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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Good article Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox company Bolliger & Mabillard, officially Bolliger & Mabillard Consulting Engineers, Inc. and often abbreviated B&M, is a roller coaster design consultancy based in Monthey, Switzerland. The company was founded in 1988 by engineers Walter Bolliger and Claude Mabillard, both of whom had worked for Giovanola.[1]

B&M has pioneered several new ride technologies, most notably the inverted roller coaster[2][3] and the box-section track.[4] In 2016, the company completed its 100th roller coaster. B&M currently produces ten types of coaster models: Stand-Up Coaster, Inverted Coaster, Floorless Coaster, Flying Coaster, Hyper Coaster, Dive Coaster, Sitting Coaster, Wing Coaster, Family Coaster, and most recently, the Surf Coaster. Though B&M has not used the term, the company has also manufactured three giga coasters.

History

Roots

Walter Bolliger and Claude Mabillard started working for Giovanola, a manufacturing company which supplied rides to Intamin, in the 1970s. During their time at Giovanola, they helped design the company's first stand-up roller coaster, Shockwave (at Six Flags Magic Mountain). They also worked on other projects, such as Z-Force (at Six Flags Great America).[5] Bolliger & Mabillard left Giovanola, but the company continued to use their track design; the company's roller coasters Goliath (at Six Flags Magic Mountain) and Titan (at Six Flags Over Texas), use a track style very similar to B&M's.[6][7]

Файл:Batman The Ride SFGA.jpg
An inverted model with the curved drop, common on inverted roller coasters, Batman: The Ride at Six Flags Great Adventure

Launch

In 1987, Giovanola underwent a change of management, and B&M decided to leave and create their own company.[5] At the time, B&M employed four people, including two draftsmen: Bolliger and Mabillard. When B&M was created, the pair had agreed not to make any more amusement attractions.[8][9] However, Robert Mampe, Six Flags Great America's staff engineer, had worked with both men during the construction of Z-Force; he contacted the newly-formed company and asked them to reconfigure the cars for their Giovanola-built, Intamin bobsled coaster, to be relocated from Six Flags Great Adventure.[10]

Following that project, Mampe asked the new company to design and build a stand-up roller coaster for Six Flags Great America, similar to Shockwave at Six Flags Magic Mountain.[10] B&M accepted the offer and hired two more draftsmen. But B&M had a problem regarding how and where to manufacture the track pieces for the roller coaster. With the favorable history of the work done by Clermont Steel Fabricators (on Vortex, Kings Island, and Shockwave, Six Flags Great America), Walter Bolliger went to the steel plant and asked if they would be interested in manufacturing the track. Clermont Steel Fabricators accepted, and to this day, manufactures all of B&M’s roller coaster track pieces for all of North America.[4] Now with a company to manufacture the track, B&M built its first roller coaster, a stand-up roller coaster, Iron Wolf, which opened in 1990 at Six Flags Great America.[8][9] Two years later, Bolliger & Mabillard built another project for Six Flags Great America, Batman: The Ride, the world's first inverted roller coaster, which brought them to prominence in the industry.[11][12]

Development

Bolliger & Mabillard also invented the Floorless Coaster[13] and the Dive Coaster. The company also built its first launched roller coaster, the Incredible Hulk, which is at Islands of Adventure.[14] In 2010, B&M unveiled its new Wing Coaster and premiered the prototype model, named Raptor, at Gardaland in 2011.[15] It has two seats on each side on the car that hang riders over the sides of the track. Шаблон:As of there are fifteen in operation.[15] In 2015, B&M constructed Thunderbird at Holiday World & Splashin' Safari, its first in-house launched coaster.[16]

By 2010, B&M employed twelve engineers, twelve draftsmen and two draftswomen.[8][9] The company has made other contributions to the roller coaster industry. The company built the trains for the Psyclone, a now-demolished wooden roller coaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain. The trains were later used on the park's Colossus wooden roller coaster (until it was refurbished by Rocky Mountain Construction), but were only used during October each year. The trains faced backward and usually raced against trains on the second track, which ran forward.[17]

In 2013, the company launched the construction of Banshee, the world's longest inverted roller coaster.[18] B&M supplied new trains for Steel Dragon 2000, built by D. H. Morgan Manufacturing in 2000.[19][20] As of 2012, Bolliger & Mabillard had 85 operating roller coasters worldwide.[2] Of these, twenty-two were listed among that year's Amusement Today Golden Ticket Awards Top 50 Steel Coasters List for 2012 and five were in the top 10.

By 2016, Bolliger & Mabillard had completed their 100th coaster, and had built more roller coasters than any other manufacturer on the Golden Ticket Awards Steel Coasters list.[21]

Features

Файл:Raptor 05.JPG
Raptor's cobra roll, a first for inverted roller coasters

Bolliger & Mabillard currently manufactures ten different roller coaster styles: Stand-Up Coaster, Inverted Coaster, Floorless Coaster, Flying Coaster, Hyper Coaster, Dive Coaster, Sitting Coaster, Wing Coaster, Family Coaster and most recently, the Surf Coaster.[22][23] Bolliger & Mabillard has been involved in developing new technologies and concepts in roller coasters almost since its inception. It has often worked with engineer Werner Stengel and with designers and management of client theme parks.[24][25]

Lift hills

Файл:Pre-drop.jpg
Diagram comparing a standard lift hill and the B&M pre-drop lift hill.

Early Bolliger & Mabillard coasters feature an element known as a "pre-drop", a short drop after the top of the lift hill and before the start of the first drop, designed to reduce stress on the lift chain. The flat section between the pre-drop and the first drop serves as a shelf to support the weight of the train, reducing related stresses on the chain. On most coasters without a pre-drop, the weight of the train tends to pull on the lift chain as it begins its descent because the latter half of the train is still being lifted by the chain. Pre-drops have not been used on the company's Dive or Flying coasters, or on hyper coasters built after 1999.[26][27] OzIris at Parc Astérix was the first B&M inverted roller coaster that does not feature a pre-drop.[28] Ever since, no coaster built by B&M has featured a pre-drop[29][30] because the chain accelerates to acquire the same speed as the train when it is being taken over by gravity after it passes the crest .

Trains

Most of Bolliger & Mabillard's roller coaster trains use four-abreast seating. Each car has one row of four seats, while the train length can vary between coasters. All of the company's coaster models, except the Dive Coaster and Wing Coaster use this configuration. The Dive Coaster uses six, seven, eight or ten-abreast seating, with two or three rows of seats. For example, Griffon at Busch Gardens Williamsburg, uses ten seats in three rows, while Krake at Heide Park uses six-across seating in three rows.[31] On recent hyper coaster projects, B&M has used a new car design that has two rows of two seats; the two seats in the rear of the car pushed out from the centerline so that the four seats resemble a V formation. This formation has only been used on Behemoth at Canada's Wonderland, Diamondback at Kings Island, Intimidator and Shambhala: Expedición al Himalaya at PortAventura Park, in the resort PortAventura World. In 2013, B&M introduced a new car design that has two rows of two seats, however, they are not in a V formation.[19][20]

All B&M hyper coasters use a type of restraint called a "T-bar" or "Clamshell" restraint, which consists of bar with a cushioned lap bar with two handles for riders to hold on to. This type of restraint generally does not use a seat belt, however seat belts have been added to Behemoth and Leviathan at Canada's Wonderland, Diamondback and Orion at Kings Island, and Intimidator and Fury 325 at Carowinds.[32] Bolliger & Mabillard also uses over-the-shoulder restraints, in that the restraint is placed over the riders' shoulders and sits and extends to the riders' laps. This type of restraint is used on Dive, Inverted, Sitting, Flying, Floorless, Stand-up and Wing Coasters.[33] Bolliger & Mabillard has recently begun using a vest like over the shoulder restraint, which reduces headbanging found on the older, more common padded over the shoulder restraints. These have been met with some criticism from the coaster community, due to the nature in which they tighten during the ride; stapling riders to their seats, resulting in less airtime (negative g-forces) being felt.

