Английская Википедия:Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela

Содержание

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

The Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela (Шаблон:Lang-es), commonly known as the Venezuelan Navy, is the naval branch of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela.

The Venezuelan Navy serves the purpose of defending the naval sovereignty of Venezuela, including inland and fluvial security, and it also serves to prevent illegal activities on Venezuela's borders and collaborates with international organizations to safeguard international waters from criminal activities.

History

The Venezuelan Navy was born as a coastal defense force during the beginning of the Venezuelan War of Independence. In May 1810, Commander Lino de Clemente, a veteran officer of the Spanish Navy who joined the April 1810 coup against the colonial government, was appointed the first Minister of Defense of the republic and began the long building of the armed forces including the formation of the navy. In April 1811 the Nautical School, with Ensign Vicente Parrado as its first superintendent, was opened by order of the national government in La Guaira to train future naval officers, months before the Venezuelan Declaration of Independence, thus the Navy's origins start from this date, with its first vessels being those formerly used by the naval forces of the Captaincy General of Venezuela, and participated in its first actions in the campaigns in Guayana in 1811-12, the baptism of fire for the fledgling naval service. Colonel Antonio Mendoza from the Venezuelan Army was its first commanding general.

For a long time their vessels, even if obsolete, were maintained properly by its sailors. In 1937 the Navy acquired from Italy two gunboats of the Шаблон:Sclass and rechristened them General Soublette and General Urdaneta; these ships were retained in service until 1951 (for other sources in 1948 or 1950) and scrapped later.

Joint exercises

In September 2008, the Russian Navy's nuclear-powered missile cruiser Pyotr Velikiy, accompanied by three other ships of Russia's Northern Fleet, sailed from its base in Severomorsk on a cruise to the Caribbean Sea for a joint exercise with the Venezuelan Navy.Шаблон:Clarify This action represented the first major Russian power projection in that region since the end of the Cold War. The fleet of ships, headed by the nuclear-powered Pyotr Velikiy, set off from its base at Severomorsk in the Arctic on 22 September. Russian Navy spokesman Igor Dygalo told the AFP news agency, "It's the nuclear-powered guided missile cruiser Peter the Great, the anti-submarine warship Admiral Chebanenko and other accompanying ships". The other ships included a tug boat and supply ships.

Crisis in Venezuela

Шаблон:Further During a 2019 crisisШаблон:Clarify in Venezuela, the Venezuelan Navy became engaged in the conflict when it began to prevent the entry of humanitarian aid into the country. A ship departing from Puerto Rico attempted to ship aid into the Venezuelan port city of Puerto Cabello. Six vessels of the Venezuelan Navy, including the Mariscal Sucre-class frigate Almirante Brion and patrol boats, were deployed to prevent the entry of the aid shipment. The ship, carrying civilians, returned to Puerto Rico after the Venezuelan Navy threatened to "open fire" on the humanitarian ship. Governor of Puerto Rico Ricardo Rossello, who ordered the return of the ship, stated that the act by the Venezuelan Navy was "unacceptable and shameful" and that Puerto Rico "notified our partners in the U.S. government about this serious incident".

On 30 March 2020, the Venezuelan patrol boat Naiguatá sank after a collision with the polar ice class cruise liner Шаблон:Ship, while in international waters. According to RCGS ResoluteШаблон:'s owner, the Coast Guard ship had fired shots and ordered the cruise ship to follow it to Margarita Island, a Venezuelan harbour. Naiguatá sank following the collision, with RCGS Resolute informing the international Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC) of the incident and offering assistance. After staying in the area for an hour, RCGS Resolute was informed through MRCC that assistance was not required as NaiguatáШаблон:'s crew had been rescued by the Venezuelan Navy. According to the Portuguese after-incident investigation, RCGS Resolute had departed Buenos Aires on 5 March and sailed to the Caribbean Sea. She was contacted by Venezuelan patrol boat Naiguatá on the night of 30 March. Two hours later, an unexpected change in NaiguatáШаблон:'s heading just before the collision may have been caused by a suction effect between the vessels as the faster patrol boat passed the bow of the cruise ship. Although the collision may have not been intentional ramming, the conclusion was nonetheless that the incident that led to the sinking of Naiguatá was a deliberate act initiated by the Venezuelan Navy rather than an accidental occurrence.

