Английская Википедия:Caladenia longicauda

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Caladenia longicauda is a species of plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is distinguished by its large leaf and by its up to five large, white flowers which have drooping sepals and petals with long, thickish brown "tails".

Description

Caladenia longicauda is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single hairy leaf, Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide. Between July and early November it produces one to three (sometimes up to five) flowers on a stalk Шаблон:Convert tall, each flower Шаблон:Convert wide. The flowers are mostly white except for a few red markings and reddish stripes on the backs of the petals and sepals. The dorsal sepal is green, erect, Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide with its edges slightly turned inwards. The lateral sepals are Шаблон:Convert long, Шаблон:Convert wide, spreading horizontally near their bases but then drooping. The petals are similar to the sepals but slightly shorter and narrower. The labellum is white, Шаблон:Convert long, Шаблон:Convert wide with erect to spreading teeth up to Шаблон:Convert long along its sides. The middle part of the labellum has the longest teeth on its edge, the teeth red with hooked white tips. The front part of the labellum curves downwards, with the teeth becoming shorter. There are between four and eight rows of calli along the central part of the labellum, the calli pale to dark red and club-shaped. The fruit is a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.

Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia longicauda was first formally described by John Lindley in 1840 and the description was published in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. The specific epithet (longicauda) is derived from the Latin words longus meaning "long" and cauda meaning "tail".

The names of fourteen subspecies of C. longicauda are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

Subspecies	Description	Distribution and habitat	Image
C. longicauda Lindl. subsp. longicauda	Lateral sepals Шаблон:Cvt long, labellum Шаблон:Cvt wide	Woodland between Lancelin and Nannup	Файл:Caladenia sp JF (John Forrest).jpg
C. longicauda subsp. albella Hopper & A.P.Br. (small-lipped spider orchid)	Lateral sepals Шаблон:Cvt long, labellum Шаблон:Cvt wide	Swampy areas between Eneabba and Gingin
C. longicauda subsp. australora Hopper & A.P.Br. (southern white spider orchid)	Lateral sepals Шаблон:Cvt long, labellum Шаблон:Cvt wide	Coastal areas between the Fitzgerald River National Park and Beaufort Inlet	Файл:Caladenia longicauda australora.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. borealis Hopper & A.P.Br. (daddy-long-legs spider orchid	Lateral sepals Шаблон:Cvt long, labellum Шаблон:Cvt wide	Shrubland between Cataby and Kalbarri	Файл:Caladenia longicauda subsp. borealis.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. calcigena Hopper & A.P.Br. (Coastal white spider orchid)	Lateral sepals Шаблон:Cvt long, labellum Шаблон:Cvt wide	Near-coastal areas between Bunbury and Dongara	Файл:Caladenia longicauda subsp. calcigena - Flickr 002.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. clivicola Hopper & A.P.Br. (Hill's white spider orchid)	Lateral sepals Шаблон:Cvt long, labellum Шаблон:Cvt wide	Forests between North Dandalup and Collie and coastal heath near Dunsborough	Файл:Caladenia longicauda clivicola 02.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. crassa Hopper & A.P.Br. (Esperance white spider orchid)	Lateral sepals Шаблон:Cvt long, labellum Шаблон:Cvt wide	Swampy places between Esperance and Israelite Bay	Файл:Caladenia longicauda crassa - cropped.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. eminens (Domin) Hopper & A.P.Br. (stark white spider orchid)	Lateral sepals Шаблон:Cvt long, labellum Шаблон:Cvt wide	Widespread between Moore and Ravensthorpe	Файл:Caladenia longicauda subsp. eminens 02.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. extrema A.P.Br. & G.Brockman	Lateral sepals Шаблон:Cvt long, labellum Шаблон:Cvt wide	Winter-wet areas near Manjimup
C. longicauda subsp. insularis Hopper & A.P.Br. ex A.P.Br. & G.Brockman	Lateral sepals Шаблон:Cvt long, labellum Шаблон:Cvt wide	Coastal heath near Esperance
C. longicauda subsp. merrittii Hopper & A.P.Br. (Merritt's white spider orchid)	Lateral sepals Шаблон:Cvt long, labellum Шаблон:Cvt wide	Forest between Margaret River and Nannup	Файл:Caladenia longicauda subsp. merrittii - cropped.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. minima A.P.Br. & G.Brockman	Lateral sepals Шаблон:Cvt long, labellum Шаблон:Cvt wide	Woodland or shrubland near Yuna
Caladenia longicauda subsp. redacta Hopper & A.P.Br. (tangled spider orchid)	Lateral sepals Шаблон:Cvt long, labellum Шаблон:Cvt wide	Woodland between Collie and Mount Barker	Файл:Caladenia longicauda redacta 03.jpg
C. longicauda subsp. rigidula Hopper & A.P.Br. (rigid spider orchid)	Lateral sepals Шаблон:Cvt long, labellum Шаблон:Cvt wide	On granite outcrops or near streams between Ravensthorpe and Balladonia	Файл:Caladenia longicauda rigidula 02.jpg

Distribution and habitat

Caladenia longicauda grows in a wide range of habitats from the Kalbarri National Park on the west coast to Israelite Bay on the south coast.

Conservation

Most subspecies of C. longicauda are classified as "Not Threatened" but subspecies extrema and insularis are classified as "Priority One" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife meaning that they are known from only one or a few locations which are potentially at risk. Subspecies minima is classified as "Priority Two", meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations.