Английская Википедия:Ceroxylon quindiuense

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Ceroxylon quindiuense, often called Quindío wax palm,[1] is a palm native to the humid montane forests of the Andes in Colombia and Peru.[2]

Файл:Ceroxylon quindiuense cocora.jpg
View of Cocora valley (Colombia) with Ceroxylon quindiuense palms

Description

This palm species can grow to a height of Шаблон:Cvt —or rarely, even as high as Шаблон:Cvt.[2] It is the tallest recorded monocot in the world.[3] The trunk is cylindrical, smooth, light colored, covered with wax; leaf scars forming dark rings around the trunk.[2] The leaves are dark green and grayish, Шаблон:Cvt long, with a petiole up to Шаблон:Cvt.[2] Fruits are globose and orange-red when ripe, Шаблон:Cvt in diameter.[2]

Taxonomy

Ceroxylon quindiuense was described by Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten and published in Bonplandia (Hannover) 8: 70. (1860).[4]

Etymology:

Ceroxylon: generic name composed of the Greek words: kèròs = "wax" and xγlon = "wood", in reference to the thick white wax found on the trunks.[5] quindiuense: geographical epithet alluding to its location in Quindío.

Synonymy:[4]

Ecology

It grows in large and dense populations along the central and eastern Andes of Colombia (rarely in the western Colombian Andes), with a disjunct distribution in the Andes of northern Peru.[2] The elevational range of this species is between Шаблон:Cvt above sea level.[2] It achieves a minimum reproductive age at 80 years.[1] Wax palms provide habitats for many unique life forms, including endangered species such as the yellow-eared parrot (Ognorhynchus icterotis).

Vernacular names

Palma de cera, palma de ramo (both names in Colombia).[2]

Conservation

Populations of Ceroxylon quindiuense are threatened by habitat disturbance, overharvesting and diseases.[1] The fruit was used as feed for cattle and pigs. The leaves were extensively used in the Catholic celebrations of Palm Sunday;[6] such leaves coming from young individuals which were damaged to death.[1] That activity has been reduced severely in recent years due to law enforcement and widespread campaign.[2] Felling of Ceroxylon quindiuense palms to obtain wax from the trunk also is an activity still going on in Colombia and Peru.[2] The palm is recognized as the national tree of Colombia, and since the implementation of Law 61 of 1985, it is legally a protected species in that country.[1][7]

Cultivation and uses

The wax of the trunk was used to make candles, especially in the 19th century.[2] The outer part of the stem of the palm has been used locally for building houses, and was used to build water supply systems for impoverished farmers.[2][1] It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in Colombia and California.[2][1]

Gallery

References

Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Symbols of Colombia Шаблон:Taxonbar

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 Шаблон:Cite journal
  2. 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 Шаблон:Cite journal
  3. Шаблон:Cite web
  4. 4,0 4,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок POWO не указан текст
  5. Шаблон:Cite book
  6. Шаблон:Cite web
  7. Шаблон:Cite web