Английская Википедия:Bernhard Grzimek

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Expand German Шаблон:Infobox person Bernhard Klemens Maria Grzimek (Шаблон:IPA-de; 24 April 1909 – 13 March 1987) was a German zoo director, zoologist, book author, editor, and animal conservationist in postwar West Germany.

Biography

Early years and education

Grzimek was born in Neisse (Nysa), Prussian Silesia. His father Paul Franz Constantin Grzimek was a lawyer and civil law notary and his mother was Margarete Margot (nee Wanke).

After studying veterinary medicine in 1928, first at Leipzig and later in Berlin, Grzimek received a doctorate in 1933.

He married Hildegard Prüfer on 17 May 1930 and had three sons: Rochus, Michael, and an adopted son, Thomas.

In 1978, Bernhard Grzimek married Erika Grzimek, his son Michael's widow, and adopted the two children Stephan Michael (b. 1956), and Christian Bernhard (b. 1959, after Michael's death).

Шаблон:Expand section

World War II and aftermath

During the Second World War he was a veterinarian in the Wehrmacht and worked for the Reichsernährungsministerium (Food Ministry of the 3rd Empire) in Berlin. In early 1945, the Gestapo raided Grzimek's Berlin apartment, because he had repeatedly supplied food to hidden Jews. Grzimek then fled from Berlin to Frankfurt, which was occupied by the U.S. Army. In April 1945 he was appointed police chief of Frankfurt by U.S. authorities, but he refused the job.

In late 1947, Grzimek was accused of membership in the NSDAP (the Nazi Party) by the U.S. military government, which he denied. He was then removed from office in the Frankfurt Zoo, fined, and sent for denazification. On 23 March 1948, it was determined that he was innocent (Category 5; Exonerated). He was then reinstated at the Zoo by the U.S. government but his reputation was compromised as there was a NSDAP entry as a candidate but not as a member; following a 1949 lawsuit Grzimek was given a fine. According to Nowak, Grzimek had tried to join the party out of fear, to save himself.[1]

Zoo director

Файл:Zoo Frankfurt peng4.JPG
Grzimek cutout at the Frankfurt Zoo

Grzimek became director of the Frankfurt Zoological Garden on 1 May 1945. With the zoo then in ruins and all but 20 animals killed, he prevented the permanent closure of the Frankfurt Zoo and the relocation of the "Center Zoo" to the outskirts. The Zoo reopened on 1 July 1945, after all bomb craters had been filled and buildings temporarily restored. With festivals, dances and actors, Grzimek attracted the Frankfurt population, while receiving the assent of the Provisional Government and the U.S. military to continue the Zoo. He led the Zoo for 29 years, until his retirement on 30 April 1974. He made it into one of the largest zoological gardens in Germany.

At the same time he served as president of the Frankfurt Zoological Society, this for over forty years. The society – organized on similar principles as its London and New York counterparts – runs a number of wildlife conservation projects both in Germany and overseas; most well-known is its ongoing work in the Serengeti ecosystem in Tanzania, East Africa.

Conservationism and other activities

In 1954 he founded the image agency Okapia, which specializes in science, animals and nature. Today the agency employs 650 photographers, and is led by Christian Bernhard Grzimek, Bernhard Grzimek's grandson.

Grzimek is significant for the conservation work he undertook in the Serengeti. He spent several years studying its wildlife there alongside his son Michael, especially on observation and counts of large scale annual migrations. The documentary film Serengeti Shall Not Die was written and directed by Bernard and Michael Grzimek and won the Academy Award for Documentary Feature in 1959.

In the same year Michael was killed in an air crash while flying the Dornier Do 27 because of a collision with a griffon vulture. Grzimek wrote a best-selling book, Serengeti Shall Not Die, which first appeared in German in 1959 and later in 20 other languages. Its popularity was key in driving the creation of the Serengeti National Park. In the book he prophesied:

Шаблон:Quote

In 1975 he co-founded the League for the Environment and Nature Conservation (BUND) and bought ten acres of forest and wetlands in the Steiger forest near Michelau im Steigerwald which he left wild.

