Английская Википедия:Cmd.exe

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:Other uses Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Lowercase title Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox software Command Prompt, also known as cmd.exe or cmd, is the default command-line interpreter for the OS/2, eComStation, ArcaOS, Microsoft Windows (Windows NT family and Windows CE family), and ReactOS operating systems. On Windows CE .NET 4.2, Windows CE 5.0 and Windows Embedded CE 6.0 it is referred to as the Command Processor Shell. Its implementations differ between operating systems, but the behavior and basic set of commands are consistent. Шаблон:Mono is the counterpart of Шаблон:Mono in DOS and Windows 9x systems, and analogous to the Unix shells used on Unix-like systems. The initial version of Шаблон:Mono for Windows NT was developed by Therese Stowell. Windows CE 2.11 was the first embedded Windows release to support a console and a Windows CE version of Шаблон:Mono. The ReactOS implementation of Шаблон:Mono is derived from FreeCOM, the FreeDOS command line interpreter.

Operation

Шаблон:Mono interacts with the user through a command-line interface. On Windows, this interface is implemented through the Win32 console. Шаблон:Mono may take advantage of features available to native programs of its own platform. For example, on OS/2 and Windows, it can use real pipes in command pipelines, allowing both sides of the pipeline to run concurrently. As a result, it is possible to redirect the standard error stream. (Шаблон:Mono uses temporary files, and runs the two sides serially, one after the other.)

Multiple commands can be processed in a single command line using the command separator Шаблон:Mono.

When using this separator in the Windows Шаблон:Mono, each command must complete successfully for the following commands to execute. For example:

C:\>CommandA && CommandB && CommandC

In the above example, Шаблон:Mono will only execute if Шаблон:Mono completes successfully, and the execution of Шаблон:Mono depends on the successful completion of Шаблон:Mono. To process subsequent commands even if the previous command produces an error, the command separator Шаблон:Mono should be used. For example:

C:\>CommandA & CommandB & CommandC

On Windows XP or later, the maximum length of the string that can be used at the command prompt is 8191 characters. On earlier versions, such as Windows 2000 or Windows NT 4.0, the maximum length of the string is 2047 characters. This limit includes the command line, individual environment variables that are inherited by other processes, and all environment variable expansions.

Quotation marks are required for the following special characters:

& < > [ ] { } ^ = ; ! ' + , ` ~ [white space]

Internal commands

OS/2

Файл:Microsoft OS 2 Version 1.3 cmd.exe OS 2 Window 640x373.png

OS/2 Window (cmd.exe) on Microsoft OS/2 Version 1.3

The following is a list of the Microsoft OS/2 internal Шаблон:Mono commands:

• break
• chcp
• cd
• chdir
• cls
• copy
• date
• del
• detach
• dir
• dpath
• echo
• erase
• exit
• for
• goto
• if
• md
• mkdir
• path
• pause
• prompt
• rd
• rem
• ren
• rename
• rmdir
• set
• shift
• start
• time
• type
• ver
• verify
• vol

Windows NT family

Файл:Windows11Terminal uk.png

cmd.exe on Windows 11

The following list of internal commands is supported by Шаблон:Mono on Windows NT and later:

• assoc
• break
• call
• cd
• chdir
• cls
• color
• copy
• date
• del
• dir
• dpath
• echo
• endlocal
• erase
• exit
• for
• ftype
• goto
• if
• keys
• md
• mkdir
• mklink (introduced in Windows Vista)
• move
• path
• pause
• popd
• prompt
• pushd
• rd
• rem
• ren
• rename
• rmdir
• set
• setlocal
• shift
• start
• time
• title
• type
• ver
• verify
• vol

Windows CE

Файл:Microsoft Windows CE Version 3.0 (Build 126) cmd.exe Command Prompt 800x574.png

Pocket CMD v 3.0 (cmd.exe) on Windows CE 3.0

The following list of commands is supported by Шаблон:Mono on Windows CE .NET 4.2, Windows CE 5.0 and Windows Embedded CE 6.0:

• attrib
• call
• cd
• chdir
• cls
• copy
• date
• del
• dir
• echo
• erase
• exit
• goto
• help
• if
• md
• mkdir
• move
• path
• pause
• prompt
• pwd
• rd
• rem
• ren
• rename
• rmdir
• set
• shift
• start
• time
• title
• type

In addition, the Шаблон:Mono command is available as an external command stored in Шаблон:Mono.