Файл:BandMTrack.jpg
CAD model of B&M's signature box-spined track
Файл:B&M brakes.png
B&M Friction Brakes Model

Track

A notable feature of Bolliger & Mabillard roller coasters is the box-section track. The running rails are connected to a box-section spine, instead of the circular spine used by other manufacturers. When a train travels around a box-section track, it creates a one-of-a-kind whooshing sound, which is sometimes nicknamed the “B&M roar” by roller coaster enthusiasts. However, on some Bolliger & Mabillard roller coasters, such as Talon at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom and GateKeeper at Cedar Point, the track is filled with a proprietary sound dampening material to reduce this noise.[34]

Also, depending on the model of the roller coaster, the track size can vary. Models such as the Flying, Wing and Dive Coaster have heavier trains which require a larger track size while models with lighter trains, such as the Stand-Up and Hyper Coaster, do not and use a smaller sized track.[4]

Brakes

As of 2016, Bolliger & Mabillard uses three types of braking systems: friction, magnetic, and water.

Friction brakes

When B&M was first founded, the linear magnetic eddy brake had yet to be developed, so it used friction brakes as its main braking system. On the train, pads are fitted on the vehicle chassis between the wheel assemblies. On the brakes, similar pads are connected to steel supports. When the pads on the train come into contact with the brakes, friction is created which slows the train.[35] Beginning with Kumba in 1993, friction brakes have also been used as trim brakes that regulate the speed of the train while it is still navigating the course.[36]

Файл:SheiKra (Busch Gardens Africa) 03.jpg
SheiKra's splashdown element
Файл:Bolliger + Mabbilard Water Breaks.png
Patent for water breaks for Bolliger+Mabbilard

Magnetic brakes

Magnetic brakes provide smoother deceleration than friction brakes; most B&M roller coasters built after 2003 have at least one set of magnetic brakes. Magnetic brakes do not make contact with the train. Metal fins that run parallel to the train are fitted on the vehicle chassis between the wheel assemblies. As the fins pass through the brakes, the magnetic field created by the brakes slows the train. Magnetic brakes have also been used as an alternate type of trim brake on B&M roller coasters such as Leviathan at Canada's Wonderland.[37]

Water brakes

Water brakes were first introduced on SheiKra at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay in 2005.[38] Water brakes can only be used when a splashdown element, in which a body of water surrounds a section of track, is present within the layout of the roller coaster. When scoops on the last car of each train come in contact with the surrounding water, the train slows down and the water is sprayed several feet into the air behind it.[39]

List of roller coasters

Шаблон:See also

Файл:Vortex (Carowinds) 02.JPG
Vortex at Carowinds, a Stand-up Coaster model
Файл:Leviathan Hammerhead Turn.jpg
Leviathan at Canada's Wonderland, a Hyper Coaster model
Файл:Batman (Corkscrew) - Six Flags Great Adventure.JPG
Batman: The Ride at Six Flags Great Adventure, an Inverted Coaster model
Файл:Rollercoaster dragon khan universal port aventura spain.jpg
Dragon Khan at PortAventura Park, a Sitting Coaster model
Файл:AltonTowers-Oblivion.JPG
Oblivion at Alton Towers, a Dive Coaster model
Файл:Hydra (Jo-Jo Roll).JPG
Hydra at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom, a floorless coaster model
Файл:900behe.jpg
Behemoth at Canada's Wonderland, a Hyper Coaster model
Файл:SeaWorld Manta 1.JPG
Manta at SeaWorld Orlando, a Flying Coaster model
Файл:Raptor Gardaland 2011.jpg
Raptor at Gardaland, first Wing Coaster model

In North America, B&M coaster designs have been manufactured by Ohio company Clermont Steel Fabricators since 1990.[40][41][4] As of 2022, Bolliger & Mabillard has built 124 roller coasters around the world.[42] Some have either been relocated, renamed or closed.