Organization of the Navy

As of 2016, Admiral Orlando Miguel Maneiro Gaspar was the Commanding General of the National Navy.Шаблон:Update after

Naval Operations Command

The Naval Operations Command is commanded by the Chief of Naval Operations. In 2014, this was Vice Admiral Antonio Díaz Clemente.Шаблон:Update after This command is aimed towards the defense of the territorial maritime and inland waters and the coastline of the nation, and by extension into its ground and air territories.Шаблон:Cn

Venezuelan Naval Aviation

Venezuelan Naval Aviation serves as the air arm of the Venezuelan Navy, with responsibility for air operations and transport for the entire Navy.

Coast Guard

Headquartered in La Guaira, Vargas, the Venezuelan Coast Guard is responsible for the surveillance of Venezuela's jurisdictional waters.

List of current and former ships

Class	Image	Type	Ships	Origin	Note
Submarine (formerly 2)
Type 209	Файл:S31ARASalta.jpg	Diesel-electric	S-31 Sábalo (1976) S-32 Caribe (1978)	Шаблон:GER	1,810 tonnes; status of both boats unclear as of 2020
Mini-submarine (1)
VAS 525		Mini-submarine with reversible DC electric motor	N/A	Шаблон:ITA	100 tonnes+;Шаблон:Better source Шаблон:Asof, a diver transport minisub was in use with the Venezuelan Navy.
Frigates (formerly 1; scrapped in 2022)
Mariscal Sucre class	Файл:F-22 Almirante Briòn.jpg	Missile frigates	FF-22 Almirante Brion (dismantled, scrapped in 2022)	Шаблон:ITA	2,506 tonnes
Offshore patrol vessels (4)
Шаблон:Sclass	Файл:PC-21 Guaiqueri 14 de Mayo 2011 Foto Capitán Ted.jpg	Offshore patrol vessels	PC-21 GuaiqueríШаблон:Cn PC-23 YekuanaШаблон:Cn	Шаблон:Flag	2,419 tons
Шаблон:Sclass		Offshore patrol vessels	GC-21 Guaicamacuto GC-22 YavireШаблон:Cn (GC-23 Naiguatá sunk on 30 March 2020)	Шаблон:Flag	1,453 tons
Gunboat (6)
Constitución class	Файл:Patrullero PC-16 Victoria Vosper 37m.Clase Federación.JPG	Gunboat	PC-11 Constitución PC-12 Federación PC-13 Independencia PC-14 Libertad PC-15 Patria PC-16 Victoria	Шаблон:Flag	950 tonsШаблон:Cn
Patrol boat (19)
Págalo class	Файл:Patrullero Costero PG-51 Págalo.JPG	Patrol boat	PG-51 Págalo PG-52 Caricare	Шаблон:Flag
Fernando Gómez de Saa class	Файл:AB Fernando Gomez Saa PG-61.jpg	Patrol boat	PG-61 TN Fernando Gómez de Saa	Шаблон:Flag	Шаблон:Cn
Petrel class	Файл:Patrullero costero Point tipo PB. Petrel PG-32 Alcatraz.jpg	Patrol boat	PG-31 Petrel PG-32 Alcatraz PG-33 Albatros PG-34 Pelícano	Шаблон:Flag	Шаблон:Cn
Gavión class	Файл:Patrullero costero clase Gavión tipo PB. PG-402 Alca.jpg	Patrol boat	PG-401 Gavión PG-402 Alca PG-403 Bernacia PG-404 Chamán PG-405 Cormorán PG-406 Colimbo PG-407 Fardela PG-408 Sumarela PG-409 Negrón PG-410 Pigargo PG-411 Pagaza PG-412 Serreta	Шаблон:Flag
Amphibious ship and service ships (3)
Ciudad Bolívar class		Supply ship	T-81 Ciudad BolívarШаблон:Cn	Шаблон:Flag	?
Bricbarc type Шаблон:Ship	Файл:Buque Escuela Simón Bolivar BE-11 b&w.jpg	Training sailboat	BE-11 Simón Bolívar	Шаблон:Flag	?
Punta Brava class	Файл:Buque Oceanográfico clase Punta Brava - BO-11 Punta Brava.jpg	Oceanographic ship	BO-11 Punta Brava	Шаблон:Flag	?