In 1978 he married his son's widow, Erika. He subsequently adopted his grandsons as sons.

Файл:Grzimek-tablica.JPG
The plaque for Bernhard Grzimek in Nysa

Death

Файл:Grzimek grave,Ngorongoro.jpg
The Tomb of Michael and Bernhard Grzimek on the top of the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania

Grzimek died in Frankfurt am Main in 1987 while watching a circus performance with a group of children. His ashes were later transferred to Tanzania and buried next to his son Michael at the Ngorongoro Crater. In his lifetime, he had wished that after his death, his body would be laid out on the African plains to be eaten by scavengers.[1] Шаблон:Expand section

Publications

Grzimek was the editor-in-chief of (and author of a number of articles in) Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, a massive and monumental encyclopedia of animal life. After publication in Germany in 1968, the encyclopedia was translated into English and published in 1975 in 13 volumes (covering lower life forms, insects and other invertebrates, fish, amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammals) plus three additional volumes on Ecology, Ethology and Evolution. The 1975 work was issued in both hardback and less expensive paperback editions and became a standard reference work. After Grzimek's death, the volumes on mammals were revised, and republished in both German and then in English. In 2004, the entire encyclopedia was revised and published in a new and expanded edition with Michael Hutchins as the new editor in chief. All the versions of the encyclopedia are marked by clear and forceful prose, extensive use of illustrations (both drawings and color plates), and a deep love and concern for animal conservation.

Of national importance were his work as co-editor (together with Austrian Nobel-prize winner Konrad Lorenz)[2] of the then-largest popular magazine on animals and wildlife in German language, Das Tier (German for "The Animal") and of a very popular television series on wildlife. He also authored a large number of popular books based on his countless experiences with animals which he raised since his student days, managed as zoo director, and encountered in the wild during many research trips.

Awards and honors

Works

Films

Books

Magazines

See also

Further reading

  • Franziska Torma: Eine Naturschutzkampagne in der Ära Adenauer. Bernhard Grzimeks Afrikafilme in den Medien der 50er Jahre. Martin Meidenbauer Verlag, München 2004, Шаблон:ISBN Шаблон:In lang (Media studies; on his films on African wildlife)
  • Gerhard Grzimek, Rupprecht Grzimek: "Die Familie Grzimek aus Oberglogau in Oberschlesien", in: Deutsches Familienarchiv, Band X, Verlag Degener & Co., Neustadt (Aisch) 1958. 4., erweiterte und überarbeitete Ausgabe, Herder-Institut, Reutlingen 2000. Шаблон:In lang (genealogy)

Film

In 2004 and 2008 public German TV broadcast 2 documentaries on Grzimek, and in 2015 an almost 3 hour long biopic featuring Ulrich Tukur as Bernhard Grzimek.Шаблон:Citation needed

Documentaries

  • Thomas Weidenbach: Bernhard Grzimek – Ein Leben für die Tiere. ZDF 2004; ca. 54 Minuten [9]
  • Erika Kimmel, Bernd Isecke: Legenden – Bernhard Grzimek. ARD 2008; 45 Minuten [10]

Biopic

External links

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Claudia Sewig 2009, p. 209 (German)
  4. ↑ Sewig 2009, p. 243
  5. ↑ Sewig 2009, p. 260 ff.
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Sewig 2009, p. 269
  7. ↑ Scherpner 1983, p. 155 and 165: Das während der Bauphase ab 1972 noch als 24-Stunden-Haus bezeichnete Tierhaus wurde durch Magistratsbeschluss im September 1978 als Grzimek-Haus eingeweiht.
  8. ↑ Sewig 2009, p. 187
  9. ↑ „Ein Leben für die Tiere“: ZDF-Dokumentation über Grzimek
  10. ↑ Legenden – Bernhard Grzimek
  11. ↑ Grzimek - Der Film
  12. ↑ TV-Film „Grzimek“: Tiere, Frauen, Dramen Der Spiegel
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Bernhard_Grzimek&oldid=13485402