Английская Википедия:Brazilian ironclad Rio de Janeiro

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Good article

Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship class overviewШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

The Brazilian ironclad Rio de Janeiro was an armored gunboat (Шаблон:Lang-pt Nr. 3) built for the Brazilian Navy during the Paraguayan War in the mid-1860s. Like the other two gunboats she was built in Brazil and was designed as a casemate ironclad. Commissioned in April 1866, the ship did not enter combat until September, when she bombarded Paraguayan fortifications at Curuzu. Rio de Janeiro hit two mines on 2 September and rapidly sank, taking 53 of her crew with her.

Design and description

Rio de Janeiro was designed to meet the need of the Brazilian Navy for a small, simple, shallow-draft armored gunboat capable of withstanding heavy fire. A casemate ironclad design was chosen for ease of construction and a bronze ram, Шаблон:Convert long, was fitted. The hull was sheathed with Muntz metal to reduce biofouling. For sea passages the ship's freeboard could be increased to Шаблон:Convert by use of removable bulwarks Шаблон:Convert high. On riverine operations, the bulwarks and the ship's masts, were usually removed.[1]

The ship measured Шаблон:Convert long overall, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and had a mean draft of Шаблон:Convert. Rio de Janeiro normally displaced Шаблон:Convert and Шаблон:Convert at deep load. Her crew numbered 148 officers and men.[1]

Propulsion

Rio de Janeiro had a single John Penn & Sons 2-cylinder steam engine driving a single 2-bladed propeller. Her engine was powered by two tubular boilers. The engine produced a total of Шаблон:Convert which gave the ship a maximum speed of Шаблон:Convert. The ship's funnel was mounted directly in front of her casemate. Rio de Janeiro carried enough coal for six days' steaming.[1]

Armament

Rio de Janeiro mounted two 70-pounder Whitworth rifled muzzle loaders and two 68-pounder smoothbore guns in her casemate.[1] To minimize the possibility of shells or splinters entering the casemate through the gunports they were as small as possible, allowing only a 24°-arc of fire for each gun. The rectangular, Шаблон:Convert casemate had two gun ports on each side as well as the front and rear.[2]

The 70-pounder gun weighed Шаблон:Convert and fired a Шаблон:Convert shell that weighed Шаблон:Convert.[3] The gun had a maximum range of Шаблон:Convert.[4] The Шаблон:Convert solid shot of the 68-pounder gun weighed approximately Шаблон:Convert while the gun itself weighed Шаблон:Convert. The gun had a range of Шаблон:Convert at an elevation of 12°. All of the guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells.[3][5]

Armor

The hull of Rio de Janeiro was made from three layers of wood, each Шаблон:Convert thick.[1] The ship had a complete wrought iron waterline belt, Шаблон:Convert high. It had a maximum thickness of Шаблон:Convert covering the machinery and magazines, Шаблон:Convert elsewhere.[1] The curved deck, as well as the roof of the casemate, was armored with Шаблон:Convert of wrought iron. The casemate was protected by 102 millimeters of armor on all four sides, backed by Шаблон:Convert of wood capped with a 102 mm layer of peroba hardwood.[2]

Service

Файл:Buque Rio de Janeiro.jpg
Battleship Rio de Janeiro sunk by a torpedo in front of Curuzú (painted by Adolfo Methfessel).

Rio de Janeiro was laid down at the Arsenal de Marinha da Corte in Rio de Janeiro on 28 June 1865, during the Paraguayan War, which saw Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay allied against Paraguay. She was launched on 18 February 1866 and completed on 1 March 1866. Commissioned in April she reached the combat zone on 4 May. The ship reached Corrientes, with the ironclad Шаблон:Ship, in July 1866. On 1 September Rio de Janeiro bombarded the Paraguayan fortifications at Curuzú in company with the other Brazilian ironclads. A 68-pounder shell entered one of her gunports during the bombardment, killing four men and wounding five. The next day, after her damage was repaired, the ship struck two floating mines ('torpedoes') in the River Paraguay while trying to rendezvous with the other Brazilian ironclads bombarding Curupayty.[6] Rio de Janeiro sank instantly with the loss of 53 of her crew.[7] She remains there, entombed under some Шаблон:Convert of sand.[6]

Footnotes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

External links

Шаблон:Brazilian ironclads Шаблон:1866 shipwrecks

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 Gratz, p. 144
  2. 2,0 2,1 Gratz, p. 147
  3. 3,0 3,1 Holley, p. 34
  4. Gratz, pp. 153–54
  5. Lambert, pp. 85–7
  6. 6,0 6,1 Gratz, p. 150. Gratz says the Apa River but this is a mistake since it lay many hundreds of miles north of the combat zone.
  7. Meister, p. 12