Fleet forces and Coast Guard ship organization

Light frigates

Файл:ARV General Salóm (F-25) y ARV Mariscal Sucre (F-21) - 1987-09855.jpg

Venezuelan frigates General Salóm (foreground) and Mariscal Sucre conduct maneuvers

• One Шаблон:Sclass/Mariscal Sucre-class missile frigates class
  • F-22 Almirante Brion, in service 1981

Offshore patrol vessels

Файл:PC-21 Guaiqueri 14 de Mayo 2011 Foto Capitán Ted.jpg

PC-21 Guaiquerí

• Six Spanish-made offshore patrol vessels of the Шаблон:Sclass. One ship, PC-22 Warao is out of service. It was taken to Fortaleza, Brazil following a grounding incident in 2012, and subsequently to Rio de Janeiro.
  • PC-21 Guaiquerí, in service as of 2011
  • PC-23 Yekuana, in serviceШаблон:Cn
  • PC-24 Kariña, in serviceШаблон:Cn

• Spanish-made offshore patrol vessels of the Шаблон:Sclass. One ship, GC-23 Шаблон:Ship, was sunk after it rammed a cruise ship in 2020.
  • GC-21 Guaicamacuto, was in service as of 2011. Current operational status unknown.

Amphibious and service ships

• Four Capana-class LST.
  • T-61 Capana, into service 1983, Шаблон:Asof.Шаблон:Better source
  • T-64 Los Llanos, into service 1983, was still in service as of 2001 Шаблон:Asof.Шаблон:Better source
• Four Los Frailes-class LSTШаблон:Cn
• One Ciudad Bolívar-class supply ship.
  • T-81 Ciudad Bolívar, was in service in 2001Шаблон:Full citation needed
• One Bricbarc type/Simón Bolívar training sailboat.
• One Almirante Francisco de Miranda-class tugboat

Coast guard ships

Файл:Patrullero-PG-51.jpg

PG-51, a Damen Stan 2606

In 2006, Venezuela had four patrol boats, 2 more Venezuelan-built by 2008, and perhaps some others which are not verified. It is unclear how many, or if any, are still operational in 2023.

• Four USCG Point-class patrol boats, Шаблон:Asof.
• 16 Gavion-class patrol boats.Шаблон:Cn
• Damen Stan 2606 vessels, built in Venezuela, similar to the United States Coast Guard's Шаблон:Sclass2, Шаблон:Asof. One already in service by 2008, plus 1 more completed by 2008. Up to 5 more might be built.

Naval aviation assets

Файл:ARBV-0218 Casa C.212 Venezuelan Armada.jpg

CASA 212

Airplanes

Aircraft	Origin	Type	Versions	In service Шаблон:Asof	Notes
CASA C-212	Spain	Maritime patrol/transport aircraft	C-212-200S43 Patrullero C-212-400	2 3
Beechcraft Super King Air	United States	Transport/liaison aircraft	B200 B90	1 1
Cessna 208 Caravan	United States	Transport aircraft		1
Turbo Commander	United States	Transport aircraft		1

Helicopters

Aircraft	Origin	Type	Versions	In service Шаблон:Asof	Notes
Mil Mi-17	Russia	Assault/transport helicopter	Mi-17V-5	6
Harbin Z-9	China	Anti-submarine warfare		8 on order	First delivery was planned for 2015, as of 2019 no unit has been seen operating the type.
Bell 206	United States	Training light helicopter	TH-57A	2
Bell 212	United States	Assault/transport helicopter		9	One Bell 212 was taken out of service following an accident on 31 May 2018, which killed the pilot.

Naval ranks

Professional and enlisted

Шаблон:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OR/BlankШаблон:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OR/Venezuela

Officers

Шаблон:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OF/BlankШаблон:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OF/Venezuela

See also

• Venezuelan Marine Corps

External links

• Шаблон:In lang Sitio oficial del Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Defensa de Venezuela
• Шаблон:In lang Sitio oficial de la Armada Bolivariana de Venezuela Шаблон:Webarchive
• Venezuela Naval Forces (Fuerzas Navales or Armada)