Английская Википедия:Eckart-Wilhelm von Bonin

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Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox military person

Eckart-Wilhelm von Bonin (14 November 1919 – 11 January 1992) was a German World War II night fighter pilot who served in the Luftwaffe. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.Шаблон:Sfn He is credited with shooting down 37 enemy aircraft claimed during 150 combat missions.

Early life and career

Von Bonin was born on 14 November 1919 in Potsdam in the Province of Brandenburg of the Weimar Republic. He was the son of Bogislaw von Bonin and his wife Mathilde, a daughter of Adolf von Bülow. His older brother, Bogislaw served in the Army and later in the Amt Blank, a predecessor of the Federal Ministry of Defence. Two of his brothers also served in the Luftwaffe, Jürgen-Oskar was killed in action on 8 February 1942 while serving as an observer in a Tansportgeschwader (air transport wing). Another brother, Hubertus, became a fighter pilot and wing commander with 77 aerial victories and was also killed in the war.Шаблон:Sfn Von Bonin entered military service with the Luftwaffe in 1937 and was trained as a night fighter pilot.Шаблон:Sfn

Night fighter career

Файл:Kammhuber Line Map - Agent Tegal.png
A map of part of the Kammhuber Line. The 'belt' and night fighter 'boxes' are shown.

Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight, RAF attacks shifted to the cover of darkness, initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign.Шаблон:Sfn By mid-1940, Generalmajor (Brigadier General) Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line. It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter. Each sector named a Himmelbett (canopy bed) would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers. In 1941, the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the Lichtenstein radar. This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942.Шаблон:Sfn

In October 1940, von Bonin was posted to 6. Staffel (6th squadron) of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (NJG 1—1st Night Fighter Wing).Шаблон:Sfn This squadron was part of II. Gruppe (2nd group) of NJG 1 commanded by Major Walter Ehle.Шаблон:Sfn

"Wheels Down" incident

The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) targeted the German aircraft industry on 17 August 1943 in the Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission. Two Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers from the 4th Bombardment Wing had been forced to leave their formation on their way to Regensburg. The B-17 "Picklepuss" piloted by Captain Robert M. Knox from the 100th Bomb Group headed back to England when it came under attack by three Messerschmitt Bf 110 night fighters south of Aachen. Von Bonin, accompanied by Oberleutnant Walter Barte and Leutnant Hans Witzke had taken off from Sint-Truiden—Saint-Trond in the French pronunciation—to intercept any stragglers to and from the target area. Von Bonin shot down the B-17 on his first attack but one of his engines was also hit be the left waist gunner. While six of the ten crew members of the B-17 were killed in action, von Bonin landed safely on one engine at Saint-Trond.Шаблон:Sfn

Following this engagement, controversy arose whether Knox had lowered his landing gear to signal surrender. Apparently, a B-17 had lowered its landing gears and had then shot down one of the escorting Luftwaffe fighters, becoming the "Wheels Down" incident.Шаблон:Sfn

Group commander

On 18 November 1943, von Bonin was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of II. Gruppe of NJG 1. He succeeded Major Walter Ehle who was killed in action.Шаблон:Sfn He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Шаблон:Lang) on 5 February 1944 after 31 aerial victories.Шаблон:Sfn In October 1944, he became Gruppenkommandeur of I. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 102 (NJG 102—102nd Night Fighter Wing).Шаблон:Sfn

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to Obermaier, von Bonin was credited with 37 aerial victories claimed in roughly 150 combat missions. Two of his claims were over four-engined bombers during daytime operations, the other 35 were claimed during nocturnal missions.Шаблон:Sfn Aders and Spick list him with 39 aerial victories claimed in approximately 150 combat missions.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Foreman, Parry and Mathews, authors of Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 37 nocturnal victory claims.Шаблон:Sfn Mathews and Foreman also published Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, listing Von Bonin with 33 aerial victories, plus four further unconfirmed claims.Шаблон:Sfn