Name Model Park Country Opened Status Ref
Batman: The Ride Inverted Coaster Six Flags Great America Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1992 Шаблон:Yes [12]
Vortex Stand-Up Coaster Carowinds Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1992 Шаблон:Yes [43]
Batman: The Ride Inverted Coaster Six Flags Great Adventure Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1993 Шаблон:Yes [44]
Flight Deck
Formerly Top Gun		 Inverted Coaster California's Great America Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1993 Шаблон:Yes [45]
Kumba Sitting Coaster Busch Gardens Tampa Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1993 Шаблон:Yes [46]
Batman: The Ride Inverted Coaster Six Flags Magic Mountain Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1994 Шаблон:Yes [47]
Diavlo Inverted Coaster Himeji Central Park Шаблон:Flagicon Japan 1994 Шаблон:Yes [48]
Nemesis Reborn
Formerly Nemesis		 Inverted Coaster Alton Towers Шаблон:Flagicon United Kingdom 1994 Шаблон:No [49]
Raptor Inverted Coaster Cedar Point Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1994 Шаблон:Yes [50]
Batman: The Ride Inverted Coaster Six Flags St. Louis Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1995 Шаблон:Yes [51]
Dragon Khan Sitting Coaster PortAventura Park Шаблон:Flagicon Spain 1995 Шаблон:Yes [52]
Montu Inverted Coaster Busch Gardens Tampa Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1996 Шаблон:Yes [53]
Alpengeist Inverted Coaster Busch Gardens Williamsburg Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1997 Шаблон:Yes [54]
Batman: The Ride Inverted Coaster Six Flags Over Georgia Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1997 Шаблон:Yes [55]
Pyrenees Inverted Coaster Parque Espana-Shima Spain Village Шаблон:Flagicon Japan 1997 Шаблон:Yes [56]
Great White Inverted Coaster SeaWorld San Antonio Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1997 Шаблон:Yes [57]
Oblivion Dive Coaster Alton Towers Шаблон:Flagicon United Kingdom 1998 Шаблон:Yes [58]
Great Bear Inverted Coaster Hersheypark Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1998 Шаблон:Yes [59]
The Riddler's Revenge Stand-Up Coaster Six Flags Magic Mountain Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1998 Шаблон:Yes [60]
Afterburn
Formerly Top Gun - The Jet Coaster		 Inverted Coaster Carowinds Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1999 Шаблон:Yes [61]
Medusa
Formerly Bizarro		 Floorless Coaster Six Flags Great Adventure Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1999 Шаблон:Yes [62]
Incredible Hulk Sitting Coaster Universal Islands of Adventure Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1999 Шаблон:Yes [63]
Dragon Challenge
Formerly Dueling Dragons		 Inverted Coaster Universal Islands of Adventure Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1999 Шаблон:No [64]
Batman: The Ride Inverted Coaster Six Flags Over Texas Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1999 Шаблон:Yes [65]
Raging Bull Hyper Coaster Six Flags Great America Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1999 Шаблон:Yes [66]
Georgia Scorcher Stand-Up Coaster Six Flags Over Georgia Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1999 Шаблон:Yes [67]
Apollo's Chariot Hyper Coaster Busch Gardens Williamsburg Шаблон:Flagicon United States 1999 Шаблон:Yes [68]
Kraken
Formerly Kraken Unleashed		 Floorless Coaster SeaWorld Orlando Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2000 Шаблон:Yes [69]
Medusa Floorless Coaster Six Flags Discovery Kingdom Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2000 Шаблон:Yes [70]
Katun Inverted Coaster Mirabilandia Шаблон:Flagicon Italy 2000 Шаблон:Yes [71]