ReactOS

Файл:ReactOS-0.4.13 cmd.exe Command Prompt 667x434.png

Command Prompt (cmd.exe) on ReactOS

The ReactOS implementation includes the following internal commands:

• ?
• alias
• assoc
• beep
• call
• cd
• chdir
• choice
• cls
• color
• copy
• ctty
• date
• del
• delete
• delay
• dir
• dirs
• echo
• echos
• Шаблон:Not a typo
• Шаблон:Not a typo
• endlocal
• erase
• exit
• for
• free
• goto
• history
• if
• memory
• md
• mkdir
• mklink
• move
• path
• pause
• popd
• prompt
• pushd
• rd
• rmdir
• rem
• ren
• rename
• replace
• screen
• set
• setlocal
• shift
• start
• time
• timer
• title
• type
• ver
• verify
• vol

Comparison with COMMAND.COM

On Windows, Шаблон:Mono is mostly compatible with Шаблон:Mono but provides the following extensions over it:

• More detailed error messages than the blanket "Bad command or file name" (in the case of malformed commands) of Шаблон:Mono. In OS/2, errors are reported in the chosen language of the system, their text being taken from the system message files. The Шаблон:Mono command can then be issued with the error message number to obtain further information.
• Supports using of arrow keys to scroll through command history. (Under DOS this function was only available under DR DOS (through HISTORY) and later via an external component called Шаблон:Mono.)
• Adds rotating command-line completion for file and folder paths, where the user can cycle through results for the prefix using the Шаблон:Keypress, and Шаблон:Keypress for reverse direction.
• Treats the caret character (Шаблон:Mono) as the escape character; the character following it is to be taken literally. There are special characters in Шаблон:Mono and Шаблон:Mono (e.g. "Шаблон:Mono", "Шаблон:Mono" and "|") that are meant to alter the behavior of the command line processor. The caret character forces the command line processor to interpret them literally.
• Supports delayed variable expansion with Шаблон:Code, allowing values of variables to be calculated at runtime instead of during parsing of script before execution (Windows 2000 and later), fixing DOS idioms that made using control structures hard and complex. The extensions can be disabled, providing a stricter compatibility mode.

Internal commands have also been improved:

• The Шаблон:Mono command was merged into the Шаблон:Mono command, as part of its Шаблон:Mono switch.
• Шаблон:Mono and Шаблон:Mono commands limit the scope of changes to the environment. Changes made to the command line environment after Шаблон:Mono commands are local to the batch file. Шаблон:Mono command restores the previous settings.
• The Шаблон:Mono command allows subroutines within batch file. The Шаблон:Mono command in Шаблон:Mono only supports calling external batch files.
• File name parser extensions to the Шаблон:Mono command are comparable with C shell.Шаблон:Elucidate
• The Шаблон:Mono command can perform expression evaluation.
• An expansion of the Шаблон:Mono command supports parsing files and arbitrary sets in addition to file names.
• The new Шаблон:Mono and Шаблон:Mono commands provide access past navigated paths similar to "forward" and "back" buttons in a web browser or File Explorer.
• The conditional Шаблон:Mono command can perform case-insensitive comparisons and numeric equality and inequality comparisons in addition to case-sensitive string comparisons. (This was available in DR-DOS, but not in PC DOS or MS-DOS.)

See also

• Comparison of command shells
• List of DOS commands
• COMMAND.COM
• PowerShell
• Windows Terminal

Further reading

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book

External links

• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite web