Английская Википедия:Caladenia huegelii
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Caladenia huegelii, commonly known as the grand spider orchid is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single, hairy leaf and up to three relatively large red, green and cream-coloured flowers which have "split-hairs" on the sides of the labellum.
Description
Caladenia huegelii is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf, Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide. Up to three flowers Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide are borne on a stalk Шаблон:Convert tall. The flowers are pale greenish-yellow with red markings and the lateral sepals have light brown to yellow, club-like glandular tips. The dorsal sepal is erect, Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide and the lateral sepals are nearly parallel to each other, Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide. The petals are Шаблон:Convert long, Шаблон:Convert wide and sometimes curve downwards. The labellum is Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide, greenish-cream with a red tip which is turned under. The sides of the labellum have many thin teeth up to Шаблон:Convert long which are often split. There are four rows of dark red calli up to Шаблон:Convert long, along the centre of the labellum. Flowering occurs from September to late October.[1][2][3][4]
Taxonomy and naming
Caladenia huegelii was first described in 1871 by Heinrich Reichenbach from a specimen collected near the Swan River and the description was published in Beitrage zur Systematischen Pflanzenkunde.[5][6] The specific epithet (huegelii) honours Baron Charles von Hügel.[2]
Distribution and habitat
The grand spider orchid occurs between Perth and Capel in the Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions where it grows in deep sandy soil in woodland.[1][2][3][7]
Ecology
Caladenia huegelii relies on a single species of mycorrhizal fungus for its germination and annual growth. Despite the selectivity of this, its field germination rates are comparable to other, more common co-occurring species of Caladenia.[8][9]
Pollinators
Experiments in hand-pollinating the species have shown that fruiting is limited by pollen rather than resources. The only pollinators of the species are small males of the parasitic wasp species Macrothynnus insignis.[8][10] These small wasps are only found in roughly 4% of the new or restored habitats proposed by the Australian government for the orchid's recovery.[8]
Conservation
Caladenia huegelii occurs in an area undergoing urbanisation and many populations of this once-common species have been lost. Of the 33 known populations containing about 1,500 plants, 85% of the plants are in four of these populations. Threats to the species include habitat loss due to urbanisation, weed invasion and disease caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. The species is classified as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife[7] and it has also been listed as "Endangered" (EN) under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).[4]
References