Superman: Krypton Coaster Floorless Coaster Six Flags Fiesta Texas Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2000 Шаблон:Yes [72]
Diving Machine G5 Dive Coaster Janfusun Fancyworld Шаблон:Flagicon Taiwan 2000 Шаблон:Yes [73]
Insane Speed Floorless Coaster Janfusun Fancyworld Шаблон:Flagicon Taiwan 2001 Шаблон:Yes [74]
Nitro Hyper Coaster Six Flags Great Adventure Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2001 Шаблон:Yes [75]
Talon Inverted Coaster Dorney Park Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2001 Шаблон:Yes [76]
Wildfire Sitting Coaster Silver Dollar City Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2001 Шаблон:Yes [77]
Galactica
Formerly Air		 Flying Coaster Alton Towers Шаблон:Flagicon United Kingdom 2002 Шаблон:Yes [78]
Batman: The Dark Knight Floorless Coaster Six Flags New England Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2002 Шаблон:Yes [79]
Batman: Arkham Asylum
Formerly Batman: La Fuga		 Inverted Coaster Parque Warner Madrid Шаблон:Flagicon Spain 2002 Шаблон:Yes [80]
Silver Star Hyper Coaster Europa Park Шаблон:Flagicon Germany 2002 Шаблон:Yes [81]
Superman: La Atracción de Acero Floorless Coaster Parque Warner Madrid Шаблон:Flagicon Spain 2002 Шаблон:Yes [82]
Superman: Ultimate Flight Flying Coaster Six Flags Over Georgia Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2002 Шаблон:Yes [83]
Vampire Inverted Coaster La Ronde Шаблон:Flagicon Canada 2002 Шаблон:Yes [84]
Nemesis Inferno Inverted Coaster Thorpe Park Шаблон:Flagicon United Kingdom 2003 Шаблон:Yes [85]
Scream Floorless Coaster Six Flags Magic Mountain Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2003 Шаблон:Yes [86]
Superman: Ultimate Flight Flying Coaster Six Flags Great America Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2003 Шаблон:Yes [87]
Superman: Ultimate Flight Flying Coaster Six Flags Great Adventure Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2003 Шаблон:Yes [88]
Dæmonen Floorless Coaster Tivoli Gardens Шаблон:Flagicon Denmark 2004 Шаблон:Yes [89]
Lightning Inverted Coaster Kuwait Entertainment City Шаблон:Flagicon Kuwait 2004 Шаблон:No [90]
Silver Bullet Inverted Coaster Knott's Berry Farm Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2004 Шаблон:Yes [91]
Hydra the Revenge Floorless Coaster Dorney Park Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2005 Шаблон:Yes [92]
SheiKra Dive Coaster Busch Gardens Tampa Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2005 Шаблон:Yes [93]
Black Mamba Inverted Coaster Phantasialand Шаблон:Flagicon Germany 2006 Шаблон:Yes [94]
Crystal Wing Flying Coaster Happy Valley Beijing Шаблон:Flagicon China 2006 Шаблон:Yes [95]
Goliath Hyper Coaster La Ronde Шаблон:Flagicon Canada 2006 Шаблон:Yes [96]
Goliath Hyper Coaster Six Flags Over Georgia Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2006 Шаблон:Yes [97]
Patriot Inverted Coaster Worlds of Fun Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2006 Шаблон:Yes [98]
Tatsu Flying Coaster Six Flags Magic Mountain Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2006 Шаблон:Yes [99]
Griffon Dive Coaster Busch Gardens Williamsburg Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2007 Шаблон:Yes [100]
Hollywood Dream: The Ride Hyper Coaster Universal Studios Japan Шаблон:Flagicon Japan 2007 Шаблон:Yes [101]
Phaethon Inverted Coaster Gyeongju World Шаблон:Flagicon South Korea 2007 Шаблон:Yes [102]
Behemoth Hyper Coaster Canada's Wonderland Шаблон:Flagicon Canada 2008 Шаблон:Yes [103]
Dive Coaster Dive Coaster Chimelong Paradise Шаблон:Flagicon China 2008 Шаблон:Yes [104]
Dominator
Formerly Batman: Knight Flight		 Floorless Coaster Kings Dominion