Chronicle of aerial victories

Шаблон:Legend2
Шаблон:Legend2

Claim Date Time Type Location Serial No./Squadron No.
– 6. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –Шаблон:Sfn
1 11 May 1941 02:20 Wellington TönningenШаблон:Sfn
2 12 May 1941 02:20 Blenheim Шаблон:Convert west of Sankt Peter-OrdingШаблон:Sfn
3 15 July 1941 01:40 Wellington east of ZwolleШаблон:Sfn R1613/No. 214 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
4 7 April 1942 02:38 ManchesterШаблон:Sfn Manchester L7470/No. 61 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
5 3 June 1942 02:41 Wellington Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of BrusselsШаблон:Sfn Wellington DV786/No. 156 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
6 9 June 1942 02:38 Halifax Шаблон:Convert northeast of BrusselsШаблон:Sfn
7 26 June 1942 01:38 Blenheim Шаблон:Convert north of TirlemontШаблон:Sfn Blenheim Z6084/No. 13 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
8 30 July 1942 03:17 Wellington Шаблон:Convert east of AntwerpШаблон:Sfn Wellington Z1316/No. 142 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
9 5 October 1942 22:38 Wellington northeast of MaastrichtШаблон:Sfn Wellington BJ729/No. 419 Squadron RCAFШаблон:Sfn
10 12 March 1943 21:40 Halifax Шаблон:Convert north-northwest of AmerikaШаблон:Sfn
13 26 May 1943 01:36 Wellington Шаблон:Convert north of MaastrichtШаблон:Sfn Wellington HF488/No. 199 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
14 30 May 1943 00:43 WellingtonШаблон:Sfn
15 12 June 1943 01:47 Halifax Oye-Plage, northeast of LiègeШаблон:Sfn
16 22 June 1943 01:50 Stirling Шаблон:Convert southeast of EindhovenШаблон:Sfn
17 31 July 1943 00:57 Halifax MariaweilerШаблон:Sfn
18!Шаблон:Refn 17 August 1943 11:45 B-17 Шаблон:Convert southwest of AachenШаблон:Sfn
19![Note 1] 17 August 1943 15:07 B-17 Шаблон:Convert northeast of AachenШаблон:Sfn
20 31 August 1943 00:45 HalifaxШаблон:Sfn
21 7 September 1943 00:45 Halifax southwest of MunichШаблон:Sfn
22 7 September 1943 00:47 Halifax southwest of MunichШаблон:Sfn
23 3 November 1943 19:30 Lancaster southwest of GangeltШаблон:Sfn
24 19 November 1943 19:30 Lancaster northeast of RonseШаблон:Sfn
25♠ 26 November 1943 02:20 Halifax north of PrümШаблон:Sfn
26♠ 26 November 1943 02:42 Halifax southeast of DarmstadtШаблон:Sfn
27♠ 26 November 1943 02:45 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert Brandau, south of DarmstadtШаблон:Sfn Lancaster JB221/No. 97 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
28♠[Note 1] 26 November 1943 19:24 Lancaster south-southwest of LiègeШаблон:Sfn Lancaster DV285/No. 101 Squadron RAFШаблон:Sfn
29♠[Note 1] 26 November 1943 19:30 Halifax HermeskeilШаблон:Sfn
30 20 December 1943 19:26 Halifax MayenШаблон:Sfn
31 20 December 1943 19:45 Halifax DachsenhausenШаблон:Sfn
32 20 February 1944 05:40 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert north of DessauШаблон:Sfn
33 24 February 1944 21:36 four-engined bomber BriegШаблон:Sfn
34 24 February 1944 21:48 four-engined bomber MarlingШаблон:Sfn
35 15 March 1944 22:10 four-engined bomber southeast of Saint-DizierШаблон:Sfn
36 15 March 1944 22:41 four-engined bomber northeast of LureШаблон:Sfn
37 22 June 1944 01:14 Lancaster Шаблон:Convert east-southeast of TurnhoutШаблон:Sfn Lancaster ME782/No. 630 Squadron RAF

Awards

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

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Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:Top German World War II night fighter aces

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