Английская Википедия:Boroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin
Berlin is both a city and one of Germany's federated states (city state). Since the 2001 administrative reform, it has been made up of twelve districts (Шаблон:Lang-de, Шаблон:IPA-de), each with its own administrative body. However, unlike the municipalities and counties of other German states, the Berlin districts are not territorial corporations of public law (Шаблон:Lang) with autonomous competencies and property, but simple administrative agencies of Berlin's state and city government, the City of Berlin forming a single municipality (Шаблон:Lang) since the Greater Berlin Act of 1920. Thus they cannot be equated to US or UK boroughs in the traditional meaning of the term.
Each district possesses a district representatives' assembly (Шаблон:Lang) directly elected by proportional representation and an administrative body called district board (Шаблон:Lang). The district board, comprising since October 2021 six (until then five) members - a district mayor (Шаблон:Lang) as head and five (earlier four) district councillors (Шаблон:Lang) - is elected by the district representatives' assembly, proportionally reflecting its party composition according to popular vote. The district board is in charge of most local administrative matters directly relevant to local citizens; however, all of its decisions can at any moment be revoked by the Berlin Senate. Furthermore, the districts are financially completely dependent on state donations, as they neither possess any taxation power nor own any property. The district mayors form a council of mayors (Шаблон:Lang, led by the city's governing mayor), which advises the Senate.
History
Each borough is made up of several officially recognized subdistricts or neighborhoods (Шаблон:Lang in German, sometimes called quarters in English). The number of neighborhoods that form a borough varies considerably, ranging from two (Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg) to fifteen (Treptow-Köpenick). These neighborhoods typically have a historical identity as former independent cities, villages, or rural municipalities that were united in 1920 as part of the Greater Berlin Act, forming the basis for the present-day city and state. The neighborhoods do not have their own governmental bodies but are recognized by the city and the boroughs for planning and statistical purposes. Berliners often identify more with the neighborhood where they live than with the borough that governs them. The neighborhoods are further subdivided into statistical tracts, which are mainly used for planning and statistical purposes. The statistical tracts correspond roughly but not exactly with neighborhoods recognized by residents.
When Greater Berlin was established in 1920, the city was organized into twenty boroughs, most of which were named after their largest component neighborhood, often a former city or municipality; others, such as Kreuzberg and Prenzlauer Berg, were named for geographic features. Minor changes to borough boundaries were made in 1938. After World War II, Berlin was divided into four sectors, with the Western sectors controlled by the United States, Britain, and France, and the Eastern sector controlled by the Soviet Union.
In 1961, the SED built the Berlin Wall to divide the city, effectively separating West Berlin from East Berlin and the rest of East Germany. Three new boroughs were created in East Berlin: Marzahn was split off from Lichtenberg in 1979, Hohenschönhausen from Weissensee in 1985, and Hellersdorf from Marzahn in 1986. In 1989, the Berlin Wall fell, and the city was reunified. This marked the end of the Cold War and the beginning of a new era in Berlin's history.
After reunification, Berlin underwent a process of rapid transformation, as the city worked to rebuild and modernize its infrastructure and economy. Many new businesses and cultural institutions were established, and the city became a center of creativity and innovation.
By 2000, Berlin comprised twenty-three boroughs, as three new boroughs had been created in East Berlin. Today Berlin is divided into twelve boroughs (Шаблон:Lang), reduced from twenty-three boroughs before Berlin's 2001 administrative reform.
Boroughs
An administrative reform in 2001 merged all but three of the existing boroughs into the current 12 boroughs, as listed below.[1] The three boroughs that were not affected were Spandau, Reinickendorf and Neukölln, as the population of each was already exceeding 200,000.