Geauga Lake		 Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2008
2000 to 2007		 Шаблон:Yes [105]
[106]
Goliath
Formerly Batman: The Ride
Formerly Gambit		 Inverted Coaster Six Flags Fiesta Texas
Six Flags New Orleans
Thrill Valley		 Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2008
2003 to 2005
1995 to 2002		 Шаблон:Yes [107]
[108]
[109]
Diamondback Hyper Coaster Kings Island Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2009 Шаблон:Yes [110]
Diving Coaster Dive Coaster Happy Valley Shanghai Шаблон:Flagicon China 2009 Шаблон:Yes [111]
Manta Flying Coaster SeaWorld Orlando Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2009 Шаблон:Yes [112]
Monster
Formerly Orochi		 Inverted Coaster Walygator Parc
Expoland		 Шаблон:Flagicon France 2010
1996 to 2007		 Шаблон:Yes [113]
[114]
Intimidator Hyper Coaster Carowinds Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2010 Шаблон:Yes [115]
Green Lantern
Formerly Chang		 Stand-Up Coaster Six Flags Great Adventure
Kentucky Kingdom		 Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2011
1997 to 2009		 Шаблон:Yes [116]
[117]
Hair Raiser Floorless Coaster Ocean Park Hong Kong Шаблон:Flagicon Hong Kong 2011 Шаблон:Yes [118]
Krake Dive Coaster Heide Park Шаблон:Flagicon Germany 2011 Шаблон:Yes [119]
Raptor Wing Coaster Gardaland Шаблон:Flagicon Italy 2011 Шаблон:Yes [120]
Starry Sky Ripper
Formerly Sky Scrapper		 Flying Coaster Joyland Шаблон:Flagicon China 2011 Шаблон:Yes [121]
Leviathan Hyper Coaster Canada's Wonderland Шаблон:Flagicon Canada 2012 Шаблон:Yes [122]
OzIris Inverted Coaster Parc Astérix Шаблон:Flagicon France 2012 Шаблон:Yes [123]
Shambhala Hyper Coaster PortAventura Park Шаблон:Flagicon Spain 2012 Шаблон:Yes [124]
Swarm Wing Coaster Thorpe Park Шаблон:Flagicon United Kingdom 2012 Шаблон:Yes [125]
Wild Eagle Wing Coaster Dollywood Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2012 Шаблон:Yes [126]
X-Flight Wing Coaster Six Flags Great America Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2012 Шаблон:Yes [127]
GateKeeper Wing Coaster Cedar Point Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2013 Шаблон:Yes [128]
Nitro Floorless Coaster Adlabs Imagica Шаблон:Flagicon India 2013 Шаблон:Yes [129]
Banshee Inverted Coaster Kings Island Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2014 Шаблон:Yes [130]
Parrot Coaster
Formerly Flying over the Rainforest		 Wing Coaster Chimelong Ocean Kingdom Шаблон:Flagicon China 2014 Шаблон:Yes [131]
Flug der Dämonen Wing Coaster Heide Park Шаблон:Flagicon Germany 2014 Шаблон:Yes [132]
Family Inverted Coaster Family Inverted Coaster Happy Valley Shanghai Шаблон:Flagicon China 2014 Шаблон:Yes [133]
Harpy Flying Coaster Xishuangbanna Sunac Land Шаблон:Flagicon China 2015 Шаблон:No [134]
Rougarou
Formerly Mantis
 Floorless Coaster
Formerly Stand-Up Coaster
 Cedar Point Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2015
1996 to 2014
 Шаблон:Yes [135]
Acrobat Flying Coaster Nagashima Spa Land Шаблон:Flagicon Japan 2015 Шаблон:Yes [136]
Thunderbird Wing Coaster (Launch) Holiday World Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2015 Шаблон:Yes [137]
Oblivion: The Black Hole Dive Coaster Gardaland Шаблон:Flagicon Italy 2015 Шаблон:Yes [138]
Baron 1898 Dive Coaster Efteling Шаблон:Flagicon Netherlands 2015 Шаблон:Yes [139]
Fury 325 Hyper Coaster Carowinds Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2015 Шаблон:Yes [140]
Mako Hyper Coaster SeaWorld Orlando Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2016 Шаблон:Yes [141]
The Flying Dinosaur Flying Coaster Universal Studios Japan Шаблон:Flagicon Japan 2016 Шаблон:Yes [142]
Valravn Dive Coaster Cedar Point Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2016 Шаблон:Yes [143]
