблон:S-start Шаблон:S-hou Шаблон:S-rel Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft |- Шаблон:S-bef Шаблон:S-ttl Шаблон:S-aft Шаблон:S-end