| Borough | Bundestag constituency | Population 31 March 2010 |
Area in km2 |
Density per km2 |
Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf | Berlin-Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf (excluding Charlottenburg-Nord and the neighbourhood of Kalowswerder) |
319,628 | 64.72 | 4,878 | The 12 Bezirke of Berlin |
| Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg | Berlin-Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg – Prenzlauer Berg East | 268,225 | 20.16 | 13,187 | |
| Lichtenberg | Berlin-Lichtenberg | 259,881 | 52.29 | 4,952 | |
| Marzahn-Hellersdorf | Berlin-Marzahn-Hellersdorf | 248,264 | 61.74 | 4,046 | |
| Mitte | Berlin-Mitte | 332,919 | 39.47 | 8,272 | |
| Neukölln | Berlin-Neukölln | 310,283 | 44.93 | 6,804 | |
| Pankow | Berlin-Pankow (excluding Prenzlauer Berg east of Prenzlauer Allee) |
366,441 | 103.01 | 3,476 | |
| Reinickendorf | Berlin-Reinickendorf | 240,454 | 89.46 | 2,712 | |
| Spandau | Berlin-Spandau – Charlottenburg North | 223,962 | 91.91 | 2,441 | |
| Steglitz-Zehlendorf | Berlin-Steglitz-Zehlendorf | 293,989 | 102.50 | 2,818 | |
| Tempelhof-Schöneberg | Berlin-Tempelhof-Schöneberg | 335,060 | 53.09 | 6,256 | |
| Treptow-Köpenick | Berlin-Treptow-Köpenick | 241,335 | 168.42 | 1,406 |
Administration
The borough government is part of the two-stage administration of the Berlin city-state, whereby the Senate and its affiliated agencies, institutions, and municipal enterprises form the first stage of the so-called Шаблон:Lang (central administration). On the second position, the boroughs enjoy a certain grade of autonomy—though in no way comparable to the German Шаблон:Lang districts or independent cities, nor even to the local government of a common municipality as a legal entity, as according to the Berlin Constitution the legal status of the city as a German state itself is that of a unified municipality (Шаблон:Lang). The power of the borough governments is limited and their performance of assigned tasks is subject to regulatory supervision by the Senate.
Nevertheless, the twelve self-governing boroughs have constitutional status and are themselves subdivided into two administrative bodies: each is governed by the borough assembly (Шаблон:Lang, BVV) and a full-time borough council (Шаблон:Lang), consisting of four councilors (Шаблон:Lang) and headed by a borough mayor (Шаблон:Lang). The BVV assembly is directly elected by the borough's population and therefore acts as a borough parliament, though it is officially part of the executive. It elects the members of the borough council, checks its daily administration, and is able to make applications and recommendations. The twelve borough mayors regularly meet in the Council of Mayors (Шаблон:Lang), led by the city's Governing Mayor; the council answers to and advises the Senate.
The localities have no local government bodies, and the administrative duties of the former locality representative, the Шаблон:Lang, were taken over by the borough mayors.
Coats of arms
All the coats of arms of Berliner boroughs (the current as of the ones in the period 1990 to 2001) have some common points: The shield has a Spanish form and the coronet is represented by a mural crown: 3 towers in red bricks with the coat of arms of Berlin in the middle.
Most of the coats of arms of current boroughs [2] have changed some elements in their field: Some of them have created a "fusion" of themes of the merged Шаблон:Lang (Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, Lichtenberg, Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Tempelhof-Schöneberg); others have modified their themes taken from one of the two (or more) former merged boroughs (Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg, Marzahn-Hellersdorf, Mitte and Treptow-Köpenick). Only the unchanged boroughs of Neukölln, Reinickendorf and Spandau have not changed their field. The coat of arms of Pankow was created with a new design in 2008, having been the only district without an emblem for 7 years.
Localities
As of 2012, the twelve boroughs are made up of a total of 97 officially recognized localities (Шаблон:Lang). Almost all of them are further subdivided into several other zones (defined in German as Шаблон:Lang etc.). The largest Шаблон:Lang is Köpenick (Шаблон:Convert), the smallest one is Hansaviertel (Шаблон:Convert). The most populated is Neukölln (154,127 inhabitants in 2009), the least populated is Malchow (450 inhabitants in 2008).[3]
The coats of arms of the Localitys lost their validity with the incorporation into Greater Berlin/in new districts and thus disappeared from official use. The coats of arms listed here are the historically used signs.