Dragon's Run
Formerly Time Machine
Formerly Led Zeppelin - The Ride		 Sitting Coaster Dragon Park Ha Long
Freestyle Music Park
Hard Rock Park		 Шаблон:Flagicon Vietnam 2017
2009
2008		 Шаблон:Yes [144]
[145]
Patriot
Formerly Vortex
 Floorless Coaster
Formerly Stand-Up Coaster		 California's Great America Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2017
1991 to 2016
 Шаблон:Yes [146]
Flying Wing Coaster Wing Coaster Happy Valley Chongqing Шаблон:Flagicon China 2017 Шаблон:Yes [147]
Draken Dive Coaster Gyeongju World Шаблон:Flagicon South Korea 2018 Шаблон:Yes [148]
Flying Apsaras in Western Region Dive Coaster Happy Valley Chengdu Шаблон:Flagicon China 2018 Шаблон:Yes [149]
Valkyria Dive Coaster Liseberg Шаблон:Flagicon Sweden 2018 Шаблон:Yes [150]
Family Inverted Coaster Family Inverted Coaster Happy Valley Beijing Шаблон:Flagicon China 2018 Шаблон:Yes [151]
Wing Coaster Wing Coaster Colourful Yunnan Happy World Шаблон:Flagicon China 2018 Шаблон:Yes [152]
Fēnix Wing Coaster Toverland Шаблон:Flagicon Netherlands 2018 Шаблон:Yes [153]
Heaven's Wing Wing Coaster HB World Шаблон:Flagicon China 2018 Шаблон:Yes [154]
Yukon Striker Dive Coaster Canada's Wonderland Шаблон:Flagicon Canada 2019 Шаблон:Yes [155]
Firebird
Formerly Apocalypse
Formerly Iron Wolf
 Floorless Coaster
Formerly Stand-Up Coaster		 Six Flags America
Six Flags Great America		 Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2019
2012 to 2018
1990 to 2011
 Шаблон:Yes [156]
[157]
Шаблон:N/A Wing Coaster Hot Go Dreamworld Шаблон:Flagicon China Шаблон:N/A Шаблон:No [158]
Шаблон:N/A Hyper Coaster Hot Go Dreamworld Шаблон:Flagicon China Шаблон:N/A Шаблон:No [159]
Flight of the Himalayan Eagle Music Roller Coaster Hyper Coaster Happy Valley Beijing Шаблон:Flagicon China 2019 Шаблон:Yes [160]
Falcon Wing Coaster Wuxi Sunac Land Шаблон:Flagicon China 2019 Шаблон:Yes [161]
Forest Predator Wing Coaster Happy Valley Nanjing Шаблон:Flagicon China 2020 Шаблон:Yes [162]
Candymonium Hyper Coaster Hersheypark Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2020 Шаблон:Yes [163]
Orion Hyper Coaster Kings Island Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2020 Шаблон:Yes [164]
Monster Inverted Coaster Gröna Lund Шаблон:Flagicon Sweden 2021 Шаблон:Yes [165]
Decepticoaster Sitting Coaster Universal Studios Beijing Шаблон:Flagicon China 2021 Шаблон:Yes [166]
Emperor Dive Coaster SeaWorld San Diego Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2022 Шаблон:Yes [167]
DaVinci Ride Wing Coaster Fantasy Valley Шаблон:Flagicon China 2022 Шаблон:Yes [168]
Dr. Diabolical’s Cliffhanger Dive Coaster Six Flags Fiesta Texas Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2022 Шаблон:Yes [169]
Maximus - Der Flug des Wächters Wing Coaster Legoland Deutschland Шаблон:Flagicon Germany 2023 Шаблон:Yes [170]
Pipeline: The Surf Coaster Surf Coaster (Stand Up) SeaWorld Orlando Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2023 Шаблон:Yes [171]
Mandrill Mayhem Wing Coaster (shuttle) Chessington World of Adventures Шаблон:Flagicon United Kingdom 2023 Шаблон:Yes [172]
Iron Menace Dive Coaster Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2024 Шаблон:Maybe [173]
Penguin Trek Family Coaster SeaWorld Orlando Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2024 Шаблон:Maybe [174]
Phoenix Rising Family Inverted Coaster Busch Gardens Tampa Шаблон:Flagicon United States 2024 Шаблон:Maybe [175]

References

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External links

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Шаблон:Bolliger & Mabillard Шаблон:Roller coaster manufacturers

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