- (01) Mitte
| Locality | Area in km2 |
Population as of 2008 |
Density inhabitants per km2 |
Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:DEU Berlin-Mitte (district) COA.svg (0101) Mitte | 10.70 | 79,582 | 7,445 | Файл:Berlin Mitte.svg |
| Файл:Sin escudo.svg (0102) Moabit | 7.72 | 69,425 | 8,993 | |
| Файл:Sin escudo.svg (0103) Hansaviertel | 0.53 | 5,889 | 11,111 | |
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be tiergarten 1955.png (0104) Tiergarten | 5.17 | 12,486 | 2,415 | |
| Файл:DEU Wedding COA.svg (0105) Wedding | 9.23 | 76,363 | 8,273 | |
| Файл:Sin escudo.svg (0106) Gesundbrunnen | 6.13 | 82,729 | 13,496 |
| Locality | Area in km2 |
Population as of 2008 |
Density inhabitants per km2 |
Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be friedrichshain 1991.png (0201) Friedrichshain | 9.78 | 114,050 | 11,662 | Файл:Berlin Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg.svg |
| Файл:DEU Kreuzberg (district) COA.svg (0202) Kreuzberg | 10.40 | 147,227 | 14,184 |
- (03) Pankow
| Locality | Area in km2 |
Population as of 2008 |
Density inhabitants per km2 |
Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:DEU Prenzlauer Berg (Bezirk) COA.svg (0301) Prenzlauer Berg | 11.00 | 142,319 | 12,991 | Файл:Berlin Pankow.svg |
| Файл:DEU Weißensee (district) COA.svg (0302) Weißensee | 7.93 | 45,485 | 5,736 | |
| Файл:Sin escudo.svg (0303) Blankenburg | 6.03 | 6,550 | 1,086 | |
| Файл:Sin escudo.svg (0304) Heinersdorf | 3.95 | 6,580 | 1,666 | |
| Файл:Sin escudo.svg (0305) Karow | 6.65 | 18,258 | 2,746 | |
| Файл:Sin escudo.svg (0306) Stadtrandsiedlung Malchow | 5.68 | 1,166 | 205 | |
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be pankow 1987.png (0307) Pankow | 5.66 | 55,854 | 9,868 | |
| Файл:Sin escudo.svg (0308) Blankenfelde | 13.40 | 1,917 | 144 | |
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be buch 1987.png (0309) Buch | 18.20 | 13,188 | 727 | |
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be buchholz 1987.png (0310) Französisch Buchholz | 12.00 | 18,766 | 1,560 | |
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be niederschoenhausen 1987.png (0311) Niederschönhausen | 6.49 | 26,903 | 4,145 | |
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be rosenthal 1987.png (0312) Rosenthal | 4.90 | 8,933 | 1,823 | |
| Файл:Sin escudo.svg (0313) Wilhelmsruh | 1.37 | 7,216 | 5,267 |
| Locality | Area in km2 |
Population as of 2008 |
Density inhabitants per km2 |
Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:DEU Charlottenburg (district) COA.svg (0401) Charlottenburg | 10.60 | 118,704 | 11,198 | Файл:Berlin Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.svg |
| Файл:DEU Wilmersdorf (district) COA.svg (0402) Wilmersdorf | 7.16 | 92,815 | 12,963 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0403) Schmargendorf | 3.59 | 19,750 | 5,501 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0404) Grunewald | 22.30 | 10,014 | 448 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0405) Westend | 13.50 | 37,883 | 2,800 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0406) Charlottenburg-Nord | 6.20 | 17,327 | 2,795 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0407) Halensee | 1.27 | 13,966 | 10,997 |
- (05) Spandau
| Locality | Area in km2 |
Population as of 2008 |
Density inhabitants per km2 |
Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0501) Spandau | 8.03 | 33,433 | 4,164 | District map of Spandau |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0502) Haselhorst | 4.73 | 13,668 | 2,891 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0503) Siemensstadt | 5.66 | 11,388 | 2,012 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0504) Staaken | 10.90 | 41,470 | 3,810 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0505) Gatow | 10.10 | 3,908 | 386 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0506) Kladow | 14.80 | 13,628 | 922 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0507) Hakenfelde | 20.40 | 26,337 | 1,292 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0508) Falkenhagener Feld | 6.88 | 34,778 | 5,056 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0509) Wilhelmstadt | 10.40 | 37,080 | 3,558 |
- (06) Steglitz-Zehlendorf
| Locality | Area in km2 |
Population as of 2008 |
Density inhabitants per km2 |
Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:DEU District Steglitz COA.svg (0601) Steglitz | 6.79 | 70,555 | 10,391 | Файл:Berlin Steglitz-Zehlendorf.svg |
| Файл:DEU Berlin-Lichterfelde COA.jpg (0602) Lichterfelde | 18.20 | 78,338 | 4,300 | |
| Файл:Coa Germany Town Berlin-Lankwitz.svg (0603) Lankwitz | 6.99 | 40,385 | 5,778 | |
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be zehlendorf 1956.png (0604) Zehlendorf | 18.80 | 57,902 | 3,075 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0605) Dahlem | 8.36 | 14,966 | 1,784 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0606) Nikolassee | 19.61 | 15,899 | 811 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0607) Wannsee | 23.68 | 9,044 | 382 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0608) Schlachtensee | 4.05 | 10,573 | 2,611 |
- (07) Tempelhof-Schöneberg
| Locality | Area in km2 |
Population as of 2008 |
Density inhabitants per km2 |
Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be schoeneberg 1956.png (0701) Schöneberg | 10.60 | 116,743 | 11,003 | District map of Tempelhof-Schöneberg |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0702) Friedenau | 1.65 | 26,736 | 16,204 | |
| Файл:DEU District Tempelhof COA.svg (0703) Tempelhof | 12.20 | 54,382 | 4,458 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0704) Mariendorf | 9.38 | 48,882 | 5,211 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0705) Marienfelde | 9.15 | 30,151 | 3,295 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0706) Lichtenrade | 10.10 | 49,451 | 4,896 |
- (08) Neukölln
| Locality | Area in km2 |
Population as of 2008 |
Density inhabitants per km2 |
Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0801) Neukölln | 11.70 | 154,127 | 13,173 | District map of Neukölln |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0802) Britz | 12.40 | 38,334 | 3,091 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0803) Buckow | 6.35 | 38,018 | 5,987 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0804) Rudow | 11.80 | 41,040 | 3,478 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (0805) Gropiusstadt | 2.66 | 35,844 | 13,475 |
- (09) Treptow-Köpenick
- (10) Marzahn-Hellersdorf
| Locality | Area in km2 |
Population as of 2008 |
Density inhabitants per km2 |
Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be marzahn 1992.png (1001) Marzahn | 19.50 | 102,398 | 5,240 | District map of Marzahn-Hellersdorf |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1002) Biesdorf | 12.40 | 24,543 | 1,973 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1003) Kaulsdorf | 8.81 | 18,732 | 2,126 | |
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be mahlsdorf 1987.png (1004) Mahlsdorf | 12.90 | 26,852 | 2,075 | |
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be hellersdorf 1992.png (1005) Hellersdorf | 8.10 | 72,602 | 8,963 |
- (11) Lichtenberg
| Locality | Area in km2 |
Population as of 2008 |
Density inhabitants per km2 |
Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be friedrichsfelde 1987.png (1101) Friedrichsfelde | 5.55 | 50,010 | 9,011 | District map of Lichtenberg |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1102) Karlshorst | 6.60 | 21,329 | 3,232 | |
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be lichtenberg 1987.png (1103) Lichtenberg | 7.22 | 32,295 | 4,473 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1104) Falkenberg | 3.06 | 1,164 | 380 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1106) Malchow | 1.54 | 450 | 292 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1107) Wartenberg | 6.92 | 2,433 | 352 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1109) Neu-Hohenschönhausen | 5.16 | 53,698 | 10,407 | |
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be hohenschoenhausen.png (1110) Alt-Hohenschönhausen | 9.33 | 41,780 | 4,478 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1111) Fennpfuhl | 2.12 | 30,932 | 14,591 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1112) Rummelsburg | 4.52 | 17,567 | 3,887 |
- Codes 1105 and 1108 (this one to former Hohenschönhausen locality) are not assigned
- (12) Reinickendorf
| Locality | Area in km2 |
Population as of 2008 |
Density inhabitants per km2 |
Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1201) Reinickendorf | 10.50 | 72,859 | 6,939 | District map of Reinickendorf |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1202) Tegel | 33.70 | 33,417 | 992 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1203) Konradshöhe | 2.20 | 5,997 | 2,726 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1204) Heiligensee | 10.70 | 17,641 | 1,649 | |
| Файл:Wappen-frohnau.jpg (1205) Frohnau | 7.80 | 17,025 | 2,183 | |
| Файл:WappenvoHermsdorf.jpg (1206) Hermsdorf | 6.10 | 16,503 | 2,705 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1207) Waidmannslust | 2.30 | 10,022 | 4,357 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1208) Lübars | 5.00 | 4,915 | 983 | |
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be wittenau 1905.svg (1209) Wittenau | 5.87 | 22,696 | 3,866 | |
| Файл:Coats of arms of None.svg (1210) Märkisches Viertel | 3.20 | 35,206 | 11,002 | |
| Файл:Coat of arms de-be Borsigwalde.jpg (1211) Borsigwalde | 2.03 | 6,432 | 3,168 |
See also
References
External links
Шаблон:Boroughs of Berlin Шаблон:Boroughs of Berlin (1920-2001) Шаблон:Berlin
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